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50 Fearless Women Who Made American History 

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50 Fearless Women Who Made American History 

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This book gives a short 2-3 page recap of important women in American history. It includes several prominent figures as well as lesser known women. Each section has the woman's name, birth and death dates (if they are no longer living), a one sentence descriptor of what she is known for, and a 1-3 page account of her historical significance. There is also a brief historical timeline at the end of each section detailing what is going on in the local region- providing some historical context.

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Duckster- Online resource for biographies of historical figures 

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Duckster- Online resource for biographies of historical figures 

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https://www.ducksters.com/biography/women_leaders/

Students can browse well known historical figures and use the links to lead to brief biographies for each of them.
This site will need a bit of guidance for readers through this unit as it features historical women that are not American; though their contributions on the global scale are noteworthy, the focus of this unit is on women who shaped American history.

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Kids learn about the biography and life of various women leaders from Cleopatra VII to Margaret Thatcher.

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Epic! Book Collection on Women in American History 

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Epic! Book Collection on Women in American History 

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https://www.getepic.com/collection/31802429/women-in-american-history?utm_source=t2t&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=collection&share=42475975313

This is a collection of books I personally curated from the Epic Books library selection. It encompasses books about women in various male-dominated fields that have made/are making an impact. There are also biographies, and other non-fiction resources are various trailblazing women.

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Built on a collection of 40,000+ popular, high-quality books from 250+ of the world's best publishers, Epic safely fuels curiosity and reading confidence for kids 12 and under.

Get Started

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online access fun thousands children great kids ebooks books

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Women in American history Book Collection on Epic

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Built on a collection of 40,000+ popular, high-quality books from 250+ of the world's best publishers, Epic safely fuels curiosity and reading confidence for kids 12 and under. Get Started

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Collection of Videos on important women in American history 

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Collection of Videos on important women in American history 

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https://www.getepic.com/collection/31802465/videos-women-in-american-history?utm_source=t2t&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=collection&share=42475975313

Personally curated collection of videos about important women in American history. 11 different videos appropriate for second and third grade children to learn about the impact of individual women on American history.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Built on a collection of 40,000+ popular, high-quality books from 250+ of the world's best publishers, Epic safely fuels curiosity and reading confidence for kids 12 and under.

Get Started

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
online access fun thousands children great kids ebooks books

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Videos- Women in American history Book Collection on Epic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Built on a collection of 40,000+ popular, high-quality books from 250+ of the world's best publishers, Epic safely fuels curiosity and reading confidence for kids 12 and under. Get Started

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https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss11973.077_0583_0604/?st=gallery
A collection of news articles from 1896 detailing Clara Barton's various efforts to bring medical supplies to soldiers, help found the American Red Cross and her travels to other countries.

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The Library of Congress provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes and makes no warranty with regard to their use for other purposes. The written permission of the copyright owners and/or holders of other rights (such as publicity and/or privacy rights) is required for distribution, reproduction, or other use of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use or other statutory exemptions. There may be content that is protected as "works made for hire" (copyright held by the party that commissioned the original work) and/or under the copyright or neighboring-rights laws of other nations. Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item. See Legal Notices and Privacy and Publicity Rights for additional information and restrictions.

The Library of Congress would like to learn more about these materials and to hear from individuals or institutions having any additional information. Please contact us through our Ask A Librarian service.

Preferred Citation

Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information:
Clara Barton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Availability of Reproductions

To inquire about reproductions of Manuscript Division items found in American Memory, contact the Library of Congress Duplication Services.

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Clara Barton Papers: Red Cross File, 1863-1957; American National Red Cross, 1878-1957; Relief operations; Armenia and Turkey; Newspaper clippings; 1896, Sept.-1897, Nov., undated

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Nellie Bly and her race around the world

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Nellie Bly and her race around the world

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https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1890-01-25/ed-4/seq-1/
Reproduction of an article detailing Nellie Bly's journey around the globe. Highlights welcome home speech: "The American Girl will no longer be misunderstood. She will be recognized as pushing, determined, independent, able to take care of herself alone and single-handed wherever she may go."

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Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1777-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress. Learn more

