# data[].attributes.body
2200 B.C.—Tower of Babel (can be found in the book of Genesis)

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2200 B.C. to 1600 A.D.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800 Special Date

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800 Special Date

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1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

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1607—Early settlement at Jamestown

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Special Date

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Special Date

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1607 Early Settlement—Jamestown

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800 Special Date

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800 Special Date

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1692: Salem Witch Trials

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800 Special Date

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800 Special Date

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1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Special Date

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Special Date

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1775-1783 Revolutionary War

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Romanticism & Industrialisation Period Special Date

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Romanticism & Industrialisation Period Special Date

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Romanticism: 1800-1860

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Romanticism & Industrialisation Period Special Date

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Romanticism & Industrialisation Period Special Date

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The War of 1812
1812-1815

# data[].attributes.body
1840-1860
Transcendentalism

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Romanticism & Industrialisation Period Special Date

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Romanticism & Industrialisation Period Special Date

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California Gold Rush: January 24, 1848

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Civil war
1861- 1865

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Reconstruction Era
1865- 1877

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Modernism 1900-1950 Period Special Dates

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Modernism 1900-1950 Period Special Dates

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World War I
1914-1918

The Great Depression
1929-1939

World War II
1939-1945

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period 1920-1940 Special Dates

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period 1920-1940 Special Dates

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"The New Negro Movement"
1919-1925

Prohibition
1920-1933

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Korean War
1950-1953

Vietnam War
1954-1975

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1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

2. Used stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

3. Deep respect for nature and animals.

4. Cyclical worldview.

5. Figurative language/parallelism.

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The Native Americans share a common ancestor with several ethnic groups in eastern Asia that are Asiatic and descended from Japheth, grandson of Noah.

URL: https://answersingenesis.org/tower-of-babel/native-americans-and-the-bible/

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The sport Lacrosse was actually first played by a Native American, the name Lacrosse was given by the French.

URL: https://www.deseret.com/1997/6/15/19318074/lacrosse-was-invented-by-american-indians-but-the-name-is-french#:~:text=It%20sounds%20French.,different%20from%20the%20modern%20sport.

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Puritanism & Early Settlement Period Characteristics

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Puritanism & Early Settlement Period Characteristics

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1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.

2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.

3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.

4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.

5. Used a plain style of writing.

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Famous Authors and Works from the Puritanism & Early Settlement Period

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Famous Authors and Works from the Puritanism & Early Settlement Period

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

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The word "Puritans", also known as "precisionists", was a hateful label given to the movement by its enemies.

Link:https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/puritanism

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The Puritans wanted to have a "Holy and Godly" community but some Indians lived in New England, so they decided to convert them but their only way of communicating with them was actually through sign language.

Link:https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/History/National_History/Book%3A_United_States_History_to_1877_(Locks_et_al.)/04%3A_The_Establishment_of_English_Colonies_Before_1642_and_Their_Development_Through_the_Late_Seventeenth_Century/4.06%3A_The_Puritans_and_the_Indians#:~:text=Through%20much%20of%20the%201630s,Bible%20written%20in%20that%20language.

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Characteristics

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Characteristics

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1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

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Famous Authors and Works from the Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period

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Famous Authors and Works from the Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #1

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #1

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Most historians date the end of the Enlightenment to the final decade of the 19th century.

https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/enlightenment

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #2

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #2

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Its ideas damaged the monarchy and the Catholic Church. This is why the theological and religious conflict of the 18th and 19th centuries was set in motion.

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/culture-magazines/christianity-science-and-enlightenment

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #3

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #3

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As part of the Enlightenment, Some see Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution and the beginning of the Enlightenment.

https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #4

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Rationalism, The Age of Reason, and The Enlightenment Period Fact #4

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The Encyclopédie, Ou Dictionnaire Raisonné Des Sciences, Des Arts Et Des Métiers, was the first encyclopedia accessible to the general public during The Enlightenment.

https://library.wustl.edu/news/a-revolutionary-encyclopedia/#:~:text=The%20Encyclop%C3%A9die%2C%20Ou%20Dictionnaire%20Raisonn%C3%A9,translator%20and%20philosopher%20Denis%20Diderot.

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1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

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Famous Authors and Works Transcendentalism"The American Renaissance"  Period 

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Famous Authors and Works Transcendentalism"The American Renaissance"  Period 

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

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Transcendentalism"The American Renaissance"  Period Fact #1 

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Transcendentalism"The American Renaissance"  Period Fact #1 

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During the American Renaissance, the women's rights movement started its own dress trend. A knee-length skirt with voluminous, gathered pantaloons in the Turkish style was made popular in 1851 by Elizabeth Smith Miller.

https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-might-not-know-about-the-womens-suffrage-movement

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Transcendentalism"The American Renaissance"  Period Fact #2

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Transcendentalism"The American Renaissance"  Period Fact #2

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Another author during the American Renaissance that helped during the Abolitionist movement started was Harriet Beecher Stowe with his novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) , this made the abolitionist movement grow stronger as more people became aware of the negative aspects of slavery. He gave vivid accounts of the abuse of enslaved people. The book experienced tremendous success.
https://www.britannica.com/summary/Abolitionism-Key-Facts

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Famous Authors and Works Romanticism and Industrialisation Period

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Famous Authors and Works Romanticism and Industrialisation Period

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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Romanticism introduced the Idea of drama
People who were interested in art and lived in the early 19th century saw romanticism emerge as a global art movement that was not confined to any particular region, as with other art movements. The romantic movement opposed the neoclassical approach, which emphasized logic, science, utility, and the material features of the human form, choosing instead to emphasize drama and emotions. For the first time, painters started to depict everyday life in dramatic tones while emphasizing the might of nature and how man and nature interact.
https://www.creativejewishmom.com/2020/07/6-facts-about-romanticism-the-art-movement-that-added-emotion-to-art.html

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Industrial growth transformed American society. Railroads rapidly increased in size, integrating even rural areas of the nation into a market economy.
https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/rise-of-industrial-america-1876-1900/overview/

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1. Feelings of disillusionment.

2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.

3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).

4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

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Realism Period 1850-1900 Famous Author's and Works

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Realism Period 1850-1900 Famous Author's and Works

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Mark Twain
-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London
-Call of the Wild
-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane
-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce
-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin
-"Story of an Hour"
-The Awakening

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William Dean Howells (1837-1920) was the first author to be credited as wholly 'realist' and is considered the father of American realism. His work revolved around middle and upper-class life, and featured a truthfulness that brought close attention to societal problems.
https://www.theartstory.org/movement/american-realism/

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The loose-knit group of New Yorkers, known as The Ashcan School, delivered American art into the twentieth century by countering the soft palettes and flights of colorful splendor associated with the American Impressionists. The Ashcan School believed that an authentic American art could only be achieved through direct experience and by capturing the dynamics of city life on their canvases. Though they were apt to intensify the drama of their pictures through their preference for dark palettes and loose brushstrokes, theirs was a gritty and vital take on the realities of New York street-life at the beginning of the century.

https://www.theartstory.org/movement/american-realism/

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1. Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the "American Dream": the independent, self-reliant, individual will triumph.

2. Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional.

3. Interest in the inner workings of the human mind (ex. Stream of consciousness).

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Modernism Period 1900-1950 Famous Author's and Works

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Modernism Period 1900-1950 Famous Author's and Works

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Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

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In an essay written in 1924 titled Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown, Virginia Woolf writes that “on or about December 1910 human nature changed.” She continues to say that “all human relations shifted and when human relations change there is at the same time a change in religion, conduct, politics, and literature.” This change in human behaviour is what came to be modernism. The roots of modernism lie in the rapidly changing technology of the late nineteenth century and in the theories posed by thinkers.

https://blog.oup.com/2022/05/a-literary-history-of-modernism-timeline/

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The Roarin’ 20s was a period of heightened literary creativity, where many authors, such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, D.H. Lawrence, and Ezra Pound to name a few, heralded the beginnings of literary modernism. This period is known as the Harlem Renaissance where many Black artists and writers, including Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Alain Locke, began publishing even more and started to be recognized by critics for their work.

https://blog.oup.com/2022/05/a-literary-history-of-modernism-timeline/

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period 1920-1940 Characteristics

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period 1920-1940 Characteristics

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1. Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York

2. Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos

3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period 1920-1940 Famous Authors and Works

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period 1920-1940 Famous Authors and Works

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James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period Fact #1

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period Fact #1

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In 1925 the Jazz Age was in full swing. It was the year Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington made their first recordings.The Phantom of the Opera opened at movie theaters. The Ku Klux Klan marched on Washington, D.C. The Jazz Age glorified city life. Americans — including many African American sharecroppers from the South — were leaving their farms in record numbers to live and work in places like Chicago and New York City. F. Scott Fitzgerald called it a time when "the parties were bigger, the pace was faster, the buildings were higher, the morals looser."

