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Located mental processes in the brain, gave an idea of the Brain Hypothesis

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Said that our mental processes are located in the heart

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Human rationality is originated in the brain

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Humans have the largest brain, but has the function of "cooling down blood", while the heart is the source of mental processes.

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Described aspects of the brain anatomy, as well for the consequences in behavior if there is brain damage.

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Behavior is influenced by our mind (inmaterial) and body (material).

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Franz Josef Gall (1828) & Johann Casper Spurzheim (1832) 

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Franz Josef Gall (1828) & Johann Casper Spurzheim (1832) 

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Proposed the phrenological theory, which refers that different parts of the brain have unique and separate functions.

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Discovered that not every part of the brain is strictly related to a unique and separate function

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He found the brain language area (left hemisphere) and gave birth to the lateralization theory (some functions are dependent on one side of the brain).

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Alfred Russell Wallace (1913) and Charles Darwin (1892) 

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Alfred Russell Wallace (1913) and Charles Darwin (1892) 

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Proposed the materialism perspective, which refers that our behavior is merely influenced by our nervous system.

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Located the sensory pathway for hearing and its relations to the parietal lobe.

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Gustav Theodor Fristsch (1929) and Eduard Hitzig (1907) 

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Gustav Theodor Fristsch (1929) and Eduard Hitzig (1907) 

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Discovered that stimulation in the cortex produced certain behaviors.

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Discovered that the removal of a cortex area affects other functions to some extent.

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Used a technique that allowed scientists to visualize the parts and processes of a neuron.

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He rejected Golgis theory about the "axonic net" between neurons.

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He proposed that neurons are connected by a process called synapses, in which they release chemicals to influence between them.

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Tallal, P. (1982). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology: by Bryan Kolb and Ian Q. Whishaw, WH Freeman. ISBN 0716712799.