. 1" 1 1 "I ' I HI Jlllilfli in ; in rm . in mini ii " mmmmm 11 JgTTiTTTTnilllllM
PRICE OiVE CENT. NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JAJNTAKV gfi, 181)0. " PRICE OwiTcKiNT. j
. oS 17 U 353 O O PST T 1 IDST E3 TT "2? ! fl
J The Route of Nellie Bly on the Homestretch of the Great Around -the-Wo rid Race Against Time. 9
SAH rRANCISCa. HOME. TIIE NEEDLES. WMAW. ALBUQOEEQIJE. US VTQA3. LA IU5TA. FLORENCE. EP0R!A. TOrEU. KANSAS CITY. CHICAGO. riTOBm (Jersey City ) ncW YOnK " 4M
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JAN St. JAN. 21. JAN. 22. JAN, 2.'. JAN. 2J. JAN. 2 JAN. 20. JAN. 2.1 JAN, 21 JAN. 24 JAN 23. JAN -3. '31
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OBth PAY. (En(lu.4o.30A..i.TAn. 21.) i S9th PAY. (Hn.la n.-io.no a. m. Jn. 2. 7Qth DAY. Kn.l h.40.ioa. m. Jan. an.) 7 I at PAY, (llmls .4o.;io .. ., .tan. 2t.) I 72tl DAY. Olndn i.4o.uo a.sm. jm. sn.j I 73cl PAY. JHJ
WELCOME!
Nellie Bly Arrives Safely
: at Jersey City at
3,51 P. M.
Salvos of" Artillery Announce
the End of Her Journey.
in Immense Crowd Throngs
the Station to Greet Her.
Officially Welcomed by
Mayor Cleveland.
-
The Utile Lady's Triumphal Jour
ney Through Her Native State,
dial ions at Pittsbnrg, Harrlsbnrg,
Lancaster aid Philadelphia.
Clasped Onco More in Hor Anx
ious Mother's Arms.
Tho Globe Girdled in 72 Days 6
Hours 10 Minutes.
jlloriouj Success Crowns 'The
.t-SYorId'i,V Great Enterprise.
Boom I Boom!
Cannon answers Cannon.
A.litUe woman has alighted in the Jersey
City Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad,
ifter journey of 28, 000 miles.
She liai circumnavigated the globe with,
at escort, and wttb bat a little band-bag of
necessaries and the one plain nary blue
gown which ibe wore on the bright morning
of Not. 14, when the (ailed away on the
teamablp Angnita Victoria.
No chieftain retaining from a tour of
conquest ever received ft more royal welcome.
ne mammoth itrnctnra of the railway
company wai crowded to the very bridge) of
the ferries, or every road teemed to lead to
this point to-day, and there wero fully
15,000 people gathered to welcome the
pluoky mite of womanhood that had en
circled the earth and the aca.
Among thoie catbored to meet Nellie Bly
were the following from Jeraey City ;
, Mayor Cleveland. Chief of Police Murphy,
' ex-Chief. Nathsu, ex-Alderman John 11.
Ceb'o, Guitavui Metzler, Deputy Treasurer
George J. McAneny, Charles N. Perveil,
L. P. Dimmlck.: O. W, Holden, ex-Police
Commiaaioner John Smith, Thomas N.
Water. Alfred D. Weygaut, William Atklu.
aoo, Commissioner of the Board of Works
Charles Somers, Frank Smith, Senator
Brliikerlioff and their wives, slaters and
-laughter.
Oapt. Fftrrior, of the First Jersey City Pre
cinct, with Eergt. Carrol), Baundsman Hop
kins and twcntv-tlvo stalwart blue-coats
were not strong enough to keep
:he enthiiiiastie, hurrahing, shouting
i crowd back, and Miss Biy and her escort bad
' great Oifliculty iq forcing their way through
the crowd.
When the fair traveller stepped from
11 steps or the lis n three gentlemen with
stop watch, such t&a running time)
AHEAD OF TIME.
of horses Is decided by, touched the stops
and announced tho exact time of her arrival
and her achievement of the title of " Cir
cumnavigator. "
The timekeepers were Georgo A. Avery
and C.C.' Hughes, of the Manhattan Athletic
Clob,nd BobertStoU, of tho'Now Vort
Athletic Club.
When the train began (lowly to onter'vho
long, arched depot the assembled multi
tudes sent up cheer after cheer, and when
the lithe little traveller stepped lirthtly
from tho train it wan into the very arms
of ft surging crowd.
One of them managed to throw a basket of
roses and callas to Miss Bly. It was a lady,
Mrs. Mary E. Itemseo. of Brooklyn.
The cheers grew lender and louder, and
there seemed to be danger of the roofs rais
ing from the depot.
It was nine minutes of four o'clock
when both of Nellie Bly'a bootines touched
the platform and the watches were stopped,
making the length of her trip aronnd the
worlJ 72 days, o hoars, 10 minutes.
Miss Bly was escorted out noon the ferry
platform, where thousands who could
not by hook or crook gain a pawnee
beyond the depot gates crushed upon each
other to get a glimpse of the pretty whlto
face set In black wavy hair.
There were three carriages waiting hero
for Miss Bly and her escort, and here, too,
was Mayor Orestes Cloveland, of Jersey
City.
Mayor Cleveland, looking more than ever
like the late Henry Ward Beecher, alighted
from bis carriage and. dolling the big black
soft bat, smiled with benevolence- and
geniality as he addressed, as follows, tho
young womau, who was on the point of
stepping into the carriage provided for her
and ber mother,
"Welcome home I
" On behalf of millions of people who have
watched your progress aronnd the globe
as noted In the press of every civilized coon
try and espeoially on behalf of tho people
of the United StaUs, I give yon a hearty
welcome.
Tbe American Olrl wil) no longer be
misunderstood. She will be recognized as
pnshing, determined, independent,, able to
take care of berself slope 'ami single
handed wherever she maygov
"Yon have added another spark to the
great beacon-llgbt of American liberty, that
is leading the people of other nations in the
grand march of civilization and progress,
" Pausing rapidly by them, you have cried
out In a language they could all understand.
jTonvsrdl' snd you have made it the
wakhwordof 1800. The American people
from every part of this great and glorious
country, shouted back to you, 'Forward!
and Ood speed you on your wonderful
march.'
"Orcat progress has been made In the
history of mankind slues you left home.
" Forward!' cri;d the people of Brazil
two days af tsr you started. ' Forward I 'cry
the people of Portugal at this very moment,
sud ' Forward !' comes the cry of the rootless
and toilirg roasies from every quarter of the
globu.
"'Forward' is the very essence and
spirit of the age and times in which we live.
"Iu that spirit you have carried safely
and srleudidlr the Interests of a gicat
newspaper more than twenty-five thousand
miles uxtr sea and la-d;. but there is some
thing higher and greater as a result of your
achievement than the interests of a tingle
euterpriic.
" People the world over have been tauibt
that they are not so far apart as they bad
Imagined, and that is ft great lesson, you I
bsro set the whole world to thinking sboot
it, and so have brought mankind nearor to
gether. Tell that wonderful new Wonui yon now
represent to float out upon tho breeze, upon
the top of the flag that shall riso over the
maguiflcent home it is building for its fit.
ture abiding-place, your own cry and watch
word. :;Forward'"for us all ta. catch its
dally Impulse. "
, ' That word represents the spirit and pur
pose of their own vast enterprise. New
Jersey greets von. The city I represent
greets and welcomes you home. "
Tho den.o crowd could hardly bo
qnlst during Mayor Cleveland's re
marks, and when he had
ceased speaking their shouts were deafening,
and it was some time before the police could
clear the way for the passsge of the car
riages to the ferry-boat that was to bring
them to New York.
And when Nellie Bly reached Park
Itow she found that thoroughfare
packed from tho Post-Office to the Wobld
Building, and from Ann to Spruce street,
with a shouting populace, who had been
gathering there all the afternoon, In an
ticipation of her arrival.
Street cars were blockaded beyond
relief. for tho crowd would not
move an inch, and trucks that had
unfortunately driven into Park Bow and
were hemmed in tbero by the eager crowd,
were utilized by the crowd as standing