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/monkeytrial-jazz-age/

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period Fact #2

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The Harlem Renaissance/ The Jazz Age/ The Roaring 20s Period Fact #2

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As the 1920s came roaring in, the United States was experiencing a time of economic prosperity. With that prosperity came a desire for convenience and more leisure time. For this reason, many inventions in the 1920s are related to entertainment and making domestic life easier. These inventions not only drastically shaped the 1920s but shaped the world as we know it today. Some of these inventions are the electric automatic traffic light, quick frozen food, band aids, water skis, electric blender, television, and the vacuum cleaner.

https://www.familysearch.org/en/blog/1920s-inventions-influential

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1. Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology.

2. Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates itself.

3. New literary forms and techniques: works composed of only dialogue, or combining fiction and nonfiction, experimenting with physical appearance of their work.

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Contemporary "Postmodernism" 1950–present Period Famous Authors and Works

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Contemporary "Postmodernism" 1950–present Period Famous Authors and Works

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Alice Walker

Wallace Stevens

e.e. cummings

Maya Angelou

Anne Sexton

James Baldwin

Richard Wright

Sandra Cisneros

Amy Tan

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Contemporary "Postmodernism" 1950–present Period Fact #1

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Contemporary "Postmodernism" 1950–present Period Fact #1

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As implied by its name, the Postmodernist period occurred directly after the Modernist period. Events that inspired this movement were the end of World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, the Cold War, and the Civil Rights movement. Postmodernism works were characterized by multiple qualities. These contemporary works often featured ordinary places and portray a release from meaning, a desire to correct the past, and a desire to enjoy oneself.     With advances in technology and rights, Americans could better define who they were. Americans now saw themselves as a major world power because of their atomic bombs. Women and African Americans also began developing a voice and identity distinct in American culture. With people like Martin Luther King and Malcolm X leading the Civil Rights Movement, the African American identity started becoming recognized by society. Because not everyone supported this, racism also became another important theme of the Contemporary era.

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As implied by its name, the Postmodernist period occurred directly after the Modernist period. Events that inspired this movement were the end of World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, the Cold War, and the Civil Rights movement. Postmodernism works were characterized by multiple qualities. These contemporary works often featured ordinary places and portray a release from meaning, a desire to correct the past, and a desire to enjoy oneself. These events influenced the writings of this era that display the diversity, materialism, and pride seen throughout America. Authors began to describe everyday life and new technology. Postmodernism focused on the present and the future. It was and is an ongoing, evolving period of American literature. Introduction:

With the end of World War II and the discovery of the holocaust and the atomic bomb, American society began to see reality as subjective. New types of art displayed this new mindset as well as the literature of the time period did. There was also a strong desire to correct the past and right the wrongs that occurred during both of the World Wars.
With advances in technology and rights, Americans could better define who they were. Americans now saw themselves as a major world power because of their atomic bombs. Women and African Americans also began developing a voice and identity distinct in American culture. With people like Martin Luther King and Malcolm X leading the Civil Rights Movement, the African American identity started becoming recognized by society. Because not everyone supported this, racism also became another important theme of the Contemporary era.

_____________________________________________________________

"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view."
-Harper Lee

Nelle Harper Lee was born in 1926 as the youngest of five children to Amasa Lee and Frances Finch in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father practiced law in the Alabama State Legislature and also owned part of a local newspaper. Her mother was a homemaker. As a young child, she loved to read and was also a tomboy. One of her best childhood friends was the famous author Truman Capote, who was the author of In Cold Blood.
While Lee attended high school, she developed a love for literature. She graduated from high school in 1944 and then attended an all women's college. She stood out because she did not care about fashion, makeup, or dating and only focused on her writing. Twelve years later, she received a Christmas present from a writer and composer, Michael Brown, that was a year's worth of wages so that she could spend a year only focusing on writing. She collaborated with editor Tay Hohoff, and produced her only novel to date. It was first titled Go Set a Watchman, then Atticus, and then To Kill A Mockingbird. To Kill A Mockingbird was published in 1960, and became an immediate bestseller. It won much positive critical acclaim and a Pulitzer Prize in 1961. In 1999, it was voted best novel of the century. This book was a coming of age story, but it also reflected many racial prejudices of the south.
After the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird , Lee accompanied her friend Capote to Kansas, where the two of them worked to gather information for an article that Capote was writing for The New Yorker . This article evolved into Capote's most famous novel, In Cold Blood. After returning home, Lee became somewhat of a recluse and participated in very few interviews or public appearances. She attempted to work on two more novels, but left them unfinished because she was dissatisfied with them. To this day, she has no further publications except for a few essays because the success of her novel and the fame that followed it were too much for Lee.
Despite her desires to avoid the it, Lee often found herself in the limelight. She became good friends with Gregory Peck, the actor who portrayed Atticus Finch in the screenplay adaptation of To Kill A Mockingbird , and won an Oscar for his performance. She often visited the set and did interviews to support the film. Also, president Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Lee to the National Council of Arts in 1966. She accepted many honorary degrees, but still refused to make speeches.
In 2007, President George W. Bush awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the U.S. Today, Harper Lee lives in an assisted-living home, wheel-chair bound, partially blind and deaf and as a victim to mild memory loss. Lee has agreed to release a novel that she completed in the 1950s and set aside called "Go Set a Watchman" to be released in July 14, 2015.

The Postmodernist period focuses on several themes that are evident in the works of the time period. The themes of identity, racism, and a search for goodness in humanity are the main themes of this time period. Identity is a theme commonly found in many African American works as they began to write about their culture and heritage. The theme of identity can also be seen in the women's civil rights movement of the time where women fought for their place in society. From the Civil Rights Movement also comes the theme of Racism. It is shown in To Kill A Mockingbird .
The title of "Postmodernism" fits well within this era because it depicts how people reacted to the events of the modern era. During the modern era, two major World Wars and The Great Depression left many Americans looking for hope in society. The holocaust and the atomic bombs left Americans searching for hope in humanity. Authors tried to reflect society and humanity in a way that showed that there was still some goodness left in it.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

"This is not a pipe." by Rene Magrite

Sunrise by Roy Lichtenstein

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As implied by its name, the Postmodernist period occurred directly after the Modernist period. Events that inspired this movement were the end of World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, the Cold War, and the Civil Rights movement. Postmodernism works were characterized by multiple qualities.

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Contemporary "Postmodernism" 1950–present Period Fact #2

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Contemporary "Postmodernism" 1950–present Period Fact #2

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Post-modern work in the 1970s was sometimes derided as “art for art’s sake,” but it gave rise to the acceptance of a host of new approaches. Among these new forms were Earth art, which creates work on natural landscapes; Performance art; Installation art, which considers an entire space rather than just one piece; Process art, which stressed the making of the work as more important than the outcome; and Video art, as well as movements based around feminist and minority art.

https://www.history.com/topics/art-history/history-of-modernism-and-post-modernism

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Nathaniel Hawthorne was a college classmate of a future U.S. president.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne was a college classmate of a future U.S. president.

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Hawthorne and Franklin Pierce became lifelong friends after meeting at Bowdoin College in the 1820s as undergraduates. Hawthorne penned Pierce's campaign biography when he won the Democratic nomination for president in 1852. Hawthorne was derided for penning Pierce's biography at a time when he had already won fame and acclaim with The Scarlet Letter and The House of Seven Gables.

https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/nathaniel-hawthorne-facts

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 Animals were not spared during the Salem witch trials.

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 Animals were not spared during the Salem witch trials.

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Two dogs were slaughtered during the trials on the grounds of possible witchcraft. One dog was shot after being accused of attempting to bewitch a girl experiencing convulsions. The local minister reasoned that if the dog had been possessed by the devil, it would not have been as easily slain by a bullet. This was after the dog had passed away. It was truly believed that the second dead dog was a victim of witchcraft whose tormentors had fled Salem before they could be brought to justice. Interestingly, the dogs' contributions did not stop there. They were also employed in Salem to identify witches using the Witch Cake test.
https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/647176/salem-witch-trials-facts

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McCarthy fired his first shot on February 9, 1950, during his speech in Wheeling, West Virginia. He claimed that 205 Communist Party members who worked for the US Department of State had Communist Party membership cards. He repeated the accusations at an address in Salt Lake City a few days later. McCarthy quickly gained media attention, and the Senate requested that he present his case.

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Government employees lost their jobs due to McCarthyism.

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Government employees lost their jobs due to McCarthyism.

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In 1953, at the beginning of his second term as senator, McCarthy was put in charge of the Committee on Government Operations, which allowed him to launch even more expansive investigations of the alleged communist infiltration of the federal government. In hearing after hearing, he aggressively interrogated witnesses in what many came to perceive as a blatant violation of their civil rights. Despite a lack of any proof of subversion, more than 2,000 government employees lost their jobs as a result of McCarthy’s investigations.

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Table of Contents

1. The Cold War

2. Joseph McCarthy and the Rise of McCarthyism

3. 'Have you no sense of decency, sir?'

