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Important Agencies & Programs under the UN System
Agency | Acronym | HQ | Founding Year
United Nations Environment Programme | UNEP | Nairobi, Kenya | 1972
United Nations Children’s Fund | UNICEF | New York, USA | 1946
United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | New York, USA | 1967
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR | Geneva, Switzerland | 1950
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | UNODC | Vienna, Austria | 1997
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute | UNICRI | Turin, Italy | 1968
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction | UNDRR | Geneva, Switzerland | 1999
United Nations Development Programme | UNDP | New York, USA | 1965
United Nations University | UNU | Tokyo, Japan | 1972
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development | UNCTAD | Geneva, Switzerland | 1964
International Atomic Energy Agency | IAEA | Vienna, Austria | 1957
United Nations Human Settlement Programme | UN-Habitat | Nairobi, Kenya | 1978
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS | UNAIDS | Geneva, Switzerland | 1994
World Food Programme | WFP | Rome, Italy | 1961
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | OHCHR | Geneva, Switzerland | 1993

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United Nations Specialized Agencies
Agency | Acronym | Headquarters | Founding Year
Food and Agriculture Organization | FAO | Rome, Italy | 1945
International Telecommunication Union | ITU | Geneva, Switzerland | 1865 (Joined UN in 1947)
International Fund for Agricultural Development | IFAD | Rome, Italy | 1977
International Labour Organization | ILO | Geneva, Switzerland | 1946
International Maritime Organization | IMO | London, United Kingdom | 1948
International Monetary Fund | IMF | Washington, United States | 1945
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | UNESCO | Paris, France | 1946
World Health Organization | WHO | Geneva, Switzerland | 1948
United Nations Industrial Development Organization | UNIDO | Vienna, Austria | 1966
International Civil Aviation Organization | ICAO | Montreal, Canada | 1944
World Intellectual Property Organisation | WIPO | Geneva, Switzerland | 1967
Universal Postal Union | UPU | Bern, Switzerland | 1874
United Nations World Tourism Organization | UNWTO | Madrid, Spain | 1974
World Meteorological Organisation | WMO | Geneva, Switzerland | 1950
World Bank Group | WBG | Washington, D.C, USA | 1944

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Formation | 26 September 1999 (23 years ago)
2008 (heads-of-state/heads-of-government summits)
Purpose | Bring together systemically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss key issues in the global economy.vision of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth, One Family, One Future)
Troika:Past(Bali,Ind), Present(India),Future(RIo,Brz)

Membership

| show20 members

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The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.

The ICJ is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which was established by the League of Nations in 1920.

The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).

15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.

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The main organs of the UN are

1. the General Assembly,

2. the Security Council,

3. the Economic and Social Council,

4. the Trusteeship Council,

5. the International Court of Justice,

6. and the UN Secretariat.

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It has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.

The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states, consisting of five permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly on a regional basis.

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The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.

All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the only UN body with universal representation.

Each year, in September, the full UN membership meets in the General Assembly Hall in New York for the annual General Assembly session, and general debate, which many heads of state attend and address.

President Csaba Korosi

Headquarters - New York, United States

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A Specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health

Headquarters | Geneva, Switzerland
Head | Tedros Adhanom (Director-General)

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Purpose | Promote international monetary co-operation, facilitate international trade, foster sustainable economic growth, make resources available to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties, prevent and assist with recovery from international financial crises

Managing Director | Kristalina Georgieva

First Deputy Managing Director | Gita Gopinath

Chief Economist | Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas

Membership | 190 countries

Headquarters | Washington, D.C., U.S.

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The Inter-Governmental Technical Working Group reviews the technical issues at the Food and Agriculture Organization and also advises the organizations on key decisions. India will hold the position of Vice Chairperson at the 12th session of the group. The ITWG is to meet at Rome in January 2023 and discuss animal genetic resources. USA is the Chair of the session. Along with India, other countries will also hold the Vice Chair position. They are Spain, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tonga, and Brazil.
Mr. Bhupendra Nath Tripathi is to represent India and hold these positions.

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The QUAD, known as the ‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue’ (QSD), is an informal strategic forum comprising four nations, namely — United States of America (USA), India, Australia and Japan

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was the first to pitch the idea for the formation of QUAD in 2007.

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It’s a Eurasian political, economic and military organization aiming to maintain peace, security and stability in the region.

It was created in 2001.

The SCO Charter was signed in 2002, and entered into force in 2003.

India and Pakistan became members in 2017.