places, and every trank was crowded full of
men till tbe carriage bearing the heroine of
it all appei led, when shout was raised!
" Lone live Nellie Blyi" "Brave Nellie
Bly!" "The bravest of women!" and tho
like, and then tbe crowd rsrted gallantly
and roide passage for the carriage.
It ws 4.20 o'clock when Neilio Bly
alighted fn front of Tub Would office, and
it is not to her discredit to repeat that ber
first words were: "I am glad to be homo
again."
Tbe crowd in Park Bow stayed for an hour
cheering Nellie Blv and making their
demonstrations, while Miss Bly was tbe
centre of an enthnalastio welcoming party
of old fi lends in tho office.
BULLETINS OF HER JOURNEY.
News from Nolllo Bly at Important
Points Alonff tbo Road,
Iirsrtiis to the xvisruo wnnai
HiSBisBUBo.I'a., Jau. 23. 10.40 a. x.
Nellie Uly received an ovation here equal to
any over accorded a President. Tbe train
was exactly on time.
Lamcactib, Fa,, Jan. 23 11,45 i. x.
An immense crowd grcotcd Nellie Biy here
when tbe train arrived at 11.37, three min
ute, late. The oration exoeedej anything
eter seen here lafore.
pHiLADEtruu. Pa., Jan. 35. 1.30 r. m.
Ncllle Uly arrived in tbo Broad ttret
etstionfrom llarrisburg at l.tts.u. 'lho
depot waa packed with renpi walling
for a glance at 'Iue Would fair traMllcr.
Her mother and the welcoming party from
New York greeted her warmly.
I'UILAUrL.'.iu. Jan. .'", 1.43 r. M The
irain with Nellie Blr on board Jeft atl.'i.l
n.tead of 1.40, thus gain ng seven minutes
ceaay to make time to Jersry City,
Teu Dollar, for a Mmple Ji.ru.
Tb.SiTCUUiT l-mrr,. Oc.nl fml ,lorj lupar.
tild lot 3 c.au. A UJ't (aid watch ft... .
" V. X- 8." Hdck I.tcsrlce
lutsrUMr oUi4 L.jr d.il.r. u Ifel Mr? tail. .-
- m w 1 1. in
Obsvmatb cD.tlptiaa r.idli jl.Mi to lb.
r.sulwsuMtABiES'slaTXi.sI.ivtsr'm.a. .
Plpslms stomtchw.r qcicklf ccr4 tr Pr.
Sceti's tlw-lrio Piwtvn. -U a. Itsi uva,1 ol.io, .
To nccautallr ul spaa tb. lii.r ui bli. Uk.
s3!ldM4. CAorss'surrutl-ivsai'iLu. '.
Bud Jalx 'SVrn.'. Imi torr. "Uusisto.- u
NELLIE BLY'S RIDE
FURTHER THAN SHERIDAN'S.
Written bti Jfr. (Iroru llotv for Mr.
Jnmrm ,r, iliirdrff, lrio llttt RrrUo J I
(ii Chlttttrtng Unit TAIs Zrmina at
J, X, 1'htppt'i Cnctrl,
Up from Tark Bow one November day.
Bringing tho Extras to tipper Broadway
Tlio newsboys on their shoulders bore,
I.ll.o heralds In hasto, to tbo people's door.
Tbs New York World, telliug how and no
more
The "Angnsta Victoria, "bore away
On her deck Nelllo Bly, cheerful and gay.
For hor trip round the world, without atop
or stay.
And back to New York 'cro the eightieth ilav.
And the nowsboys "Extra "was heard near
snd far,
As they ilaihod cross the street into each
borsa car;
And londor yet Into Westchester rolled
Tho cry of the newsboy uncontrolled.
And many a Wobld that day was sold
Telling how Nelllo Bly sailed down the bay.
And was twenty-fito thousand miles away.
And so Nelllo Bly to the sea went down
And bado gond-by to thn busy town.
And soon to tho watchers In Highland Light
An ocean greyhound came Into sight
And parsed tliom by with eaglo's flight.
As if aba knew tbe precious freight
She had vowed to land not n moment lato.
And the anchor waa cast into Southampton
Bay,
With Nell twenty-two thousand miles away.
Across tho Channel, then thundering south
On a train like smoko from the cannon'a
mouth;
For Nellie resolved from her path to turn
For a moment's chat with the great Jules
Verne;
Then a prayer from the girl, and a prayer
from the master,
Asking Heaven to spare her any disaster;
Then aboard again, and tbe Iron steed's
snort
Told all Europe tbe precious load If brought
To Brindlsl. where lit Ihenfflns-'lsy '
A steamor, w(th each iron nerve at full play.
And Nell, nineteen thousand miles away.
Under he? flying feet the road
To the Fast like an Alpine river flowed.
For tbe Occident slowly faded behind.
And tho Orient's perfume came on the wind;
The steamer was swift-its shaft at each
turn
Made the Mediterranean's blue waters
churn
Port Said was passed-thon Suez astern.
On, on, swept tbe travoller down the Bed
Bes
With Horeb and Sinai in sight on the lea.
Through Babel-el-Mandel to far off Cathay,
And Nell seventeen thousand miles away.
But meanwhile at home. In city and town.
They wait for the Woblds that the mall
brings down,
And offer a prayer, crying: "Ood save each
ship
Bringing Nellie Bly home on her wonderfnl
trips
Then open the paper with trembling and
fear
To the picture of Nellie Bly girdling -the
sphere.
And read tbo good news, tbe best of the day.
That Nellie's arrived, and without a delay.
At t?ingapoie. twelve thousand miles away.
The eyes of tbe civilized world are on one,
'Neath the heat of the blazing equator's
sun;
While the fairest of travellers sticks to her
course,
Lit by the light cf the bright Southern
cross
On, pest the land of pepper and spice.
Land of Chutney and curry and everything
nice.
To the Ho very lend of tea, pigtails snd
rice;
Hope glsddons Nell's heart, for this Journey
is short.
And tbe land of whits elephants drifts fsr
sport.
Then Hong Kong la reached before Christ.
mas Bay,
With Nell only ten thousand miles away.
Japan is but touched by ber footfall sollght.
At Fniiyama a glance a wonderfnl sight
Fsrewell Yokohama, yonr port is tbe last
Of foreign ones touched at as Kallia Ttlr
paued;
For tho flag of her conntry now flies from
the mast
Of tbe ship bringing home onr venturesome
maid.
The whistle has Mown, tbe anchor Is
weighed;
The lend fades away in the gloom of the
night:
But (nou in the East breaks a welcoming
light.
And America headlands come Into sight;
On, on through the Golden Gate ere break
of day
Sails thu ship, amid shouting and cheering
io gay.
To "Frit co," but three thousand short
miles away.
Then across mighty mountain, across arid
plain.
Cornea Nellie Bly whirling eastward by
train,
And millions of voices sing onl, "Home
again!"
And Am.-rlca beats eiery record again.
Then hurrah for tbe girl who voaed ahe
woul I do
What Jules Verio did In ttory-that 'trip
wasn't true
But Nellio's was roil and in tetter time, too.
And hurrah for the paper whose great
enterprise
Caused all tbe earth's nations to open their
ejree;
On Nellie Bly'a pluck grest credit It lays.
But pay to Till Wobld your wealthiest
praiso
For a trip round the world -way Inside
eighty days.
ssglBasWtsiasssssssssssiF si ill -'-e
IN HER MOTHER'S ARMS.
Nellio's Arrival at Philadelphia-On
thet Lost Hundred Ulloa.
IsrcciAL TOTBCEvzxiiia woaLn.)
PaiLADiLriiu, Jsn. 25. It was an en
thusiastic party that Journeyed to Phil
adelphia to escort Nellie Bly homo.
Jersey people who had read in Tub
Wobld of ye.tcrday morning it the
escort expedition waited at the stations and
waved hats and handkerchiefs to the voy.
agers.
There were good things to eat and drink
on board. There were games of whist, and
between bauds the players guested at
the time of tbe little traveller's Journey,
If the train from Plttaburg was on time,
it was said. Miss Illy wonld L in Phllidel.
phis at 1.2S. That would give the New
York party an hour and a quarter in tho
Quaker rity.
From Newark a dispatch wa tent to
George Washington Child., asking leave to
visit the UajT office.
Miss CIt'b mother, a quiet little woman,
sat in the stateroom of the car
with Cora Linn Daniel', whose term
of welcome to Miss Bly appeared
In yesterday's Woai d. They were
visited by the gentlemen nf the parly, who !
tendered to the mother nf tbe little traveller i
hearty congratulations on the daughters
msrvel'ous journey, I
Philadelphia was reached in aeaton for a '
visit to thn Ltiigtr o'hco and a luuch at tbe
Bellerce. I
A great crowd was at the Broad it rent '
station at 1 o'olock, The train be a rim, !!hi