4. The Fall of Joseph McCarthy

During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the prospect of communist subversion at home and abroad seemed frighteningly real to many people in the United States. These fears came to define-and, in some cases, corrode-the era's political culture. For many Americans, the most enduring symbol of this "Red Scare" was Republican Senator Joseph R. McCarthy of Wisconsin. Senator McCarthy spent almost five years trying in vain to expose communists and other left-wing "loyalty risks" in the U.S. government. In the hyper-suspicious atmosphere of the Cold War, insinuations of disloyalty were enough to convince many Americans that their government was packed with traitors and spies. McCarthy's accusations were so intimidating that few people dared to speak out against him. It was not until he attacked the Army in 1954 that his actions earned him the censure of the U.S. Senate.

The Cold War

In the years after World War II ended, events at home and abroad seemed to many Americans to prove that the "Red menace" was real. In August 1949, for instance, the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. Later that year, Communist forces declared victory in the Chinese Civil War and established the People's Republic of China. In 1950, North Korea's Soviet-backed army invaded its pro-Western neighbors to the South; in response, the United States entered the conflict on the side of South Korea.

Did you know? Along with the Army-McCarthy hearings, journalist Edward R. Murrow's exposés of McCarthyism played an important role in the senator's downfall. On March 9, 1954, millions of Americans watched as the national news program "See It Now" attacked McCarthy and his methods.

At the same time, the Republican-led House Un-American Activities Committee (known as HUAC) began a determined campaign to extirpate communist subversion at home. HUAC's targets included left-wingers in Hollywood and liberals in the State Department. In 1950, Congress passed the McCarran Internal Security Act, which required that all "subversives" in the United States submit to government supervision. (President Truman vetoed the Act-he said it "would make a mockery of our Bill of Rights"-but a Congressional majority overrode his veto.)

Joseph McCarthy and the Rise of McCarthyism

All of these factors combined to create an atmosphere of fear and dread, which proved a ripe environment for the rise of a staunch anticommunist like Joseph McCarthy. At the time, McCarthy was a first-term senator from Wisconsin who had won election in 1946 after a campaign in which he criticized his opponent's failure to enlist during World War II while emphasizing his own wartime heroics.

In February 1950, appearing at the Ohio County Women's Republican Club in Wheeling, West Virginia, McCarthy gave a speech that propelled him into the national spotlight. Waving a piece of paper in the air, he declared that he had a list of 205 known members of the Communist Party who were "working and shaping policy" in the State Department.

The next month, a Senate subcommittee launched an investigation and found no proof of any subversive activity. Moreover, many of McCarthy's Democratic and Republican colleagues, including President Dwight Eisenhower, disapproved of his tactics ("I will not get into the gutter with this guy," the president told his aides). Still, the senator continued his so-called Red-baiting campaign. In 1953, at the beginning of his second term as senator, McCarthy was put in charge of the Committee on Government Operations, which allowed him to launch even more expansive investigations of the alleged communist infiltration of the federal government. In hearing after hearing, he aggressively interrogated witnesses in what many came to perceive as a blatant violation of their civil rights. Despite a lack of any proof of subversion, more than 2,000 government employees lost their jobs as a result of McCarthy's investigations.

'Have you no sense of decency, sir?'

In April 1954, Senator McCarthy turned his attention to "exposing" the supposed communist infiltration of the armed services. Many people had been willing to overlook their discomfort with McCarthyism during the senator's campaign against government employees and others they saw as "elites"; now, however, their support began to wane. Almost at once, the aura of invulnerability that had surrounded McCarthy for nearly five years began to disappear. First, the Army undermined the senator's credibility by showing evidence that he had tried to win preferential treatment for his aides when they were drafted. Then came the fatal blow: the decision to broadcast the "Army-McCarthy" hearings on national television. The American people watched as McCarthy intimidated witnesses and offered evasive responses when questioned. When he attacked a young Army lawyer, the Army's chief counsel thundered, "Have you no sense of decency, sir?" The Army-McCarthy hearings struck many observers as a shameful moment in American politics.

The Fall of Joseph McCarthy

By the time the hearings were over, McCarthy had lost most of his allies. The Senate voted to condemn him for his "inexcusable," "reprehensible," "vulgar and insulting" conduct "unbecoming a senator." He kept his job but lost his power, and died in 1957 at the age of 48.

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The Cold War Joseph McCarthy and the Rise of McCarthyism 'Have you no sense of decency, sir?' The Fall of Joseph McCarthy During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the prospect of communist subversion at home and abroad seemed frighteningly real to many people in the United States.

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The American Dream 1920s was defined by..

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In the 1920s, the American Dream was primarily defined by material wealth and consumerism. This was when the country was experiencing unprecedented economic growth, and many people believed that success meant acquiring as much wealth and material possessions as possible. The era was marked by a culture of excess and indulgence, with people embracing new technologies, such as automobiles and radios, and engaging in a lifestyle of conspicuous consumption.

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Step back to the roaring 1920s, an era marked by dramatic social and economic change, when the "American Dream" took on a new meaning.

People from all walks of life were captivated by the promise of prosperity and opportunity, fueling a decade of cultural and artistic innovation that still resonates today.

But what exactly was the American Dream in the 1920s, and how did it shape American history? This article will explore this fascinating topic and the factors contributing to this iconic American era.

The Evolution of the American Dream: From the Roaring Twenties to Today

The American Dream is a concept that has captivated generations of people since the founding of the United States. The American Dream represents the belief that anyone can achieve success, prosperity, and upward mobility through hard work, determination, and perseverance. However, the definition of the American Dream has changed over time, reflecting American society's social, economic, and cultural shifts.

In the 1920s, the American Dream was primarily defined by material wealth and consumerism. This was when the country was experiencing unprecedented economic growth, and many people believed that success meant acquiring as much wealth and material possessions as possible. The era was marked by a culture of excess and indulgence, with people embracing new technologies, such as automobiles and radios, and engaging in a lifestyle of conspicuous consumption.

However, the Great Depression of the 1930s ended this era of extravagance and excess. The American Dream was forced to evolve as people struggled to survive during economic hardship and uncertainty. The American Dream became more focused on social and economic mobility. Many people were looking to government programs like the New Deal to help them achieve a better life.

The post-World War II era saw the American Dream shift again as the country experienced unprecedented economic growth and prosperity. This era was marked by the rise of the middle class, with many people achieving success through hard work and upward mobility. The American Dream became more focused on homeownership, with many people striving to own homes and provide a better life for their families.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the American Dream evolved again as the country experienced a period of social and cultural upheaval. This was a time of civil rights activism, feminist movements, and the rise of the counterculture. The American Dream became more focused on individual freedom and self-expression.

Today, the American Dream continues to evolve, reflecting the changing needs and aspirations of a diverse and dynamic society. While the idea of material success and economic prosperity still holds appeal for many people, the American Dream is increasingly focused on social and environmental responsibility, with many looking to impact the world around them positively.

The American Dream has undergone significant changes over the past century, reflecting American society's social, economic, and cultural shifts. While the core belief in the power of hard work and determination remains, the definition of the American Dream has become more nuanced and complex, reflecting a changing society's diverse needs and aspirations.

The Economic Boom and Consumer Culture

You couldn't help but get swept up in the whirlwind of prosperity and excitement that defined the 1920s as new inventions and consumer culture took center stage.

This era, often called the Roaring Twenties, was when many people experienced rapid economic growth and increased personal wealth.

The United States saw an industry explosion, with mass production techniques allowing for faster and cheaper manufacturing processes.

As a result, everyday items such as automobiles, radios, and household appliances became more accessible to the average person.

With this newfound purchasing power at your fingertips, you began to enjoy a lifestyle that embraced materialism and reveled in it.

The rise of advertising during this period played a crucial role in shaping the American Dream of the 1920s.

Advertisements promised you happiness and success through consumption - all you had to do was buy their products!

This focus on consumerism led to a shift in societal values; instead of prioritizing hard work and frugality like generations before you, your generation placed importance on leisure activities and living life to its fullest potential.

You attended jazz clubs or speakeasies after work while sporting fashionable flapper dresses or sophisticated suits.

It was an age where decadence knew no bounds - even with prohibition laws in place - creating an atmosphere that embodied freedom from traditional constraints.

In essence, the American Dream of the 1920s represented not only financial stability but also personal fulfillment through material possessions and hedonistic pursuits - something which would later come under scrutiny as unsustainable excesses paved the way for darker times ahead.

The Rise of New Industries and Technologies

Imagine living when new industries and technologies were bubbling up, transforming everyday life and opening doors to previously unattainable opportunities.

That's precisely what happened in the 1920s, as America experienced an unprecedented surge of innovation that would change the course of history.

During this period, groundbreaking inventions such as the automobile, radio, telephone, motion pictures, and electrical appliances proliferated nationwide.

These innovations revolutionized communication and transportation and gave individuals newfound freedom and independence.

The rise of these new industries had a profound impact on American society at large.