On 17th September, 2021, it was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.

Membership:

Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan and Iran.

The official working language of the SCO Secretariat is Russian and Chinese.

Headquarters: Beijing, China

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India has been elected as the external auditor to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a prestigious institution that promotes peaceful use of nuclear energy, for a period of six years from 2022 to 2027 after beating Germany and the United Kingdom among other counties.

India's Comptroller and Auditor General GC Murmu was selected as the external auditor of IAEA.

India was the IAEA external auditor from 2012 to 2015.

Recently, the 65th annual regular session of the IAEA General Conference was held from September 20 to 24 in Vienna.

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India signs Host Country Agreement with the ITU

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India signs Host Country Agreement with the ITU

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WTSA is a four-yearly global conference of ITU dedicated to standardisation of the Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs).

India has proposed to host the next WTSA to be held in 2024.

The Host Country Agreement provides the legal and financial framework for establishment and operations of the Area Office.

About ITU

Headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland), International Telecommunication Union is the United Nations specialised agency for information and communication technologies – ICTs.

ITU currently has a membership of 193 countries and over 900 private-sector entities and academic institutions.

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The Shanghai Cooperation Meet is to be held in August 2023 under India’s chairmanship. 2023 is India’s year as the country is hosting two major international meets the SCO and the G-20.

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IMF 4.7 billion USD support program for Bangladesh

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IMF 4.7 billion USD support program for Bangladesh

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The Bangladesh Government has been facing several macroeconomic issues. The country holds a huge current account deficit.To help Bangladesh recover from these economic stresses, the International Monetary Fund recently sanctioned a 4.7 billion USD loan to the country.

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Quad Nations launch Quad Cyber Challenge

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Quad Nations launch Quad Cyber Challenge

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The QUAD Countries India, Australia, the US, and Japan recently launched the Quad Cyber Challenge. The main objective is to improve cyber security in the four countries. It is basically a competition. Any internet user from the Indo-Pacific region can participate in the challenge. National Security Council will be the Indian representative at the QUAD in implementing the challenge.

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The India-ASEAN Digital Ministers Meeting was recently held in New Delhi. It was held virtually. The theme of the meeting was “Synergy towards a Sustainable Digital Future”. The main objective of the meeting was to enhance the strength between India and ASEAN in the field of IT.

In 2022, India celebrated ASEAN India Friendship Year.

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On the sidelines of the G20 meeting, Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable is to be held in Bengaluru. The event will discuss issues that are obstructing the debt restructuring processes. It will be co-chaired by IMF and World Bank along with India (the 2023 President).

What is Sovereign debt?

It is the debt the government of a country owes to a financial organization. This includes both domestic and foreign financial organizations.

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EU bans Russian oil, gas + diesel car sales from 2035

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EU bans Russian oil, gas + diesel car sales from 2035

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Recently, the EU banned the import of Russian oil to into its member countries.The G7 countries have agreed to increase the prices of oil from Russia.(US, Italy, Germany, France, Britain, Japan, and Canada.)

Apart from Ukraine, other countries like Montenegro (applied in 2010), Serbia (2012), Albania (2014), North Macedonia (2005), ad Turkey (1999) applied for EU candidacy.
The European Union recently passed a law to reduce emissions. Under the law, the commission will ban the sale of diesel and gas cars by 2035. Sale is to be banned only in the EU. The manufacturers can still make the cars and sell them in other countries! However, the cost of production is to be increased.

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List of International Organizations of which India Is Member

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List of International Organizations of which India Is Member