Bly was rt ported to be ou time.
The crowd surged up the platform as it
hove iu sight. j
The train came in on the nick of lime,
lltirt Jit)' car waa est oil and backed o i to '
the Nw York train. It imposs.Uio for
ber to cto. thevc.tioule platform.
Tbe crowd huuf to the train like a i. '
The mob catching sight of the voya,r at '
a window shrii-Lel for Mim Bly. but be :
remained iu tor car. The doors 1 ad to be '
locked, though. Aur seisblanco of orucr i
was Irop'utiblr. I
Tfce New York csrty passed into tho err
snd ntsrly orerwbe mned the lilt e laly -with
their greetings and cougrattla- :
tioos. The Electing between Jlt Bly I
and her mother wa. very electing. I
The elder lady trcuib.cd violently i
IsieEeslisilssMssMsl
and nearly fainted ai hor daughter caught
her In her arms and folded Iter in a long, 1
loving embrace. Word, were utiuccemry I
between tht.o two, who are all the world to '
each other.
Nelllo had no eyes for any one else thon.
filio nearly broke down liti-elf with emotion,
and while the tun mingled their tears of
gladness at tho reunion thcro was not a dry
eye in the car.
The Iraiu men all this tiira were attend
ing strictly to buslneis, and at l.iin the bell
was rung and the tram rolled anay for the
last hundred miles of the most wonderful
journey of modern time
OVATION AT HARRISBURG.
Cboerlntr Crowds and Beautiful
Floral Tributes Greet tho Flyer.
I.rrrul to ths rvrvita wosl-i.i
lUnuiMiuun, pa,, Jan. 2311 a. m, Nel
lie lilr arrived here on time, at 10.30,
She recelnd a niaguitlceut ovation. I
The demonstration was larger than wl su I
the President pasted through. Over 5.000
people, repicentatits I'ltUcns and their
wives, were m tbo crowd
li. Illy, who stood oil the rrar platform I
of the Pull-nan car, was cheer? I two dozen
timet, lho iKiiplo proi.ed forward, and
she shook haiubaith all she lould resell, ;
many of l.om tan two hundred jan'i alter
the tram .tilt r. aching up fur a hand grs.p. ,
Tho lieu .ml tr men tiled through the aitle
of the l'ullma'i and prtsenlel Ihe tinners.
A largo lloral iluir contained a ord in
frribcdasfolhiw' J
"To ellio Bly, the greatest traicllrr on
eanh. with romptimentnf thu Harri.bur
ism.tti v ireji.uu. May o l i.cur le uilh.
out aciin'ortabi' chair uleu ui dt.iit o '
miov a l-esruud rett."
A btiSitnf b i ' ha I thi. card attache 1: ,
"Coaip.iMLjiUanilcf.nsr4lulatn.miif the ,
Harm Inn: i'.("; 5f;r.p You hate ;
(!eiiuatratiil tl at the American url i i
plnck an Wt.l ai rritli, ,lul tLti.Uutly ,
ab e to tale oaro u( lum'f at Immc or :
abiozd, nhithir amid H w cud neurb.- i
math tag h.iu-x i n:i of the tropic- ' 1 1
Auot'icr Isrgc a-i 1 exqJiit bouqurt Lore '
a card fiom the ilarruLnrg Wbeelmcu. uith 1
their c inip.imeT. Ii
cllie ll.y it i ill. She !ooi,i bct'er ihin '
w en the Ic t 'c York te enty.tao d.y I
tS'X The res wiudt and mcuntaiu ar have
tanned her fcc ', but her vhrck. ar$
plumo an I i.o 'a iu tho bt or ulrltat j
ueanng tbe cad o' her lou.' jouruer, bhe c
nccopts the popular tribute modestly, and
has made a hundred thorn and friends
between here and Han Frauciscn. If she
could run for the Presidency within tho next
birty days the would get an overwhelming
vote along tho Pennsylvania line.
- i m in-
FIRST OF HER WELCOME.
A Party from New York: to Greet
Nellie at Philadelphia.
The Beatrice, a special Pnllman car,
started ont of tho Jersey City depot at 0. 15
this morniug,oer the FenusyvanU Hallway
carrying a welcoming party to meet Nellie
Blr at Philadelphia.
A score nf gentlemen and two ladles made
up the party, among them being Nelly Bly's
mother and Mrs. Cora Lion Panlels; Judge
Le'cester Holme, who went as Mayor (Irani'.
special rnvny, to liesr the personal con
gratulations nf ths busy municipal chief
magistrate; Be Lancey Nlcoll, Clark Bel),
Potmatir Van ('"It. Jo'm II. Watson, ex.
President o.r the Columbia Bank; James I),
Metcalfe, nf 1.1 rr; James B. Tnwnsend, of
the Pres News Association; Charles 8. Scan.
Ion, of the Cincinnati Ettqutirr; II, B. Mc
Dowell, of tho San 1'rancleco Examiner;
Allan I'orman. editor of tho Jcumalfsl;
George II, DicLinaou, of the Bottoti (llor;
K. U. Harper, or the Mutual Besirve Life
AMMH-istiou; John P. Jackson, J. J, Wal
ton, Baron Da Grimm, President nf tho
German Prees Association, and reporters
for Tub Wield.
Any ine ocoiuinted with Ntl'.io Bly would
bavo cxprlei ced no dilh'culty iu recoguiz
in.' In r mother m the great crowd of people
gatltrc-I rt tho Jencr City depot,
rihe s a small, delicate lady, past j
tut Idle sge, with the same soft,
wan- dark l.air. only tinted a little with
rra: tbe tame bright, quick, intelligent
Hit. and tbe tenia pca.cnt, alert fare J
familiar to tho-c wlij know NoMoBly, A I
ira tcir nnu ( make no mistake in pUkiuir I
nut the 1 ttle mother, cither, for there a ,
tsoft, hali.tfarfiil.butsuproaiel) bapnyex- !
preti i im the Uoj of tl U br ght-eyed lit.
lie or.in that a uuni-ttatab.e. 1,
"Oli." sail Ne.lU Blv's mother to an
EIvimso V.'osLD reporter, "I aai mj happy! j
io harp; that NeUie is so near home again.
Irs. it bait een lore ome without her. She i
s alt 11. at I litre,
"I am tiauWnl fist ber voyage has been
io furtcnate throughout; that t o seoldeut
BXOKS "BSIWIBH TUB ACTS"-.! Votfco
lt!H H...U-..!cri4ts4U.).'.h.tJL, ,'
haa happened anywhere the wido world .iijB
'round to barm my daughter." 'HH
She received the hearty worJs of congra 'Jll
ulation from a hundred reopls with a su- LH
premely happy smile, but she waa too agt wSI
tated by impatlcut expectation to speak ifH
more than a word, and that word was grate- XszsB
fnl in the eitreme. 1avB
When tbo stsn was really made the frail jfel
mother settled down in her easy chair with wfl
a contented sigh, and waited. 1)1
A desnatch was received by na of tbe v'-JB
newspaper men on the train from John jnI
Montgomery Ward and Ned Hanlon of ths 'H
Ball-Players' League saving that they should ?B
endeavor to loin the Nelly Biy party this ?JiaTtVl
afternoon and be a part of the escort to ths Tl
fair circumnavigator on tbe homestretch. XH
THE ITINERARY BEATEIt. $M
Schedule of Her Journey as Planned 3H
and as Actually Performed, Hal
Following is the itinerary nubUahed in Jttzsl
Tub WobidNov. 14. the day or Mis Bly'a 9
departure! Sl
Nor. 14-Leave New York by stsamthlp fVoH
Angutta Victoria. 0.30 a. m, . AlsB
Nor. Ul Due Hiutbampton; London, by tflsH
rail iu three hours. ., UsH
Nor. 22-Leave Victoria Station, Lon- VtH
d n. a r. '. on India mail. aSH
Nor, 20 Talai'. l'aris. Turin. jfltH
Nov. 24-Briuttiti, at 10.14 r,. KssVl
Snr. 23, Leate Brindlti, tteamsbip IkaH
Cathay. 2 a. n. MaH
Nuv. 27 Itmailia, SlaTtVI
lire, :i Aden. .QisB
Dec- 10 Ctiiombo, Ceylon. Vlzfl
Det'. ii I'tiuinr. HllH
Dec. in Mngaiwre.
Die. 25 Jlonit Kuu7 SH
Dec. 28 Leave Uoug Kong for Yoko- JILH
bams. tMbbiI
Jan. 7 Leave Yokohama for ban Fran 4aUH
ci-coby tteaui.bip Oceanic. JVixB
Jat . "i Hut at Sau Francisco. SH
Jan. 3 f Duo ttt T'uu W oaj.u ofilce in New "V zH
t ofk. AH
..Nov. 14 to Jan. 37-New York to Nev Mmi
jcrt 73 dart. aUBssl
Nellie Bly sailed at exactly 0. 4 0,no o clock Sm
in the moiningor .Nov. 14, jrom lloboktu, aiH
0:1 the AiwutUMctt-lli. TIsbssI
Aiur a stormy patsage sbe arrived at tscsissl
S.mthtmt liii at - a. m., Nt. l, 4H
Comttiu with thu 10 t-o.iUe "iwchiL 'SsbbsI
' 1-1 Blr itached IjwiiIo.i toou atter S ''iM
aVIo7ktbettciv Lioriiii'g. 'itsaH
lutUeiloI nviiui: for The India ruaU at 3 .H
r. 11.. Mi-B vstsrietl ttcholi.ijr. earl er, H
Liy tho tidal xw via I'o. ia-n lc, mill cuule JH
t dtou. to Amicus, iruuro iu nwi a p ram 'M
tut tuteniew w th Jnlea rje- Una thsn 'H
Continue! tu out tk t.uf r.l H
CUTTENBUHC RACING H
on tho fourth Paso. WM