The automotive industry, led by pioneers like Henry Ford, introduced assembly line production techniques that drastically reduced manufacturing costs, thus making cars more affordable for average Americans.

This accessibility gave people greater mobility, allowing them to easily travel beyond their immediate surroundings - an essential factor contributing to suburbanization trends.

Meanwhile, the entertainment industry saw rapid growth thanks to advancements in film technology (such as sound synchronization) which captivated audiences nationwide.

As a result, Hollywood became synonymous with glamour and allure, attracting millions seeking fame or simply wanting to partake in this cultural phenomenon - embodying another aspect of freedom treasured by those living through the 'Roaring Twenties.'

The Influence of Celebrities on the American Dream

The 1920s was an era of significant social and cultural change in America, marked by the rise of a new generation of celebrities. These stars of the silver screen and the stage captured the imagination of the American public, and their lifestyles and successes helped to shape the idea of the American Dream.

Celebrities in the 1920s represented the ideal of wealth and success, which was seen as attainable by anyone who worked hard and had the talent and charisma to make it big. Movie stars like Rudolph Valentino and Clara Bow became symbols of glamour and sophistication. At the same time, jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington introduced new forms of music that became a hallmark of the era.

The rise of these celebrities was also linked to the growth of consumer culture, as people began to emulate their idols by purchasing the latest fashions and gadgets. This led to a new era of advertising, with celebrities endorsing products and brands, further cementing their place in the public consciousness.

But the influence of celebrities went beyond just fashion and consumer goods. They also helped to redefine the American Dream by challenging traditional gender roles and social norms. For example, stars like Josephine Baker and Bessie Smith pushed boundaries and broke down barriers, becoming symbols of female empowerment and Black excellence.

However, the celebrity culture of the 1920s was not without its critics. Many saw it as shallow and frivolous, a distraction from the more severe issues of the day. The excesses of the era, including Prohibition and the stock market boom, eventually led to the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression.

Despite these challenges, the influence of celebrities on the American Dream of the 1920s cannot be denied. They helped shape the era's cultural landscape and define the ideals of success and achievement that continue to inspire generations of Americans today.

Social Status and Material Wealth

In the 1920s, social status and material wealth took center stage, with many folks striving to attain these symbols of success.

This aspiration was fueled by an economic boom that allowed for more disposable income and greater access to goods previously reserved for the upper class.

Introducing affordable automobiles such as Ford's Model T enabled ordinary citizens to experience newfound freedom and mobility while showcasing their elevated social standing.

Additionally, the rapid expansion of advertising spurred consumerism and encouraged people to keep up with the latest trends in fashion, home appliances, and other luxuries.

The pursuit of material wealth translated into a preoccupation with appearances as individuals sought to display their success through clothing, cars, homes, and lavish parties reminiscent of F Scott Fitzgerald's 'The Great Gatsby.'

Social status became intrinsically linked to one's possessions and ability to project an image of prosperity regardless of financial security, consequently leading many Americans toward debt accumulation to maintain their desired lifestyle.

This obsession with materialism extended beyond personal belongings - even relationships were often based on superficial qualities or connections that could elevate one's standing within society.

Consequently, traditional values like hard work, integrity, and family bonds began taking a back seat compared to obtaining wealth at any cost - revealing both the allure and pitfalls associated with chasing after the American Dream during this transformative decade.

The Influence of Media and Advertising

As you're swept up in the glitz and glamour of the Roaring Twenties, it's hard not to notice the influential role media and advertising play in shaping society's desires and aspirations.

Newspapers, magazines, radio broadcasts, and even early forms of movies all contribute to the spread of consumer culture. Advertisements promote products that promise a better life - from cars like the Ford Model T to home appliances such as vacuum cleaners and refrigerators. These ads often tap into your subconscious desire for freedom by depicting images of modernity, efficiency, self-expression, and individual success.

The influence of media on public opinion is also evident in how they portray celebrities and their lifestyles. Famed sports figures like Babe Ruth or movie stars like Charlie Chaplin become symbols of success that you might aspire to emulate.

Magazines print photographs showcasing their lavish homes filled with luxurious furniture, stylish clothing, and elegant parties - all reinforcing the notion that achieving wealth is synonymous with living an ideal lifestyle.

As these images permeate society through various channels, they help shape your understanding of what it means to attain the American Dream during this era: accumulating material possessions while maintaining social status becomes central to many people's aspirations for happiness and fulfillment.

Youth Culture and the American Dream

The 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, was a time of significant social and cultural change in America. This era marked the emergence of youth culture as a distinct entity, and the pursuit of the American Dream took on a new meaning for the younger generation.

The youth culture of the 1920s was a rebellion against the conservative values of the previous generations. Young people of this era sought to break free from their parents' traditional roles and expectations and create their own unique identity.

The Rejection of Victorian Values

They rejected the Victorian values of the past and embraced a more liberal lifestyle.

They listened to jazz music, danced the Charleston, and participated in illegal activities such as drinking and smoking.

The pursuit of the American Dream drove this new culture. The American Dream represented the promise of economic prosperity and personal freedom for young people.

They believed they could achieve anything they wanted if they worked hard enough.

The economic boom of the 1920s fueled this attitude. The post-World War I era brought unprecedented economic growth and job opportunities. The younger generation saw this as an opportunity to improve their lives.

The rise of consumer culture also shaped the American Dream of the 1920s. Advertising became more prevalent, and consumer goods heavily influenced the era's youth culture. The rise of mass-produced clothing, cosmetics, and other products allowed young people to express their individuality through their possessions.

The emergence of youth culture was reflected in the media of the era. Magazines like The Flapper and The College Humor catered to the younger generation's interests. The film industry also reflected the changing values of society. Movies like The Jazz Singer and Flaming Youth depicted the lifestyles of young people and celebrated their rebellion against the older generation.

The Reaction of the Older Generation

However, not everyone embraced the youth culture of the 1920s. Many older Americans saw the younger generation's behavior as immoral and dangerous.

The rise of jazz music, dance clubs, and speakeasies was seen as threatening traditional values. The clash between the older and younger generations was evident in the Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925, which pitted religious fundamentalists against those who supported teaching evolution in schools.

The youth culture of the 1920s played a significant role in shaping the American Dream.

Young people of this era rejected traditional values and sought to create their own unique identity. They embraced the promise of economic prosperity and personal freedom fueled by the era's economic boom.

The rise of consumer culture and media also contributed to the emergence of youth culture. However, this cultural shift was met with resistance from the older generation, highlighting the generational divide of the time.

The 1920s marked a turning point in American history, where pursuing the American Dream took on a new meaning for the younger generation.

The Impact of the Civil Rights and Women's Movements

Civil Rights

The 1920s marked a decade of tremendous change in American society. The country experienced economic growth and cultural transformation following World War I, which fueled a new vision of the "American Dream." This dream no longer represented only the ideal of economic success but also a vision of equality and opportunity for all, regardless of race or gender. The Civil Rights and Women's Movements were two key drivers of this shift in thinking.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1920s emerged as a response to the systemic racism and discrimination experienced by African Americans in the United States.

This movement was led by prominent figures such as Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey, who advocated for equal treatment and rights for black Americans.

The Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was also characterized by the cultural movement celebrating African Americans' rich history and artistic achievements.

The impact of the Civil Rights Movement on the American Dream was significant. For the first time, African Americans could express their cultural and artistic identities in new and meaningful ways.

The Harlem Renaissance produced a wealth of literature, music, and art that challenged racial stereotypes and showcased black Americans' intellectual and creative capabilities. This cultural renaissance inspired a new sense of pride and identity within the black community and helped to reshape the American Dream to include a vision of racial equality.

Women's Movements

Similarly, the Women's Movement of the 1920s sought to challenge the traditional gender roles that limited women's opportunities and freedoms.

This movement was characterized by the fight for women's suffrage, culminating in ratifying the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

Women such as Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt led the charge for women's rights, advocating for equal pay, access to education, and reproductive freedom.

The impact of the Women's Movement on the American Dream was profound. The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote, a significant step forward in the fight for gender equality.

Women were also able to participate more fully in the workforce and pursue educational opportunities that had previously been closed to them. This newfound freedom and independence challenged traditional gender roles and paved the way for a new vision of the American Dream that included gender equality and women's empowerment.

The Civil Rights and Women's Movements of the 1920s played a crucial role in redefining the American Dream. These movements challenged the systemic inequalities and limitations that had previously defined American society and opened the door to new opportunities and possibilities for all Americans.

The impact of these movements can still be felt today as we strive toward a more just and equitable society.

Migration in the Roaring Twenties

In the 1920s, the United States underwent a dramatic social and economic change.

The post-World War I era was a time of optimism and opportunity, and many immigrants saw the United States as a land of limitless possibilities. For many, the American Dream was the promise of a better life, free from the poverty and oppression of their homelands.

Immigrants came to America from all over the world, but many were from Southern and Eastern Europe. They brought their languages, religions, and customs, which added to the rich cultural tapestry of the United States. Cities like New York and Chicago became melting pots of different cultures, with neighborhoods and districts reflecting their residents' unique traditions and practices. This diversity enriched American culture and contributed to economic growth and success.

