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The Spanish Influenza pandemic (February 1918 – April 1920)

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The Spanish Influenza pandemic (February 1918 – April 1920)

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The Spanish Flu was a deadly disease that killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide. An unusual characteristic of this virus was the high death rate it caused among healthy adults 15 to 34 years of age.

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(June 28, 1919-Signed/Went into effect-January 10, 1920) Treaty of Versailles

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(June 28, 1919-Signed/Went into effect-January 10, 1920) Treaty of Versailles

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This treaty marked the end of five years of conflict known as the Great War—World War I. This treaty codified peace terms between the victorious Allies and Germany. It also blamed Germany for their cause or the war. Germany was in huge debt, was disarmed, lost territory, and gave up all of its overseas colonies.

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An international diplomatic group developed after World War I under the Treaty of Versailles as a way to solve disputes between countries. A way to maintain world peace.

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(1922-Interwar) Washington Naval Treaty 

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(1922-Interwar) Washington Naval Treaty 

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The Washington Naval Treaty was the world’s largest naval powers gathered in Washington, D.C. for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing tensions in East Asia. This treaty limited the amount of warships and weaponry which would cause less fighting to occur.

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(January 21, 1924) The death of Vladimir Lenin

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(January 21, 1924) The death of Vladimir Lenin

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The death of Vladimir Lenin was significant because he was founded the Russian Communist Party and led the Bolshevik Revolution. He was also the architect of the Soviet state. When Lenin dies, Joseph Stalin (a communist party secretary) uses his position to gain support as Lenin's replacement.

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The Immigration act limited the amount of immigrants allowed to enter United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States.

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US helped Germany under the Dawes Plan (August 16, 1924)

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US helped Germany under the Dawes Plan (August 16, 1924)

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The United States created Dawes Plan which was an agreement between US and Germany. US helped stabilize Germany's economy and make its annual payments more comfortably. The Industrial world improved massively, and unemployment fell.

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Refer as a triangle America gives money to Germany Germany will able to pay back France France will pay back the States

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(1929) The crash of the American Stock market

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(1929) The crash of the American Stock market

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During the Great Depression, The crash of the American Stock market was a steep fall in the prices of stocks due to widespread financial panic. This had many effects. US bankers demanded repayment of overseas loans, investors taking money from Europe, Dawes Plan ended in Germany and the worldwide trade dropped by 65%.

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(December 1937–January 1938) Nanking Massacre

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(December 1937–January 1938) Nanking Massacre

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The Nanking Massacre, also called Rape of Nanjing was the mass killing and the ravaging of Chinese citizens after the Japanese Imperial Army seizure of Nanjing, China.

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A Political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler in 1938. This event was known as the Anschluss. It was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles.

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The Battle of Dunkirk (May 26, 1940 – Jun 4, 1940)

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The Battle of Dunkirk (May 26, 1940 – Jun 4, 1940)

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British troops were evacuating from Dunkirk to England as German forces closed in on them. As many troops were stranded in France, they attempted to be rescued by sea, however 40,000 British troops were stranded and captured.

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Battle of Britain (July 10, 1940– October 31, 1940)

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Battle of Britain (July 10, 1940– October 31, 1940)

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The successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force (Luftwaffe). Germany attempted to gain air superior over Britain, but Britain defended against Germany.

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(June 22, 1941) Invasion of Russia- Operation Barbarossa

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(June 22, 1941) Invasion of Russia- Operation Barbarossa

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Invasion of Soviet Union by Nazi Germany. The German-Soviet Pact fell apart due an attack of Russia two years later.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)

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Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)

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Surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii, by the Japanese that caused the entry of United States to World War II.

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The battle of Stalingrad (Jul 17, 1942 – Feb 2, 1943)

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The battle of Stalingrad (Jul 17, 1942 – Feb 2, 1943)

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A successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad during World War II. It was the turning point in the war benefiting the Allies as Germans advancing into the Soviet Union had stopped.

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Battle of Stalingrad, (1942–43) Unsuccessful German assault on the Soviet city in World War II.