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The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, January 25, 1890, NELLIE BLY EXTRA. SPORTING EXTRA., Image 1

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Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1777-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress. Learn more .

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Amelia Earhart first female pilot to cross the Atlantic Ocean solo 

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Amelia Earhart first female pilot to cross the Atlantic Ocean solo 

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https://pioneersofflight.si.edu/content/amelia-earhart-solos-atlantic#:~:text=On%20May%2020%E2%80%9321%2C%201932,later%20near%20Londonderry%2C%20Northern%20Ireland.

Brief story of Amelia Earhart. Also includes some images and a video from 1932 of Earhart preparing to depart on her transatlantic journey.

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On May 20-21, 1932, Earhart became the first woman-and the only person since Charles Lindbergh-to fly nonstop and alone across the Atlantic. Flying this red Lockheed Vega, she left Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, Canada, and landed 15 hours later near Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The feat made Earhart an instant worldwide sensation and proved she was a courageous and able pilot.

Later that year, Earhart flew the Vega to another record. On August 24-25, she made the first solo, nonstop flight by a woman across the United States, from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey, in about 19 hours.

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On May 20-21, 1932, Earhart became the first woman-and the only person since Charles Lindbergh-to fly nonstop and alone across the Atlantic. Flying this red Lockheed Vega, she left Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, Canada, and landed 15 hours later near Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

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Grace Hopper- National Women's History Museum 

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Grace Hopper- National Women's History Museum 

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https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/grace-hopper

A concise biography of Grace Hopper and her role in the invention of coding and programming that led to the ability for computer to respond to words instead of just numbers.

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Edited By Arlisha R. Norwood, NWHM Fellow | 2017

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Grace Murray Hopper helped to outline the fundamental operating principles of computing machines. Learn more at womenshistory.org.

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https://www.biography.com/activist/sojourner-truth

Learn about Sojourner Truth, from her early life and escape from slavery, to challenging a white man in court, and her rise as one of the most prominent abolitionists and women's rights activists of her time.

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Sojourner Truth - Quotes, Speech & Facts

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Abolitionist and women’s rights activist Sojourner Truth is best known for her speech on racial inequalities, “Ain’t I a Woman?” delivered at the Ohio Women’s Rights Convention in 1851.

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Jeannette Rankin- First woman elected to the House of Representatives

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Jeannette Rankin- First woman elected to the House of Representatives

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https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/R/RANKIN,-Jeannette-(R000055)/

Jeannette Rankin was the first woman elected to the house of representatives. She was elected two separate times both before the 16th amendment was passed giving women the right to vote.

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Jeannette Rankin's life was filled with extraordinary achievements: she was the first woman elected to Congress, one of the few suffragists elected to Congress, and the only Member of Congress to vote against U.S. participation in both World War I and World War II. "I may be the first woman member of Congress," she observed upon her election in 1916. "But I won't be the last." ¹

Jeannette Rankin, the eldest daughter of a rancher and a schoolteacher, was born near Missoula, Montana, on June 11, 1880. She graduated from Montana State University (now the University of Montana) in 1902 and attended the New York School of Philanthropy (later the Columbia University School of Social Work). After a brief period as a social worker in Spokane, Washington, Rankin entered the University of Washington in Seattle. It was there that she joined the woman suffrage movement, a campaign that achieved its goal in Washington State in 1910. Rankin became a professional lobbyist for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Her speaking and organizing efforts helped Montana women gain the vote in 1914.

When Rankin decided in 1916 to run for a House seat from Montana, she had two key advantages: her reputation as a suffragist and her politically well-connected brother, Wellington, who financed her campaign. Some national woman suffrage leaders feared she would lose and hurt the cause. The novelty of a woman running for Congress, however, helped Rankin secure a GOP nomination for one of Montana's two At-Large House seats on August 29, 1916. ² Rankin ran as a progressive, pledging to work for a constitutional woman suffrage amendment and emphasizing social welfare issues. Long a committed pacifist, she did not shy away from letting voters know how she felt about possible U.S. participation in the European war that had been raging for two years: "If they are going to have war, they ought to take the old men and leave the young to propagate the race." ³ Rankin came in second, winning one of Montana's seats. She trailed the frontrunner, Democratic Representative John M. Evans, by 7,600 votes, but she topped the next candidate- another Democrat-by 6,000 votes. Rankin ran a nonpartisan campaign in a Democratic state during a period of national hostility toward parties in general. And this was the first opportunity for Montana women to vote in a federal election. "I am deeply conscious of the responsibility resting upon me," read her public victory statement. ⁴

Rankin's service began dramatically when Congress was called into an extraordinary April session after Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare on all Atlantic shipping. On April 2, 1917, she arrived at the Capitol to be sworn in along with the other Members of the 65th Congress (1917-1919). ⁵ Escorted by her Montana colleague, Rankin looked like "a mature bride rather than a strong-minded female," an observer wrote. "When her name was called the House cheered and rose, so that she had to rise and bow twice, which she did with entire self-possession." ⁶

That evening, Congress met in Joint Session to hear President Woodrow Wilson ask to "make the world safe for democracy" by declaring war on Germany. The House debated the war resolution on April 5th. Given Rankin's strong pacifist views, she was inclined against war. Colleagues in the suffrage movement urged caution, fearing that a vote against war would tarnish the entire cause. Rankin sat out the debate over war, a decision she later regretted. ⁷ She inadvertently violated House rules by making a brief speech when casting her vote. "I want to stand by my country, but I cannot vote for war," she told the House. "I vote no." ⁸ The final vote was 373 for the war resolution and 50 against. The Helena Independent likened her to "a dagger in the hands of the German propagandists, a dupe of the Kaiser, a member of the Hun army in the United States, and a crying schoolgirl," even though Montana mail to Rankin's office ran against U.S. intervention. ⁹ NAWSA distanced the suffrage movement from Rankin: "Miss Rankin was not voting for the suffragists of the nation-she represents Montana." ¹⁰ Others, such as Representative Fiorello LaGuardia of New York, were quick to defend her. ¹¹