Immigrants brought new skills, ideas, and innovations, spurring entrepreneurship and new industries. Today, the legacy of these immigrant communities can still be seen in the fabric of American society, from the foods we eat to the languages we speak.

Despite many challenges, immigrants persevered and pursued the American Dream. For many, this meant working hard and saving money to buy a home, start a business, or provide a better life for their children. Others sought education and professional opportunities to rise to the ranks of American society.

The 1920s also saw significant changes in American immigration policy.

The Immigration Act of 1924 imposed strict quotas on the number of immigrants allowed into the United States. This law was designed to limit immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, as well as from Asia. It reflected a growing sense of nationalism and xenophobia among many Americans, who believed the country was overwhelmed by immigrants.

Despite these challenges, the American Dream remained a powerful force in American society. Immigrants and native-born Americans alike continued to believe in the promise of a better life, and the 1920s saw many achieve success through hard work and determination. However, the legacy of this era also includes the darker side of the American Dream, including the exclusion and marginalization of many groups.

The American Dream and immigration were deeply intertwined in the 1920s. Immigrants came to the United States for a better life but faced many challenges and obstacles. The American Dream reflected the optimism and opportunity of the era, but it also reflected the inequalities and prejudices of American society.

The legacy of the 1920s continues to shape American culture and identity today, reminding us of the power of hope and the importance of inclusivity and equality.

The Changing Definition of Success

In the 1920s, the American Dream was defined mainly by pursuing wealth and material success. The post-World War I era saw a boom in industry and technology, leading to consumerism and a focus on individual achievement. People believed anyone could achieve financial prosperity and social status through hard work and determination.

This pursuit of success was reflected in popular culture of the time, from the emergence of new industries like Hollywood to the rise of sports heroes like Babe Ruth. Success was measured in terms of money, fame, and recognition, and the American Dream was seen as the ultimate prize for those who worked hard enough to attain it.

However, as the decade progressed, the definition of success began to shift. Some people began questioning whether wealth and material possessions were the keys to happiness and fulfillment. This led to a growing interest in spiritual and intellectual pursuits, with many people turning to literature, philosophy, and the arts to find meaning.

This shift was also reflected in popular culture, with the rise of new art movements like surrealism and modernism that challenged traditional notions of beauty and meaning. The American Dream began to be seen as more than just a quest for material success but a journey of self-discovery and personal fulfillment.

Today, the definition of success continues to evolve. While financial success and social status are still critical to many, there is a growing recognition of the importance of work-life balance, personal relationships, and community involvement. The American Dream is about individual achievement and creating a better world.

The changing definition of success in the 1920s reflected a more significant shift in American culture and values. While pursuing material wealth and individual achievement was still central to the American Dream, a growing interest in spiritual and intellectual pursuits challenged traditional notions of success. Today, the American Dream continues evolving as we strive to find meaning and purpose beyond pursuing wealth and recognition.

The Legacy of the Roaring Twenties

The 1920s, commonly known as the "Roaring Twenties," was a decade marked by significant social, cultural, and economic change in the United States. It was a time when the concept of the "American Dream" took on a new meaning, and its influence continues to shape the values and aspirations of modern Americans today.

One of the most significant contributions of the 1920s to the American Dream was the idea of consumerism. With the rise of mass production and new technologies, such as the radio and the automobile, Americans could access more goods and services than ever before. The growth of consumer culture gave rise to a new sense of individualism and personal freedom, where people could pursue their desires and aspirations by acquiring material goods.

Moreover, the 1920s was a decade marked by social and cultural change, particularly in gender roles. Women, in particular, began to challenge traditional gender roles and expectations. The ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920 granted women the right to vote, empowering them to participate in the political process and shape their destinies. Women also entered the workforce in large numbers, challenging traditional notions of domesticity and paving the way for future generations of women to pursue their career aspirations.

Another significant contribution of the 1920s to the American Dream was the rise of jazz and other forms of popular culture. Jazz music originated in African American communities and symbolized freedom, individualism, and rebellion against the status quo. It gave rise to a new sense of cultural identity, where people could express themselves through music, dance, and other forms of artistic expression.

The 1920s also saw the emergence of the "New Woman," a term used to describe women who challenged traditional gender roles and embraced a more independent and liberated lifestyle. The New Woman represented a shift away from the Victorian-era ideals of womanhood and paved the way for future generations of women to pursue their dreams and aspirations.

In addition to cultural and social change, the 1920s was a decade of economic growth and prosperity. The stock market boomed, and the economy experienced rapid growth, leading to a newfound sense of optimism and possibility. The economic prosperity of the 1920s laid the foundation for future generations of Americans to pursue their economic dreams and aspirations.

The 1920s significantly contributed to the American Dream, shaping the values and aspirations of modern Americans today. The rise of consumer culture, women's empowerment, the emergence of jazz and popular culture, and the economic growth and prosperity of the era all contributed to a new sense of individualism, personal freedom, and possibility.

The legacy of the Roaring Twenties lives on today, inspiring Americans to pursue their dreams and aspirations and strive for a better future.

The Global Impact of the American Dream

The American Dream, a concept deeply ingrained in the American psyche since its inception, has profoundly impacted the rest of the world. The idea that anyone, regardless of their background, could achieve success through hard work and determination has inspired people all over the globe to pursue their dreams and strive for a better life. This article will explore how the American Dream has influenced and shaped the world beyond the United States.

Firstly, the American Dream has been a beacon of hope and a symbol of freedom for people living under oppressive regimes. Throughout history, people have considered the United States a model of democracy and human rights, and the American Dream has played a significant role in this perception.

For many, the American Dream represents the idea that with hard work and perseverance, they, too, can achieve success and escape the tyranny of their governments. This has been evident in the numerous waves of immigration to the United States throughout the centuries. People sought to escape poverty and oppression in their home countries and build better lives for themselves and their families.

Secondly, the American Dream has had a profound impact on global culture. From Hollywood movies to popular music, American culture has been exported around the world, shaping the tastes and preferences of people in every corner of the globe.

The idea of the American Dream has been a recurring theme in many of these cultural products, with characters striving to achieve success and happiness in a land of opportunity. This has helped to popularize the concept of the American Dream and make it more accessible to people outside of the United States.

However, the American Dream has not been universally embraced. In many parts of the world, it has been criticized as a narrow and exclusionary concept that ignores the realities of social and economic inequality.

Critics argue that the American Dream is built on individual achievement and ignores the structural barriers that prevent many people from achieving success, such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of opportunity. They also point to the environmental and social costs of the American Dream, such as the overconsumption of resources and the widening gap between the rich and the poor.

The American Dream has profoundly impacted the world beyond the United States. It has been a source of hope and inspiration for people living under oppressive regimes, a cultural touchstone that has shaped global tastes and preferences, and a controversial concept that has been the subject of intense debate and critique.

Whether it represents a model of success to be emulated or a flawed ideology that perpetuates inequality, there is no denying the global impact of the American Dream.

The Future of the American Dream: Challenges and Opportunities

As we move into the 21st century, the American Dream is being redefined in new and exciting ways. Traditionally, the American Dream has been associated with achieving upward mobility and financial success through hard work and determination.

However, recent years have brought new challenges to this ideal, including rising income inequality, stagnant wages, and systemic barriers to social mobility. In this essay, we will examine the future of the American Dream and explore the opportunities and challenges ahead.

One of the critical challenges facing the American Dream today is income inequality. The gap between the rich and poor has grown significantly over the past few decades, with the wealthiest Americans capturing a disproportionate share of the country's wealth.

This trend has made it increasingly difficult for working-class families to achieve economic stability and upward mobility. However, there are opportunities for change. Policies such as progressive taxation, increasing the minimum wage, and investing in education and job training programs can help to reduce inequality and create a more equitable society.

Another challenge to the American Dream is that many Americans feel they are working harder than ever but are not reaping the rewards of their labor. Despite productivity and economic growth increases, wages for many workers have remained stagnant. This has contributed to frustration and disillusionment among many Americans, who feel the system is rigged against them.

However, there are opportunities for change. Companies can adopt more equitable pay structures and provide benefits such as paid sick leave and parental leave to help workers achieve a better work-life balance. Additionally, policymakers can enact policies such as paid family leave and expanding access to affordable child care to support working families.

A third challenge to the American Dream is the persistence of systemic barriers to social mobility. Despite progress in civil rights and gender equality, many Americans still face significant obstacles to achieving their full potential. For example, people of color and those from low-income backgrounds are more likely to experience discrimination in the workplace and the criminal justice system.

Additionally, women continue to face a gender pay gap and are underrepresented in positions of power and influence. However, there are opportunities for change. We can work to dismantle systemic barriers to social mobility by investing in education, reforming the criminal justice system, and promoting diversity and inclusion in all areas of society.