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The Manhattan Project (August 1942-August 1945)

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The Manhattan Project (August 1942-August 1945)

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A nuclear weapons production program that involved a collaboration of Allied scientists who raced to test the first atomic bomb. The project went on during World War II, and was run by the U.S. Army.

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The day when the Allied troops planned a military attack on France. The day of the Allies' invasion of France to defeat Nazi Germany and gain France back.

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The day the Allies achieved victory in Europe. They celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Reich in Europe. Nazi Germany's surrender declared the end to World War II in Europe.

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Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 6-9, 1945)

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Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 6-9, 1945)

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When the Manhattan Project finished, US dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II.

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August 6, 2021, observed solemnly as Hiroshima Day around the world, will be the 76th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the Japanese city in the final year of World War II. On this day in 1945, the United States dropped the very first deployed nuclear bomb in the city of Hiroshima, wiping out an estimated 39 per cent of the population, most of who were civilians. Along with the atomic bombing of Nagasaki three days later, these instances remain the only recorded use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict.
Hiroshima Day: History
Hiroshima bombings of 1945 were "necessitated", as said by the United States, as the Allied Forces continued to struggle against Japan even after Germany's surrender in World War II. In reports that have since been revealed, it has been known that the US administration at the time practically believed that the use of a nuclear weapon would force Japan to yield and save millions of casualties in the process.
Also Read | Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Japan's surrender: Those 9 dark days
The Manhattan Project, commissioned by the US, created two atomic bombs. The first one, called 'The Little Boy' was dropped in the city of Hiroshima while the second one, dubbed 'The Fat Man', was dropped in Nagasaki by the US on August 6 and 9, respectively.
Hiroshima Day: Significance
Hiroshima saw the terrors of the atomic weapon the moment an American B-29 bomber dropped it on the city. An estimated 90,000 to 140,000 people were killed instantly, while thousands more were hit with generational defects that are plaguing a section of the populace to this day.

Hiroshima Day 2021 will commemorate, like every year, the 1945 tragedy which completely destroyed the two cities and left the country to deal with a dreadful fate even in its aftermath. It reminds the world that all wars are terrible, and nuclear warfare even more so. It reminds thousands of politicians, diplomats, and envoys around the world that diplomacy is the only option while navigating geopolitics in the 21st century because only nine countries in the entire world currently possess more than 13,000 nuclear weapons.
Hiroshima Day: The legacy of nuclear warfare
Hiroshima Day serves as a day of remembrance and a focus for anti-war and anti-nuclear demonstrations in several countries. Several people also take the time to visit the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum on this day, which documents the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings of 1945 are an eerie reminder for the world of the devastating effects of nuclear warfare that two recorded instances in history left for humankind.

Together, the two nuclear attacks killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people. Radiation poisoning, what was referred to as "atomic bomb disease", left people with an increased risk of cancer, birth defects, severe mental retardation, among other diseases.

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Hiroshima Day 2021: History, significance, and impacts of World War II atomic bombings

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Hiroshima Day: The city saw the terrors of the atomic weapon the moment an American B-29 bomber dropped it on the populace. An estimated 90,000 to 140,000 people were killed instantly, while thousands more were hit with generational defects that are plaguing the country to this day.

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United States' victory over Japan day. It's the day that United States celebrates Japan's surrender. It marked the end of World War II in Japan.

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VJ Day celebrations in 1945 (Photo: IWM)

This year marks the 75th anniversary of VJ Day, when Japan surrendered from World War Two, marking the end of the conflict.
When is VJ Day?
Victory over Japan Day takes place every year on August 15 in the UK and this year celebrations will be a little different due to the coronavirus pandemic.Here's what you need to know.

VJ Day is celebrated on different dates in the UK and in the US.

In the UK, VJ Day marks the initial announcement of Japan's surrender on 15 August 1945. We therefore celebrate VJ day on 15 August each year.

Meanwhile in the US, VJ Day marks the date when the surrender documents were officially signed on the USS Missouri battleship - on 2 September 1945.