As the first woman Member, Rankin was on the front lines of the national suffrage fight. During the fall of 1917 she advocated the creation of a Committee on Woman Suffrage and, when it was created, she was appointed to it. ¹² When the special committee reported out a constitutional amendment on woman suffrage in January 1918, Rankin opened the very first House Floor debate on this subject. ¹³ "How shall we answer their challenge, gentlemen," she asked. "How shall we explain to them the meaning of democracy if the same Congress that voted for war to make the world safe for democracy refuses to give this small measure of democracy to the women of our country?" ¹⁴ The resolution narrowly passed the House amid the cheers of women in the galleries, but it died in the Senate. ¹⁵

Rankin did not ignore her Montana constituency in the midst of this activity. She was assigned to the Committee on Public Lands, which was concerned with western issues. When a mine disaster in Butte resulted in a massive protest strike by miners over their working conditions, violence soon broke out. Responding to pleas from more-moderate miner unions, Rankin unsuccessfully sought help from the Wilson administration through legislation and through her personal intervention in the crisis. These efforts failed as the mining companies refused to meet with either her or the miners. ¹⁶ Rankin expected the mining interests to extract a cost for her support of the striking miners. "They own the State," she noted. "They own the Government. They own the press." ¹⁷

Prior to the 1918 election, the Montana state legislature passed legislation replacing the state's two At-Large seats with two separate districts, and Rankin found herself in the overwhelmingly Democratic western district. ¹⁸ Faced with the possibility of running against an incumbent or running in a district controlled by the other party, she decided to run for the U.S. Senate. Rankin ran on the slogan "Win the War First," promising to support the Wilson administration "to more efficiently prosecute the war." ¹⁹ In a three-way contest, Rankin came in second in the Republican senatorial primary, less than 2,000 votes behind the winner. ²⁰

Charges that Republicans were bribing her to withdraw compelled her to undertake what she knew was an impossible task-running in the general election on a third-party ticket. "Bribes are not offered in such a way that you can prove them, and in order to prove that I didn't accept a bribe I had to run," she would later recall. ²¹ The incumbent, Democratic Senator Thomas Walsh, did not underestimate Rankin: "If Miss R. had any party to back her she would be dangerous." ²² In the end, Rankin finished third, winning a fifth of the total votes cast, while Walsh won re-election with a plurality. Ironically, the Republican candidate for Rankin's House district narrowly won. ²³

Afterwards, Rankin divided her time between pacifism and social welfare. She attended the Women's International Conference for Permanent Peace in Switzerland in 1919 and joined the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. In 1928, she founded the Georgia Peace Society after purchasing a farm in that state. Rankin became the leading lobbyist and speaker for the National Council for the Prevention of War from 1929 to 1939. She also remained active in advocating social welfare programs. During the early 1920s she was a field secretary for the National Consumers League. Rankin's activities largely consisted of lobbying Congress to pass social welfare legislation, such as the Sheppard-Towner bill and a constitutional amendment banning child labor.

It was the looming war crisis in 1940 that brought Rankin back to Congress. She returned to Montana with her eye on the western House district held by first-term Republican Representative Jacob Thorkelson, an outspoken anti-Semite. ²⁴ Rankin drew on her status as the first woman elected to Congress to speak throughout the district to high school students on the issue of war and peace. When the Republican primary results were in, Rankin defeated three candidates, including the incumbent. ²⁵ In the general election, she faced Jerry J. O'Connell, who had been ousted by Thorkelson from Congress in the previous election. Rankin went into the race confident that the mining industry no longer carried the hefty political influence she faced earlier. ²⁶ Eminent Progressives endorsed her: Senator Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., of Wisconsin and Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia of New York City. ²⁷ On Election Day Rankin won re-election to the House with 54 percent of the votes cast for a second term, just less than a quarter of a century after she was elected to her first term. ²⁸ "No one will pay any attention to me this time," the victor predicted. "There is nothing unusual about a woman being elected." ²⁹

As it had 24 years earlier, the threat of war dominated the start of Rankin's new term. She gained appointments to the Committee on Public Lands and the Committee on Insular Affairs, two lower-tier committees that, nevertheless, proved useful to her western constituency. By the time of Rankin's election, the war in Europe was in full force and a debate about U.S. involvement had broken out. In this raging debate, Rankin had taken an arm's-length attitude towards the leading isolationist group, the America First Committee. Largely made up of opponents to the New Deal policies of Franklin Roosevelt, Rankin found herself out of sympathy with much of their domestic agenda. ³⁰

Nevertheless, Rankin made her pacifist views known early in the session. During deliberations over the Lend-Lease Bill to supply the Allied war effort, she offered an unsuccessful amendment in February 1941 requiring specific congressional approval for sending U.S. troops abroad. "If Britain needs our material today," she asked, "will she later need our men?" ³¹ In May she introduced a resolution condemning any effort "to send the armed forces of the United States to fight in any place outside the Western Hemisphere or insular possessions of the United States." ³² She repeated her request the following month to no avail. That Rankin's stance was not an unusual one was demonstrated by the close margin granting President Franklin Roosevelt's request to allow American merchant ships to be armed in the fall of 1941. ³³

Rankin was en route to Detroit on a speaking engagement when she heard of the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. She returned to Washington the next morning determined to oppose U.S. participation in the war. Immediately after President Roosevelt addressed a Joint Session of Congress, the House and Senate met to deliberate on a declaration of war. ³⁴ Rankin repeatedly tried to gain recognition once the first reading of the war resolution was completed in the House. In the brief debate on the resolution, Speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas refused to recognize her and declared her out of order. Other Members called for her to sit down. Others approached her on the House Floor, trying to convince her to either vote for the war or abstain. ³⁵ When the roll call vote was taken, Rankin voted no amid what the Associated Press described as "a chorus of hisses and boos." ³⁶ Rankin went on to announce, "As a woman I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else." ³⁷ The war resolution passed the House 388 to 1.

Condemnation of her stand was immediate and intense, forcing Rankin briefly to huddle in a phone booth before receiving a police escort to her office. ³⁸ "I voted my convictions and redeemed my campaign pledges," she told her constituents. ³⁹ "Montana is 100 percent against you," wired her brother Wellington. ⁴⁰ In private, she told friends, "I have nothing left but my integrity." ⁴¹ The vote essentially made the rest of Rankin's term irrelevant. Having made her point, she only voted "present" when the House declared war on Germany and Italy. ⁴² She found that her colleagues and the press simply ignored her. She chose not to run for re-election in 1942, and her district replaced the isolationist Republican with an internationalist Democrat who had served in three branches of the military, Mike Mansfield.

Rankin continued to divide her time between Montana and Georgia in the years after she left Congress. India became one of her favorite excursions; she was drawn by the nonviolent protest tactics of Mohandas K. Gandhi. During the Vietnam War, she led the Jeannette Rankin Brigade, numbering 5,000, in a protest march on Washington in January 1968 that culminated in the presentation of a peace petition to House Speaker John McCormack of Massachusetts. Her 90th birthday in 1970 was celebrated in the Rayburn House Office Building with a reception and dinner. At the time of her death, on May 18, 1973, in Carmel, California, Rankin was considering another run for a House seat to protest the Vietnam War.

View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

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RANKIN, Jeannette | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

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Jeannette Rankin's life was filled with extraordinary achievements: she was the first woman elected to Congress, one of the few suffragists elected to Congress, and the only Member of Congress to vote against U.S. participation in both World War I and World War II.