The future of the American Dream is both challenging and full of opportunities. While there are significant obstacles to achieving the ideal of upward mobility and financial success for all, there are also many ways in which we can work to create a more equitable and just society. By addressing income inequality, stagnant wages, and systemic barriers to social mobility, we can build a future where the American Dream is within reach for all.

Why The American Dream Will Always Matter

The American Dream has been a powerful and enduring ideal in the United States since the nation's founding. At its core, the American Dream is the belief that anyone can achieve success and prosperity, regardless of background or circumstances, through hard work, determination, and ingenuity. While the definition of the American Dream has evolved, the fundamental idea remains the promise of a better life, a brighter future, and the freedom to pursue one's passions and ambitions.

There are several reasons why the American Dream will always matter. First and foremost, it speaks to the fundamental human desire for progress and self-improvement. The American Dream is about striving for something better, whether pursuing a higher education, starting a business, or simply building a better life for oneself and one's family. This drive for self-improvement is a universal human trait, and the American Dream embodies this desire in a uniquely American way.

Another reason the American Dream will always matter is that it reflects the values of individualism and self-reliance deeply ingrained in American culture.

The American Dream is based on the idea that success and prosperity are attainable through one's efforts rather than being handed down by the government or inherited from family wealth. This emphasis on individualism and self-reliance has been a defining characteristic of American culture since the nation's founding, and the American Dream continues to embody these values today.

Moreover, the American Dream has shaped American society and culture. Pursuing the American Dream has driven innovation, entrepreneurship, and social progress.

From the pioneers who settled in the West to the immigrants who built new lives in the United States, the American Dream has been a powerful motivator for individuals and communities to push beyond their limitations and strive for something greater.

In recent years, however, some have argued that the American Dream is no longer attainable for many Americans. The rising cost of education, housing, and healthcare, along with increasing income inequality and a rapidly changing job market, have made it harder for some to achieve the kind of success and prosperity that the American Dream promises. In response, some have called for a redefinition of the American Dream to better reflect the challenges of the 21st century.

While the American Dream's challenges are accurate, the ideal remains as relevant and vital as ever.

The American Dream is not just an abstract concept; it is a lived experience for millions of Americans who have achieved success and prosperity through hard work and determination. And while the path to achieving the American Dream may be more difficult today than in the past, the ideal remains a powerful motivator for individuals and communities to strive for something better.

In conclusion, the American Dream will always matter because it embodies the universal human desire for progress and self-improvement, reflects the values of individualism and self-reliance that are deeply ingrained in American culture, and has played a crucial role in shaping American society and culture.

While the American Dream's challenges are accurate, the ideal remains a powerful motivator for individuals and communities to push beyond their limitations and strive for something greater. The American Dream is not just a concept; it is a lived experience for millions of Americans and will continue to inspire and motivate future generations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the American Dream in the 1920s?

The American Dream in the 1920s referred to the idea that anyone, regardless of their background or circumstances, could achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and ingenuity. It was a time of significant social and economic change. The promise of a better life, a brighter future, and the freedom to pursue one's passions and ambitions was a powerful motivator for many.

How did the American Dream in the 1920s differ from previous eras?

The American Dream in the 1920s was marked by a shift towards a more consumer-driven society, with an emphasis on material possessions and the accumulation of wealth. This was in contrast to earlier eras, where the American Dream was more focused on the idea of the "self-made man" and pursuing individual success through hard work and determination.

Who was able to achieve the American Dream in the 1920s?

The American Dream in the 1920s was primarily associated with the middle and upper-middle classes, who had the financial means to pursue their ambitions and take advantage of the opportunities of the time. However, there were also examples of people from all walks of life achieving the American Dream, including immigrants, African Americans, and women.

What were some of the factors that contributed to the American Dream in the 1920s?

The 1920s was a significant social and economic change in the United States, marked by technological advancements, rising incomes, and a growing consumer culture. These factors, along with the end of World War I and the return of soldiers to the workforce, contributed to a sense of optimism and possibility that fueled the American Dream of the era.

How did the American Dream in the 1920s shape American history?

The American Dream in the 1920s profoundly impacted American society and culture, shaping everything from the rise of consumerism and mass media to the emergence of new cultural trends like jazz music and the flapper lifestyle. It also contributed to a period of economic growth and prosperity but ultimately proved unsustainable, leading to the economic collapse of the Great Depression.

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The Golden Age of Opportunity: The American Dream in the Roaring Twenties

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Step back to the roaring 1920s, an era marked by dramatic social and economic change, when the "American Dream" took on a new meaning.

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The American Dream in the 1920s was not accessible to all

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The American Dream in the 1920s was not accessible to all

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However, the American Dream in the 1920s was not accessible to all. Discrimination and inequality were still prevalent, especially for African Americans, women, and immigrants. The 1920s were also a time of economic instability, and many people suffered from poverty and unemployment during the Great Depression that followed

https://gradesfixer.com/q/what-was-the-american-dream-in-the-1920s/

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During the 1930's, the ideal American Dream consisted of three criterions: two children, a marriage, and a three-bedroom house with the infamous white picket fence. During the 1930's, another one of the parts to the ideal American Dream was the ability to feed one's family. The Dust Bowl occurred throughout the 30's, forcing farmers in the midwest to move and contributing to the rising unemployment.

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During the 1930's, the ideal American Dream consisted of three criterions: two children, a marriage, and a three-bedroom house with the infamous white picket fence. The American Dream rose to its greatest fame during the 1930's as a result of the on-going Great Depression from 1929 to 1939. Thousands of Americans were going through tough times and looked up to the American Dream as a goal to achieve and strive for. The American Dream also lured millions of immigrants annually into the relatively new nation, further worsening the low employment rates and increasing poverty. At the beginning of the 1930's, one quarter of all wage-earning workers were unemployed, approximately 15 million Americans. During the 1930's, another one of the parts to the ideal American Dream was the ability to feed one's family. The Dust Bowl occurred throughout the 30's, forcing farmers in the midwest to move and contributing to the rising unemployment.

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During the 1930's, the ideal American Dream consisted of three criterions: two children, a marriage, and a three-bedroom house with the infamous white picket fence. The American Dream rose to its...

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The American Dream in the 1940s was about establishing stability after a tough couple of decades, which generally included a house in the suburbs, a steady job and a solid family unit. It was the decade in which standard of living rose dramatically and the culture of consumption began to gain traction. Furthermore, The 1940s were the decade for women to get in on the American Dream. They were by no means limited to the home as many had gained jobs while their husbands were at war and were intent on keeping them. Jobs gave them financial independence, as well as helping to increase industrial productivity, encouraging more people to buy American-made goods.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=1

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The American Dream Brought Lots of Changes in the 1950s

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The American Dream Brought Lots of Changes in the 1950s

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The American dream of the 1950s centered on nuclear families living in modern, suburban homes. However, not all was ideal. Family roles were changing. The business industry used color to target consumer behaviors. Everything from leisure activities to automobiles to appliances pushed for sameness and for keeping up with ones neighbors. The countryside itself shifted as new highways were built.  Changes were brewing below the surface of the American dream.

https://www.smokyhillmuseum.org/exhibits/online_exhibits_folder/1950s-an-american-dream.html

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The American Dream in the 1950s Was Mostly About Materialistic Things

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The American Dream in the 1950s Was Mostly About Materialistic Things

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If the American Dream of the 40s had been all about owning a home, in the 50s it expanded to include a car. After the war, the manufacturing industry transformed from making wartime necessities to consumer goods, making car ownership more affordable. The number of registered cars leapt from 25 million in 1950 to 67 million in 1958. Futurism, spurred on by the space race of the late 50s, made its way into domestic life. People wanted to have the latest washing machine, refrigerator, and any new gadget that would make life easier and more convenient. Products like the vacuum cleaner and the TV dinner (pictured) promised to do just that, and advertising helped to emphasise the benefits these items would bring.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=8

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The 60s heralded further prosperity, with family incomes rising across the board, a growing economy and increased consumption of goods. Yet it was also a decade in which the American Dream was transformed: traditional ideals centered around the home and family were superseded by broader movements for freedom, peace and equality for the younger generation. The American Dream had long been criticized for being exclusive to the white middle-classes – something which civil rights activists were intent on changing. In Martin Luther King Jr.’s iconic speech in 1963, he said, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'” A year later, when the Civil Rights Act was passed and racial segregation was made illegal, that dream came within closer reach for many Americans.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=14

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At the beginning of the 70s, one invention was set to change the world: the jumbo jet. Promising to make flying more widespread, the Boeing 747 had its first commercial flight on 15 January 1970, from New York to London. This paved the way for a decade in which the American Dream which would become increasingly associated with technology, progress and personal wealth. The Watergate Scandal of 1972 was one of the biggest political scandals of the century. Burglars were caught in Democratic offices stealing documents for President Richard Nixon, and two years later, despite Nixon’s arduous cover-up attempts, he finally confessed his involvement and stepped down. This sowed the seeds for a growing mistrust of government that would transform the face of the American Dream.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=18