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International Organization | Headquarters | Year of Foundation
AALCO - Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization | New Delhi | 1956
ADB - Asian Development Bank | Manila, Philippines  | 1956
AfDB - African Development Bank (non-regional members) | Tunis, Tunisia | 1964
AG - Australia Group | Brussels, Belgium | 1985
ASEAN Regional Forum - The Association of Southeast Asian Nations | Jakarta, Indonesia | 1967
BIMSTEC - Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation | Dhaka, Bangladesh | 1997
BIS - Bank for International Settlements | Basel, Switzerland | 1930
BRICS - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa | Shanghai, China | 2006
CoN - Commonwealth of Nations | London, UK | 1931
CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research  | Geneva, Switzerland | 1954
CP - Colombo Plan | Colombo, Srilanka | 1950
EAS - East Asia Summit | Colombo, Sri Lanka | 1950
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Rome, Itlay | 1945
G-15 - Group of 15 | Geneva, Switzerland | 1989
G-20 - Group of 20 | Cancun, Mexico | 1999
G-77 - Group of 77 | New York | 1964
IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency | Vienna, Austria | 1957
IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) | Washington DC, US | 1944
ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization | Montreal, Canada | 1944
ICC - International Chamber of Commerce | Paris, France | 1919
IDA - International Development Association | Washington DC | 1950
IEA - International Energy Agency | Paris, France | 1974
IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development | Rome, Italy | 1977
IFC - International Finance Corporation | Washington DC, US | 1956
ILO - International Labour Organization | Geneva, Switzerland | 1919
IMF - International Monetary Fund | Washington DC, US | 1945
IMO - International Maritime Organization | London, UK | 1948
IMSO - International Mobile Satellite Organization | London, UK | 1999
Interpol - International Criminal Police Organization | Lyon, France | 1923
IOC - International Olympic Committee | Lausanne, Switzerland | 1894
IPEEC - International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation | Paris, France | 2009
ISO - International Organization for Standardization | Geneva, Switzerland | 1947
ITSO - International Telecommunications Satellite Organization | Washington DC | 1964
ITU - International Telecommunication Union | Geneva, Switzerland | 1864
ITUC - International Trade Union Confederation (the successor to ICFTU (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions) and the WCL (World Confederation of Labour)) | Brussels, Belgium | 2006
MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime | Japan | 1987
NAM - Non-Aligned Movement | Jakarta, Indonesia | 1961
OPCW - Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | Hague, Netherland | 1997
PCA - Permanent Court of Arbitration | Hague, Netherland | 1899
PIF - Pacific Islands Forum (partner) | Suva, Fiji | 1971
SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | Kathmandu, Nepal | 1985
SACEP  - South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme | Colombo, Sri Lanka | 1982
SCO - Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (member) | Beijing, China | 1996
UN - United Nations | New York | 1945
UNAIDS  - United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS | New York | 1994
UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation | Paris, France | 1946
WHO- World Health Organization | Geneva, Switzerland | 1948

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Tricks to remember the Headquarters and Organizations name

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Tricks to remember the Headquarters and Organizations name

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International organizations | Headquarters
United Nations Organisation | New York, USA
United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) | New York, USA
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) | New York, USA
UN Women | New York, USA
United Nations Security Council (UNSC) | New York, USA
International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Washington DC, United States
World Bank Group (WBG) | Washington DC, United States
World Health Organisation (WHO) | Geneva, Switzerland
International Labour Organisation | Geneva, Switzerland
International Committee of the Red Cross | Geneva, Switzerland
World Trade Organisation | Geneva, Switzerland
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) | Geneva, Switzerland
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | Geneva, Switzerland
International Organization for Standardization | Geneva, Switzerland
UNAIDS | Geneva, Switzerland
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) | Paris, France
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) | Paris, France
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) | Vienna, Austria
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) | Vienna, Austria
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | Vienna, Austria
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) | London, United Kingdom
Commonwealth of Nations | London, United Kingdom
Amnesty International | London, United Kingdom
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) | Rome, Italy
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) | Brussels, Belgium
Universal Postal Union | Berne, Switzerland
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) | Jakarta, Indonesia
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) | Queenstown, Singapore
Transparency International | Berlin, Germany
International Renewable Energy Agency | Abu Dhabi (UAE)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | Kathmandu, Nepal
Organization of Islamic Cooperation | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation | Ebene, Mauritius
Worldwide Fund for Nature | Gland, Switzerland
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry | North Carolina
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | The Hague, The Netherlands
International Olympic Committee | Lausanne, Switzerland
World Economic Forum | Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) | Gland, Switzerland
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) | Paris, France
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) | Nairobi, Kenya
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) | Geneva, Switzerland
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) | Vienna, Austria
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) | Turin, Italy
UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) | Geneva, Switzerland
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) | Montreal, Canada
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | New York, USA
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) | Rome, Italy
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) | Geneva, Switzerland
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) | Madrid, Spain
United Nations University (UNU) | Tokyo, Japan
International Court of Justice (ICJ) | The Hague, Netherlands
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) | Geneva, Switzerland
UN-Habitat | Nairobi, Kenya
World Food Programme (WFP) | Rome, Italy
UN-OHRLLS | New York, USA
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) | Geneva, Switzerland
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) | Geneva, Switzerland
World Trade Organization |  Geneva, Switzerland

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World Organization of the Scout Movement

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World Organization of the Scout Movement

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Scouts and Guides Scouting is a worldwide organised
movement for young people started by an Englishman,
Lt. Gen. Sir Robert Baden-Powell in 1907.