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https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/police-report-on-arrest-of-rosa-parks

Original photo of the police report filed when Rosa Parks refused to move out of her seat for white passengers on the Montgomery Alabama bus in December 1955.

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1955

In 1955, a 42-year-old seamstress touched off a 381-day boycott of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system when she was arrested for failing to yield her seat to a white man. This is the record of Rosa Parks's arrest. A few days later, she was fined $10 plus $4. for court costs. A 26-year-old unknown minister, Martin Luther King, Jr., emerged as the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Text adapted from "The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks" in the May/June 1999 National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) publication Social Education.
This primary source comes from the Records of District Courts of the United States.

National Archives Identifier: 596074

Full Citation: Police Report on Arrest of Rosa Parks; 1955; Aurelia S. Browder et al. v. W. A. Gayle et al., No. 1147; Civil Cases, 9/1938 - 11/26/1968; Records of District Courts of the United States, Record Group 21; National Archives at Atlanta, Morrow, GA. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/police-report-on-arrest-of-rosa-parks, November 30, 2023]

Activities that use this document

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In 1955, a 42-year-old seamstress touched off a 381-day boycott of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system when she was arrested for failing to yield her seat to a white man. This is the record of Rosa Parks's arrest. A few days later, she was fined $10 plus $4. for court costs.

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https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/fifteenth-amendment
In 1870 the 15th amendment was ratified giving African American men the right to vote.

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Passed by Congress on February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African-American men the right to vote: the right of male U.S. citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” This document is the joint resolution – a formal opinion adopted by both houses of the legislative branch – proposing the amendment. A constitutional amendment must be passed as a joint resolution before it is sent to the states for ratification.

To former abolitionists and to the Radical Republicans in Congress who fashioned Reconstruction after the Civil War, the 15th amendment appeared to signify the fulfillment of all promises to African Americans. Set free by the 13th amendment, with citizenship guaranteed by the 14th amendment, Black males were given the vote by the 15th amendment.

African Americans voted and held office in many Southern states through the 1880s, but in the early 1890s, steps were taken to ensure subsequent “white supremacy.” The 15th Amendment had been carefully worded to maximize its chances of ratification. It didn't go so far as to grant the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race —instead, it barred states from denying suffrage based on race, opening a loophole for literacy, land ownership, or other requirements. It was a loophole that Southern states quickly exploited to effectively ban Black people from the polls.

Literacy tests for the vote, “grandfather clauses” excluding those whose ancestors had not voted in the 1860s, and other devices to disenfranchise African Americans were written into the laws of former Confederate states.

Social and economic segregation were added to Black America’s loss of political power. In 1896, the Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson legalized “separate but equal” facilities for the races. For more than 50 years, the overwhelming majority of African American citizens were reduced to second-class citizenship under the “Jim Crow” segregation system.

During that time, African Americans sought to secure their rights and improve their position through organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.) and the National Urban League, and through the individual efforts of reformers like Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and A. Philip Randolph.

The most direct attack on the problem of African-American disfranchisement came in 1965. Prompted by reports of continuing discriminatory voting practices in many Southern states, President Lyndon B. Johnson urged Congress to pass legislation “which will make it impossible to thwart the 15th amendment.” He reminded Congress that “we cannot have government for all the people until we first make certain it is government of and by all the people.”

The Voting Rights Act of 1965, extended in 1970, 1975, and 1982, abolished all remaining deterrents to exercising the right to vote and authorized federal supervision of voter registration where necessary. In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down a key provision of the act involving federal oversight of voting rules in nine states.

This primary source comes from the General Records of the United States Government.

National Archives Identifier: 299797

Full Citation: Joint Resolution Proposing the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution; 2/26/1869; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/fifteenth-amendment, June 3, 2022]

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Joint Resolution Proposing the Fifteenth Amendment

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denying suffrage based on race, opening a loophole for literacy, land ownership, or other requirements. It was a loophole that Southern states quickly exploited to effectively ban Black people from the polls. Literacy tests for the vote, "grandfather clauses" excluding those whose ancestors had not voted in the 1860s, and other devices to disenfranchise African Americans were written into the laws of former Confederate states.

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https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/nineteenth-amendment
In 1919 Women were finally granted the right to vote.

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19th Amendment to the United States Constitution

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This document shows approval by both the House of Representatives and the Senate (by two-thirds vote in each house) of the proposed 19th amendment to the Constitution that "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

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Group of women seeking the right to vote 

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Group of women seeking the right to vote 

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https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/women-joined-by-others-across-the-country-seek-to-secure-news-photo/149700924
This photo taken somewhere between 1910 and 1920 shows women gathered together to petition for the right to vote.

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Women, joined by others across the country, seek to secure the...

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Women, joined by others across the country, seek to secure the passage of the 19th Amendent which grants women the right to vote, San Francisco, California, late 1910s or early 1920s. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images

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https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/marching-suffrage-parade-dc

Women marching in front of the capitol building with signs demanding the right to vote.

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Women Marching in Suffrage Parade in Washington, DC

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In the second decade of the 20th century, suffragists began staging large and dramatic parades to draw attention to their cause. One of the most consequential demonstrations was a march held in Washington, DC, on March 3, 1913, the day before Woodrow Wilson's first presidential inauguration.

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https://iowaculture.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/right-to-vote-suffrage-women-african/first-vote-illustration
illustration of the first African American to vote after Amendment 15 was passed.

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Courtesy of Library of Congress, Waud, Alfred R., "The first vote," Harper's Weekly, 16 November 1867

This illustration shows African-American men in outfits indicative of their professions standing in a line waiting for their turn to vote. The text belong the image reads, "The First Vote." This print was published in Harper's Weekly on November 16, 1867.

Source-Dependent Questions

Look closely at the clothing of each man in the line. Why is each man dressed differently? What does their clothing represent?

This image illustrates the first election in Virginia in which African Americans could participate in order to elect delegates to help rewrite that state's constitution. Why would it be important for African Americans to vote in this election?

What might be the drawbacks of having to vote out in the open where everyone can see who you voted for?

Citation Information

Waud, Alfred R., "The first vote," Harper's Weekly, 16 November 1867. Courtesy of Library of Congress

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"The First Vote" Illustration, November 16, 1867

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Source-Dependent Questions Look closely at the clothing of each man in the line. Why is each man dressed differently? What does their clothing represent? This image illustrates the first election in Virginia in which African Americans could participate in order to elect delegates to help rewrite that state's constitution.

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Artifacts, replicas and reproductions and voting mechanisms 

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Artifacts, replicas and reproductions and voting mechanisms 

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https://americanhistory.si.edu/democracy-exhibition/machinery-democracy/voting-and-electioneering-1789%E2%80%931899

Voting ballots and voting "machines" from 1790 through 1899 help show that even when given the right to vote, voters could be intimidated to vote certain ways.

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Because the Constitution gives states the job of running elections, ways of voting in the United States vary. Americans have developed a patchwork of manual, mechanical, and electronic balloting. Many methods once common in the past are still used in some places today.

The earliest elections were conducted by voice vote or with paper ballots put into ballot boxes. These paper ballots, called "party tickets," listed names from just one party, and they were counted under the watchful eye of local party and election officials. As the United States grew and the electorate expanded in the decades following the Civil War, improvements appeared in the form of the Australian or blanket ballots that listed the names of all candidates, ballot boxes with mechanical security features, and mechanical ballot counters.