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Technology was important for The American Dream in the 1980s

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Technology was important for The American Dream in the 1980s

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In the 80s, technology played an increasingly large role in the American Dream. The release of the first Macintosh computer in 1984 paved the way for a new era where people wanted the latest tech for their home, and consumer spending took off as baby-boomers hit their highest earning years. But this culture drove people to spend more than they earned: household debt went from 48% of GDP in 1980 to 59% of GDP in 1990 – an upward trajectory that would continue until the recession of 2008.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=21

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Celebrities became examples of what a wealthy American Dream would look like in the 1980s

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Celebrities became examples of what a wealthy American Dream would look like in the 1980s

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Celebrities became icons for new ideals of wealth and excess, earning multi-million-dollar incomes and splashing the cash with extravagant purchases. Mike Tyson is a prime example: the boxer rose to meteoric success in the mid-80s, leading to enormous media attention which was coined “Tyson-mania”, and buying everything from gold cars to his own personal white tigers. Furthermore, “I went to New York. I had a dream. I wanted to be a big star… I worked really hard and my dream came true”. Those were the words of Madonna on her 1985 Like A Virgin tour, which reflects how the American Dream was still focused on how hard work could bring success. From moving to New York with little more than a few dollars to becoming an international pop sensation, Madonna’s story reinforced the notion that determination and persistence could make dreams come true.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=23

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In the 1990s, you’d find that the traditional ideal of prosperity and success mainly consisted of owning a home, having a steady job with decent pay, and raising a family in security. This American Dream was deeply ingrained in society’s consciousness, fueled by the post-war economic boom, and promoted through popular media such as television shows and movies. It served as an aspirational goal for many Americans who saw this dream as attainable through hard work, determination, and playing by the rules. Economic stability became the new gold standard for success during the 90s. This was a decade when you could dream big and realize those dreams. The economy was strong, unemployment rates were low, and inflation was under control. You witnessed a technology boom that created new industries and jobs. Homeownership rates also soared – owning your own home wasn’t just a dream anymore but an achievable reality for many Americans.

https://brilliantio.com/what-was-the-american-dream-in-the-1990s/

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Later in the 2000s, with the crash of the economy, the American dream shifted towards the idea of financial security vs. gaining more things. Additionally, in the 00s, the American Dream was divided along generational fault lines. While baby boomers had reached peaks in their careers, it wasn’t quite the same for young people, as middle-class jobs disappeared during the recession of 2008 and many bounced from one low-paid job to the next. Reality TV such as Keeping up with the Kardashians became huge in this decade, perhaps because it sold a dream that anyone could “make it” by having a big personality, looking good or entertaining people. Lastly, Mark Zuckerberg created Facebook along with friends from Harvard in 2004, and the idea immediately took off. Not only did Zuckerberg become the world’s youngest self-made billionaire four years later at the age of 23, but Facebook paved the way for a new age of social media. A second dotcom boom made Silicon Valley's next wave of entrepreneurs very rich.

https://www.lovemoney.com/galleries/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born?page=30

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1. Dickinson took an unusual approach to poetry. Her poetry was joined with several dashes of various lengths and orientations (horizontal and vertical), as her original manuscripts show, but early editors cleaned up her unusual markings and published her poems without her original notations. The impact of Dickinson's weird punctuation on the rhythm and underlying content of her poems is still up for debate among experts.
https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/89564/11-poetic-facts-about-emily-dickinson

2. Although Emily was never converted to Calvinism, the doctrines of the faith appear to have had a big impact on her. Dickinson became attracted to Transcendentalism and Protestant doctrine, yet she never gave up her belief in the immortal soul.
https://www.emilydickinson.net/emily-dickinson-facts.jsp

3. She lived in isolation for the final 20 years of her life, rarely leaving her house, hiding when the doorbell rang, and frequently choosing to communicate with visitors through a darkened door rather than in person. According to some beliefs, this might have happened as a result of her serious anxiety or a medical issue that made her tense among people. Others believe that the author simply chose to remain focused since she was busy with her poems. Despite occasionally using letters as a way to keep the company away, she did maintain a social life through her communication, despite being described as "delicate" and having a "nervous prostration" by her sister.
https://www.readersdigest.co.uk/culture/books/10-interesting-facts-about-emily-dickinson

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1. After completing her high school education in 1935, Gwendolyn attended Wilson Junior College, where she earned an English degree in 1939. A Street in Bronzeville, her debut book of poems, was released in 1945. Both readers and critics appreciated it, and as a result, her writing career took off.
https://www.washburn.edu/reference/cks/mapping/brooks/index.html#:~:text=She%20graduated%20high%20school%20in,career%20soared%20from%20that%20point.

2. The next years witnessed Brooks garner many awards, including Annie Allen becoming the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. She also received a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Eunice Tietjens Prize from Poetry magazine, and the National Book Award nomination for poetry for her work In The Mecca from 1968.
https://manoflabook.com/wp/fun-facts-friday-gwendolyn-brooks/

3. At the age of 13, Brooks' first poem, "Eventide," appeared in American Childhood. By the time she was 17, she was regularly publishing poetry in the Chicago Defender, a newspaper that catered to the African American community in Chicago.
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gwendolyn-brooks#:~:text=Brooks%20was%2013%20when%20her,serving%20Chicago's%20African%20American%20population.

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1. His poems reveal the influences—ranging from his mother’s involvement with the Black Panther Party and his boyhood/teenage friendship with actress Jada Pinkett-Smith—that weighed heavily on his life and creative vices. Tupac’s poetry stands as a testament revealing the literary connections to hip-hop and black poetics.
https://projecthbw.ku.edu/uncategorized/poetry-of-tupac-shakur/#:~:text=His%20poems%20reveal%20the%20influences,hip%2Dhop%20and%20black%20poetics.

2. The rapper's name has Arabic and Peruvian Inca language roots. The final emperor of the Incan Empire in Peru was Tpac Amaru. The translation of Tupac Amaru's name is "shining serpent." Shakur, which meaning "thankful" or "appreciative," has Arabic roots.
https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/united-states/top-10-remarkable-facts-about-tupac-shakur/

3. Tupac wasn't just a fan of English literature; he also enjoyed listening to a variety of English and Irish singers, including Sinéad O'Connor, Kate Bush, Culture Club, and U2.
https://www.factinate.com/people/42-poetic-facts-life-death-tupac-shakur/

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Celebrating the birthday and literary legacy of Tupac Shakur, the HBW has selected a few of his poems to present to our viewing audience. His poems reveal the influences—ranging from his mother’s involvement with the Black Panther Party and his boyhood/teenage friendship with actress Jada Pinkett…

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1.  He was the tenth of 13 children, all of whom were given names that began with "A" at his father's request. His parents were farmers.
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ambrose-bierce#:~:text=His%20parents%20were%20farmers%20and,enlisted%20in%20the%20Union%20army.

2. Before being discharged due to a serious brain injury, Bierce served for years and participated in numerous battles and including the notorious Battle of Shiloh. Following his military duty, Bierce traveled back and forth between San Francisco and England, writing humor and satire for various magazines, before relocating back to the city to further his journalism career.

https://bookstr.com/article/5-fittingly-weird-facts-about-ambrose-bierce-the-grandfather-of-speculative-fiction/

3.  Many of his correspondents were notified in 1913 of his plans to fly to Mexico and join Pancho Villa's soldiers as an observer during that nation's civil war. He disappeared without a trace, and it's unclear how he died away.

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ambrose-bierce#:~:text=His%20parents%20were%20farmers%20and,enlisted%20in%20the%20Union%20army.

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Ambrose Bierce's literary reputation is based primarily on his short stories about the Civil War and the supernatural-a body of work that makes up a relatively small part of his total output. Often compared to the tales of Edgar Allan Poe, these stories share an attraction to death in its more bizarre forms, featuring depictions of mental deterioration, uncanny and otherworldly manifestations, and the horror of existence in a meaningless universe. Like Poe, Bierce professed to be mainly concerned with the artistry of his work, yet critics find him more intent on conveying his misanthropy and pessimism. His bare, economical style of supernatural horror is usually distinguished from the verbally lavish tales of Poe. In his lifetime, Bierce was famous as a California journalist dedicated to exposing the truth as he understood it, regardless of whose reputations were harmed by his attacks. For his sardonic wit and damning observations on the personalities and events of the day, he became known as "the wickedest man in San Francisco."

Bierce was born in Meigs County, Ohio. His parents were farmers and he was the tenth of 13 children, all of whom were given names beginning with "A" at their father's insistence. The family moved to Indiana, where Bierce went to high school; he later attended the Kentucky Military Institute. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Union army. In such units as the Ninth Indiana Infantry Regiment and Buell's Army of the Ohio, he fought bravely in numerous military engagements, including the battles of Shiloh and Chickamauga and in Sherman's March to the Sea. After the war Bierce traveled with a military expedition to San Francisco, where he left the army and began a literary career.