HQ: Geneva, Switzerland
Secretary-General: Ahmad Alhendawi(youngest)

A similar movement for girls – the Girl Guide Movement –
was founded by Baden Powell and his sister Agnes in 1910.

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International Committee of Red Cross was founded in
1863 on advocacy of J. H. Dunant. It is an international
society for relief of suffering in times of war or disaster.
Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1917, 1944 and 1963.

HQ: Geneva, Switzerland
President: Mirjana Spoljaric Egger(2022)

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A world-wide human rights organisation with headquarters
in London. The organisation was established on May 28,
1961, by the British lawyer Peter Berenson. It won the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1977.

HQ: London, United Kingdom
Secretary-General: Dr Agnès Callamard

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South Asian Association for RegionalCooperation (SAARC)

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South Asian Association for RegionalCooperation (SAARC)

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The SAARC comprises of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal and Pakistan. It was
launched following the Dhaka (Dacca) Summit in 1985.

HQ: Kathmandu, Nepal.
Secretary-General: Golam Sarwar

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Created in 1960, OPEC attempts to set world oil prices
by controlling oil production. It has 12 member countries:

HQ: Vienna, Austria.
Secretary-General: Haitham Al Ghais

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Established in 1945, it has 21 member countries.
HQ: Cairo, Egypt
Secretary-General: Ahmed Aboul Gheit

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Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

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Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

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Established in 1971, it has 56 members including PLO.
HQ: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Secretary-General: Mr. Hissein Brahim Taha

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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)

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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)

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Established in 1949. Members are Belgium, France,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, UK, Canada, Denmark,
Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, USA, Turkey, Germany,
Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, and Greece.

HQ: Brussels, Belgium.
Secretary-General: Jens Stoltenberg.

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International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol) was
created in 1950 to promote mutual assistance among all
police authorities within the limits of the law existing in
the different countries.

HQ: Lyon, France.
Secretary General: Jurgen Stock

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Established in 1985, G-7 is an organisation of seven
major industrial democracies. Members are Canada,
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and
United States of America, Russia joined it later. In I998,
the name was changed to G-8 until the expulsion of Russia in 2014.
49th G7 summit: Japan, 50th G7 Summit: Italy
The 2022 summit was the first summit for German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. It was also the last summit for British Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

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The European parliament is the directly elected
parliamentary body of European union. The parliament is
composed of 785 MEPs [Member of European parliament].

HQ: Strasbourg, France
President: Ursula von der Leyen

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The Commonwealth is an organisation of nations
and dependencies that were once part of the former
British Empire. There are 54 members. The British
Monarch is the symbolic head of the Commonwealth.
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meet (CHOGM)
has become an important international event.

HQ: London.
Secretary-General: Patricia Janet Scotland

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Known as the European Community (EC) until 1994 - the collective designation of three organisations with
common membership: the European Economic
Community (Common Market), the European Coal and
Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy
Community (Euratom). There are currently 27 countries
in EU.

HQ: Brussels, Belgium.
Secretary General: Ursula von der Leyen

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

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The ASEAN is a regional organisation formed by the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Singapore and Thailand through the Bangkok Declaration which was signed in 1967. Its aim is to accelerate economic progress and maintain economic stability of South East Asia.

Members in addition to the above four are: Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and
Vietnam.

HQ: Jakarta, Indonesia.
Secretary-General: Kao Kim Hourn(Aug23)

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The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate the economic development of countries in Asia. It has 68 member countries-49 are from within Asia and the Pacific and 19 outside.

In June 1974, ADB launched the Asian Development Fund (ADF) with a view to providing concessional credits to needy members.

HQ: Manila, Philippines.

President: Masatsugu Asakawa(2020)

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Members (21): Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Ja pan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pap ua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, the U.S. and Vietnam.

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was founded in 1989 to further Cooperation on trade and investment be tween nations of the region and the rest of the world.

Headquarters: Singapore.

The heads of government of all APEC members except Taiwan attend an annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting.

Last Meeting- 2022 | 29th meeting| 18–19 November |  Thailand | Bangkok | Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha

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- The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent.
- It was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa, with the aim of replacing the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).
- The most important decisions of the AU are made by the Assembly of the African Union, a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and governments of its member states. The AU's secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa.

Morocco is the only African country that is not a member of the AU.

HQ- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Chairman- President Azali Assoumani of the Union of Comoros