Voting in the 19th century usually involved casting a printed paper ballot. State election laws typically specified the dimensions and thickness of the paper, and the size of type to be used. The rest was left to the issuing parties, local party operatives, and candidates, resulting in various ballot forms and styles-and a potential for voter confusion and fraud.

More so than the distinguishing marks of party symbols or candidate portraits, color helped observers identify party ballots as they were cast-and who cast them. Voting was still not entirely secret. The parties printed and distributed paper ballots cut from sheets. Virginia's Union Party issued a pink paper ticket in 1860. The introduction of a complex color scheme distinguished the official ballot of the 1878 Regular Republican ticket in Massachusetts.

Political manipulation and election fraud was often compared to a well-oiled machine. Reformers determined to fight political machines with ballot reform and voting machines. The addition of an internal cylinder "roller" to this late 19th-century ballot box ensured that once a ballot was rolled into the box it could not be tampered with or seen. This box was probably used in New England.

Developed in South Australia in the 1850s, the blanket ballot-listing all candidates for office regardless of party-was gradually adopted in the United States after 1888. The printing and distribution of such all-inclusive ballots became a function of government rather than competing parties. The voter typically marked the ballot in the privacy of a voting booth, sometimes guided by party symbols-like the eagle guarding a glass jar ballot box representing the Republican ticket of William McKinley and Garret A. Hobart, top left.

Australian or blanket ballot, 1896

The gear-and-lever voting machine rendered the Australian ballot in steel. Later, computerized punch card ballots became an acceptable alternative that allowed for the speedy tabulation and announcement of returns.

This facsimile gear-and-lever voting machine was last used in the 1944 presidential election between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Thomas E. Dewey. Small models like this acquainted voters with the workings of the actual machine; the row-and-column ballot of parties and candidates was based upon the graphic design of the blanket or Australian ballot these machines began to displace after the turn of the 20th century. From 1900 through the early 1960s, the gear-and-lever voting machine was promoted as an ideal technology.

The close presidential contest between Al Gore and George W. Bush came down to a struggle over the Florida vote. In Florida Bush led Gore by 930 votes out of six million votes cast. Gore asked for a recount by hand of ballots from four counties in which his support was believed to be strong. To conduct the recount in Palm Beach County, citizens organized into teams of two Republican and two Democratic Party counters and observers. A magenta-colored card is used to help identify the holes in the ballots.

In the 2000 presidential election, incompletely punched ballots that could not be counted by machine were considered voter errors. Judge Robert Rosenberg used this magnifying glass to examine ballots in an effort to determine voter intent during the hand recount in Broward County, Florida, in November 2000.

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Because the Constitution gives states the job of running elections, ways of voting in the United States vary. Americans have developed a patchwork of manual, mechanical, and electronic balloting. Many methods once common in the past are still used in some places today.

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https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/lucretia-mott

Short biography on Lucretia Mott. Includes mostly details of her devotion to women's rights. Mid-elementary school reading level.

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MLA - Michals, Debra. "Lucretia Mott." National Women's History Museum, 2017. Date accessed.

Chicago - Michals, Debra "Lucretia Mott." National Women's History Museum. 2017. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/lucretia-mott.

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Lucretia Coffin Mott was an early feminist activist and strong advocate for ending slavery. A powerful orator, she dedicated her life to speaking out against racial and gender injustice.

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https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/january-03/

Celebrating the day of Lucretia Mott's birth, Library of Congress reviews her contributions to the abolition and suffrage movements. This article has a "read aloud" option giving students the ability to listen to the information.

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Political and social reformer Lucretia Coffin Mott was born on January 3, 1793 in Nantucket, Massachusetts to a Quaker family. Inspired by a father who encouraged his daughters to be useful and a mother who was active in business affairs, Lucretia Mott worked as a tireless advocate for the oppressed while also raising six children. Over the course of her lifetime, Mott actively participated in many of the reform movements of the day including abolition, temperance, and pacifism. She also played a vital role in organizing the 1848 Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, which launched the woman suffrage movement in America.

[Lucretia (Coffin) Mott, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing right]. ca. 1860-1880. Votes for Women-The Struggle for Women's Suffrage: Selected Images from the Collections of the Library of Congress. Prints & Photographs Division

Let our lives be in accordance with our convictions of right, each striving to carry out our principles.
Lucretia Mott. From a sermon delivered at the Cherry Street Meeting in Philadelphia, September 30, 1849. In Lucretia Mott: Her Complete Speeches and Sermons, edited by Dana Greene.

Mott's commitment to women's equality was strengthened by her experience as a student and teacher at the boarding school adjacent to the Nine Partners Quaker meeting house in Duchess County, New York. While at the Quaker school, she was struck by the fact that "the charge for the education of girls was the same as that for boys, and that when they became teachers, women received but half as much as men for their services...The injustice of this was so apparent," Mott recalled in an autobiographical sketch, "that I early resolved to claim for my sex all that an impartial Creator had bestowed." Nine Partners was also where she met her future husband, fellow teacher James Mott.

Lucretia Coffin and James Mott were married in 1811 in Philadelphia, where the Coffins had moved two years before. Philadelphia and environs became the growing Mott family's permanent home. Both Lucretia Mott and her husband were ardent abolitionists as well as active members of the Religious Society of Friends. Her abilities as a speaker resulted in her 1821 recognition as a minister, and she joined the more radical Hicksite branch of Quakers when the Society split at the end of the decade. By the 1830s, Mott traveled widely, preaching against war, intemperance, and slavery while also serving as clerk of the influential Women's Yearly Meeting. Mott founded the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society in 1833, and it was during that group's 1838 convention that anti-abolitionist riots led to the widely-publicized burning of Pennsylvania Hall. After passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, the Mott home became a station on the underground railroad.

Mott met Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Conference in London. Though sent as official delegates to the convention, six American women including Mott and Stanton were denied the right to participate because of their gender. The two soon agreed that the status of women must be advanced.

Declaration and Protest of the Women of the United States by the National Woman Suffrage Association. July 4, 1876. Philadelphia, 1876. Printed Ephemera: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera. Rare Book & Special Collections Division

In 1848, Mott, Stanton, and three other women launched the woman's rights movement in the United States by calling the Seneca Falls Convention, which met over two days in July in New York state. The Declaration of Sentiments signed there by Stanton, Mott, and other participants called for the extension of basic civil rights to women. These included the right to vote and the right to hold property.

Following the Civil War and the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, Mott joined the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), formed in 1869. On the centennial of American independence, leaders of the NWSA renewed their call for women's equality with their 1876 Declaration and Protest of the Women of the United States. The document called for impeachment of United States leaders on the grounds that they taxed women without representation and denied women trial by a jury of peers.

Though women did not win the right to vote until 1920, a full forty years after Lucretia Mott's death in 1880, she lived to see fulfillment of several demands set forth in the Declaration of Sentiments. By 1880, for example, most states granted a woman the right to hold property independent of her husband, and several state and private colleges admitted women, including the co-educational Swarthmore College, which Mott herself helped to establish.

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Political and social reformer Lucretia Coffin Mott was born on January 3, 1793 in Nantucket, Massachusetts to a Quaker family. Inspired by a father who encouraged his daughters to be useful and a mother who was active in business affairs, Lucretia Mott worked as a tireless advocate for the oppressed while also raising six children.