Bierce published two books of poetry, Black Beetles in Amber (1892) and Shapes of Clay (1903), which were later published as the fourth and fifth volumes in his Collected Works (1909-1912). A talented critic and satirist, his poems and other works were published in numerous newspaper columns for over 40 years, beginning with the Californian. In 1868 he became the editor of The News Letter, for which he wrote his famous "Town Crier" column. Bierce became something of a noted figure in California literary society, forming friendships with Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and Joaquin Miller. In 1872 Bierce and his wife moved to England where, during a three-year stay, he wrote for Fun and Figaro magazines, acquiring the nickname "Bitter Bierce." His first three books of sketches- Nuggets and Dust Panned Out in California (1872), The Fiend's Delight (1873), and Cobwebs from an Empty Skull (1874)-were published during this period. When the English climate aggravated Bierce's asthma he returned to San Francisco. In 1887 he began writing for William Randolph Hearst's San Francisco Examiner, continuing the "Prattler" column he had done for the Argonaut and the Wasp. Bierce relocated to Washington, DC in 1896, where he continued to publish poems, essays, epigrams, and short stories in newspapers and magazines.

Bierce's major fiction was collected in Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891) and Can Such Things Be? (1893). Many of these stories are realistic depictions of the author's experiences in the Civil War. However, Bierce was not striving for realism, as critics have pointed out and as he himself admitted, for his narratives often fail to supply sufficient verisimilitude. His most striking fictional effects depend on an adept manipulation of the reader viewpoint: a bloody battlefield seen through the eyes of a deaf child in "Chickamauga," the deceptive escape dreamed by a man about to be hanged in "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge," and the shifting perspectives of "The Death of Halpin Frayser." The classic Biercian narrative includes a marked use of black humor, particularly in the ironic and hideous deaths his protagonists often suffer. The brutal satire Bierce employed in his journalism appears as plain brutality in his fiction, and critics have both condemned and praised his imagination as among the most vicious and morbid in American literature.

Along with his tales of terror, Bierce's most acclaimed work is The Devil's Dictionary (1906), a lexicon of its author's wit and animosity. His definition for "ghost"-"the outward and visible sign of an inward fear"-clarifies his fundamentally psychological approach to the supernatural. In The Devil's Dictionary, Bierce vented much of his contempt for politics, religion, society, and conventional human values. A committed opponent of hypocrisy, prejudice, and corruption, Bierce acquired the public persona of an admired but often hated genius, a man of contradiction and mystery. In 1913 he informed many of his correspondents that he intended to travel Mexico and join Pancho Villa's forces as an observer during that country's civil war. He was never heard from again, and the circumstances of his death are uncertain.

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Ambrose Bierce's literary reputation is based primarily on his short stories about the Civil War and the supernatural-a body of work that makes up a relatively small part of his total output. Often compared to the tales of Edgar Allan Poe, these stories share an attraction to death in its more...

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1.  Because of her father's propensity for travel, Cisneros' family was forced to frequently switch between Chicago and Mexico City. Due to their frequent travel, they had to constantly change their schools and homes.

https://www.famousauthors.org/sandra-cisneros

2. Writings by Sandra Cisneros focus on building Chicana identities, exploring the challenges of straddling Mexican and Anglo-American civilizations, overcoming sexist attitudes in both cultural contexts, and dealing with poverty. For her insightful social analysis and captivating linguistic style, Sandra Cisneros has so far gained fame among Chicano and Latino communities that her book "The House on Mango Street" has been published abroad and is being taught in US institutions.

https://kidadl.com/famous-people-facts/sandra-cisneros

3. After her debut book was published, Cisneros gained enormous fame and positions as writers-in-residence at US colleges. She was a professor at a variety of universities, including the Universities of Michigan and California. She published a collection of short tales in 1991 under the title Woman Hollering Creek and Other tales after finishing her first novel. There are 22 stories in it, and a variety of narrative devices are used. Each story uses a unique storytelling technique, such as omniscient, third-person, and first-person narration. She also frequently addressed the development of female sexuality and identity, both of which were suppressed by the patriarchal culture of her day.

https://www.famousauthors.org/sandra-cisneros

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Sandra Cisneros is an established twentieth century American novelist, poet and short story writer. Her prominent works include The House on Mango Street (1984) and Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991).

Born on December 20, 1954, Cisnero grew up in Chicago, Illinois. Cisneros' father developed a travelling proclivity and her family had to constantly move back and forth between Chicago and Mexico City. Due to constant travel they had to keep switching school and find new place to live every time. The instability in the family made six of Cisneros' brothers to form a bond among themselves excluding their sister. The feeling of isolation aggravated as her father looked at his children as six sons and a daughter. In fact, the growing loneliness played a key role in developing her interest in writing. Her mother was the only one around her with an avid reading habit and social awareness and she made sure that her daughter would become an independent woman unlike herself.

Cisneros received her early education from a Catholic school Josephinum Academy. Here she polished her writing skills under a teacher's supervision. She wrote poems on the Vietnam War when she was ten and won recognition for her work. According to herself, she truly began writing when she got enrolled in a creative writing course in college. In 1976, she graduated from Loyola University, Chicago and two years later she earned Master of Fine Arts degree from University of Iowa.

She attended the Iowa Writers' Workshop where she was struck by a sudden realization that she had an advantage over her fellow writers for her rich cultural heritage. Being a Mexican woman instead of making her an outsider gave her the benefit to write differently without conforming to literary style of American canon which her classmates adopted. Her cultural diversity became a model for her writing in which she shared her experiences living in the Puerto Rican neighborhood of Chicago.

In her novel The House on Mango Street she drew inspiration from Mexican and Southwestern popular culture. She tried to depict the lives of the people she could relate to. Her stories were drawn from real life conversation she had heard from the people, especially the ones who were trivialized. She even confessed to recording the conversation in writing she had with people which she would later adapt into her writings. Another aspect that contributes to her unique writings style is her bilingualism and biculturalism treasure. Being familiar with two cultures enriched her work as she employed an array of experiences, thoughts and feelings with the help of diction from two different languages.

The publication of Cisneros's first novel earned her huge popularity and Writer-in-Residence posts at US universities. She taught at a number of universities which include University of California and University of Michigan. Subsequent to writing her first novel, she published a collection of stories, titled Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories, in 1991. It contains 22 stories and incorporates a wide range of narrative techniques. Each story employs different narrative style such as, first-person and third-person and omniscient narration. Besides that the theme of her works often addressed construction of female identity and sexuality which was repressed during her time by the patriarch society.

Sandra Cisneros contributions to American literature include; My Wicked, Wicked Ways (1987), Loose Woman: Poems (1984), Have You Seen Marie? (2012) and other notable works.

Buy Books by Sandra Cisneros

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Sandra Cisneros Biography - Sandra Cisneros is an established twentieth century American novelist, poet and short story writer. Her prominent works include The House on Mango Street

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This book's theme is all about survival. In The Hunger Games, we see a different North America. A North America in the future but a destroyed version now known as the nation of Panem. All districts must send one boy and one girl from the ages of 12 to 18 to fight in the Hunger Games held annually. The main character is a 16 years old, Katniss Everdeen, who decided to volunteer as a tribute in place of her little sister. She is actually great with survival skills, which leads her to make that weigh heavily upon survival against humanity and life against love.

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Read 208k reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Could you survive on your own in the wild, with every one out to make sure you don't live...

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Brave girl stands up against Texas teacher who told students God is not real 

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Brave girl stands up against Texas teacher who told students God is not real 

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On October 28, 2015, a young girl did something incredible and stood up against an atheist teacher, who would tell the students that God isn't real. A odd reading assignment that challenged the class to state that God wasn't real resulted in several students crying, but seventh-grader Jordan Wooley of West Memorial Junior High in Katy calmly testified during a hearing on the school system.
(click the pic for link)

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Brave girl stands up against Texas teacher who told students God is not real

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A brave Texas girl stood up to her middle school teacher who kept insisting that God doesn’t exist.

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Holly Tucker takes a stand at The Voice USA by singing a Christian song

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Holly Tucker takes a stand at The Voice USA by singing a Christian song

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In this society, what is now common is secular music and once you have a great voice with some of these common popular songs you will make the coaches turn. But worship music in The Voice really isn't a thing. Holly Tucker, took it to another level and took a stand and said "I will be different and worship my God in front of others." She wasn't accepted the first time but in 2013 she became a finalist and is now a country music singer!
https://www1.cbn.com/700club/voice-finalist-why-she-sings-god

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I really enjoyed doing this timeline all throughout both of the semesters. It was very pleasing and interesting to learn about American history through literature. Everyone has a story to tell, and this was evident through the short stories I read. There were stories for every time period and from all backgrounds. Throughout this timeline, we can see God's plan for all of us; we can see he wants us to prosper no matter the race, from Natives to Whites to Blacks, etc. He provided everyone in this timeline with intelligence to help this world advance in all areas because he knew we would one day need to modernize.