In the US, VJ Day therefore takes place each 2 September.
What is the significance of VJ Day - and how does it differ to VE Day?
In Japan, the day is known as the "memorial day for the end of the war", and is observed on 15 August.

VJ Day marks the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, which in effect brought the war to an end.

VE Day on the other hand, refers to the surrender of Nazi Germany on 8 May 1945, after nearly six years of war.

Despite the battle with the Nazis coming to an end and Hitler dead, Japan held firm and war continued in the Pacific.
Why did Japan surrender?
Japan, a key German ally, continued to fight off the advancing US army.

The Japanese surrender occurred following the fallout of the atomic bombs the Americans dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively.

The Allied leaders (United States, Great Britain and Soviet Union) issued Japan a Potsdam Declaration, which called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces.

Previously, Japan had not accepted these terms, but following the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Emperor Hirohito (posthumously called Emperor Showa) decided to accept the Potsdam Declaration.

However, it wasn't just the atomic bombs from the US that secured Japan's surrender - an attack from the Soviet army was a big factor as well.

While the Soviets were allied with Britain and the US in the fight against Hitler, they weren't actually at war with Japan at the time the country was issued the Potsdam Declaration.

In fact, the Soviet Union and Japan had previously signed a neutrality pact in 1941 - a pact which both sides benefited from during the war.

This changed on 9 August, the day of the atomic bomb attack on Nagasaki, following the bombing of Hiroshima a few days earlier.

The Soviets broke the terms of the neutrality pact with Japan and implemented a massive invasion of its territories, taking out huge numbers of Japanese soldiers.

Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, made the decision to do this because he had made a promise to British and American leaders to join the war against Japan following the defeat of Nazi Germany.

According to American historian Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, the Soviet Union's attack destroyed Japan's hopes that they could end the war with help from Moscow.

Hasegawa said: "The Soviet entry into the war played a much greater role than the atomic bombs in inducing Japan to surrender because it dashed any hope that Japan could terminate the war through Moscow's mediation."
Will VJ Day celebrations still go ahead?
On 2 September, 1945, the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was formally signed on board USS Missouri.

In the UK, VJ Day is celebrated in a similar fashion to VE Day, with commemorations for those who fought during the war.

However, parades, remembrance events and other celebrations have been impacted by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.

The British Legion announced: "As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, The Royal British Legion has taken the difficult decision not to continue with plans for our overseas tours to commemorate VJ Day.

"We recognise that this decision will be deeply disappointing, it has been taken based on expert advice to protect the health of those who would have been travelling on the tours."

However, you can still get involved with VJ Day celebrations in a socially responsible way.

While lockdown rules across the UK have relaxed, it's important to continue to follow the rules to keep the spread of the coronavirus as low as possible.

The VJ Day website from the government outlines a whole list of ways to celebrate the day.

The website states: "There are many ways you can get involved with VJ Day, either outdoors while following social distancing guidance, or online."

These are some of the ideas that the government suggests:

- Discover your WW2 history using online resources to discover your local and family WW2 histories and connections

- Find your local memorial

- Check out the government's dedicated toolkit complete with resources and branding for your at home activities, including messages of remembrance

- Join the Premier League Academies in marking VJ Day 75 by sending paper cranes to Big Ideas, where they will be assembled into a paper wreath to be laid at the Children's Peace Monument in the Hiroshima Memorial Peace Park

- At 11am, a National Two Minute Silence led by the Prince of Wales, which will take place at the National Memorial Arboretum

- The Red Arrows will conduct flypasts over Edinburgh, Belfast and Cardiff and will conclude their tour of the UK over London

- VJ Day 75: The Nation's Tribute will be broadcast on BBC One between 8:30pm and 10pm

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Here's what you need to know about the 75th anniversary of VJ Day - and how it's being celebrated in 2020

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VJ Day celebrations in 1945 (Photo: IWM) This year marks the 75th anniversary of VJ Day, when Japan surrendered from World War Two, marking the end of the conflict. When is VJ Day? Victory over Japan Day takes place every year on August 15 in the UK and this year celebrations will be a little different due to the coronavirus pandemic.Here's what you need to know.