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for granted= darlo por sentado

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Verb /ˈkrʌm.bəl/ (regular PP/PS crumbled)
✑ US: to break into small pieces.
✑ ES: Desmoronarse, deshacerse.

e.g.

“The old wall crumbled.”

“Her confidence crumbled.”

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Verb /ʌpˈlɪft/ (Regular PP/PS uplifted)
✑ US: to improve mood or condition.
✑ ES: Elevar, animar.

e.g.
“The music uplifted my spirits.”

“She uplifted the team’s morale.”

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Adjective /ˈræv.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/

✑ US: extremely beautiful or attractive.
✑ ES: Deslumbrante, encantador.

e.g.
“She looked ravishing in red.”

“The view was absolutely ravishing.”

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Verb /suːð/ (regular PP/PS soothed)
✑ US: to calm or reduce discomfort.
✑ ES: Calmar, aliviar.

e.g.
“She soothed the crying baby.”

“This lotion soothes dry skin.”

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Adjective /ˈfrɪv.əl.əs/

✑ US: silly or not serious.
✑ ES: Frívolo, superficial.

e.g.
“She spends money on frivolous items.”

“He made a frivolous remark.”

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Verb /bɪˈwɪl.dər/ (regular PP/PS bewildered)
✑ US: to confuse completely.
✑ ES: Desconcertar, confundir.

e.g.
“The instructions bewildered me.”

“He looked bewildered by the question.”

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Adjective /ˌaʊtˈlæn.dɪʃ/

✑ US: very strange or unusual.
✑ ES: Extravagante, raro.

e.g.
“She wore outlandish clothes.”

“That’s an outlandish idea.”

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Verb /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ (regular PP/PS overlooked)
✑ US: to fail to notice; to ignore.
✑ ES: Pasar por alto.

e.g

“He overlooked a key detail.”

“Don’t overlook small problems.”

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Verb /ˈlɪŋ.ɡər/ (Regular PP/PS lingered)
✑ US: to stay longer than necessary.
✑ ES: Permanecer, quedarse.

e.g.

“The smell lingered in the room.”

“She lingered after the show.”

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Verb /ˈpɪn.pɔɪnt/ (regular PP/PS pinpointed)
✑ US: to locate or identify exactly.
✑ ES: Identificar con precisión.

e.g

“We pinpointed the source.”

“He couldn’t pinpoint the reason.”

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Adjective /ˈlɒf.ti/

✑ US: very high or ambitious.
✑ ES: Elevado, ambicioso.

e.g

“He has lofty goals.”

“The tower has a lofty view.”

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Verb /ˈweɪ.vər/ (Regular PP/PS wavered⁾
✑ US: to be uncertain or change your mind.
✑ ES: Vacilar, titubear.

e.g

“She wavered between two options.”

“He never wavered in his beliefs.”

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Phrasal Verb /dwel ɒn/ (Regular PS/PP dwelled/dwelt on)
✑ US: to think or talk too much about something.
✑ ES: Obsesionarse con, dar vueltas a.

e.g

“Don’t dwell on the past.”

“She kept dwelling on her mistake.”

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Adjective /məˈtɪk.jə.ləs/

✑ US: showing great attention to detail.
✑ ES: Meticuloso.

e.g

“She is meticulous in her work.”

“He kept meticulous records.”

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Verb /ˈhɪn.dər/ (Regular PP/PS hindered)
✑ US: to make it difficult to do something.
✑ ES: Obstaculizar, dificultar.

e.g

“Lack of sleep hinders performance.”

“Bad weather hindered progress.”

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Verb /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ (Regular PP/PS alleviated)
✑ US: to reduce pain or difficulty.
✑ ES: Aliviar.

e.g

“Medication can alleviate symptoms.”

“Efforts were made to alleviate poverty.”

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Phrasal Verb /diːl wɪð/ (Irregular PP/PS dealt)
✑ US: to manage or handle something.
✑ ES: Manejar, lidiar con.

e.g

“She dealt with the problem calmly.”

“Can you deal with this?”

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Adjective /ˈslɪp.ər.i/

✑ US: difficult to hold or walk on.
✑ ES: Resbaladizo.

e.g

“The floor is slippery.”

“Be careful — it’s slippery outside!”

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Adverb /ˈʌt.əl.i/

✑ US: completely or extremely.
✑ ES: Completamente.

e.g

“That’s utterly ridiculous.”

“She was utterly exhausted.”

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Adjective /ˈmuː.di/

✑ US: changing emotions quickly; gloomy.
✑ ES: De mal humor, cambiante.

e.g

“He’s so moody lately.”

“She gets moody when tired.”

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Phrasal Verb /let daʊn/ (Irregular PP/PS let⁾
✑ US: to disappoint someone.
✑ ES: Decepcionar.

e.g

“Don’t let me down.”

“She felt let down by her friend.”

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Verb /twiːk/ (regular PP/PS tweaked⁾
✑ US: to make a small change.
✑ ES: Ajustar, retocar.

e.g

“He tweaked the settings.”

“I need to tweak my essay.”

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Verb /ɡlɑːns/ (Regular PP/PS glanced)
✑ US: to look quickly at something.
✑ ES: Echar un vistazo.

e.g

“She glanced at the clock.”

“He glanced through the report.”

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Adverb /rɪˈɡɑːd.ləs/

✑ US: without being affected or influenced.
✑ ES: Independientemente.

e.g

“I’ll do it regardless.”

“She went ahead regardless of the risk.”

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Verb /deər/ (regular PP/PS dared⁾
✑ US: to have the courage to do something.
✑ ES: Atreverse.

e.g

“Would you dare to jump?”

“I didn’t dare say anything.”

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Noun /ˈaʊt.lʊk/ [C]

✑ US: perspective, or forecast for the future.
✑ ES: Perspectiva, pronóstico.

e.g

“The economic outlook is positive.”

“She has an optimistic outlook on life.”

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Adverb /ˈsel.dəm/

✑ US: not often; rarely.
✑ ES: Rara vez.

e.g
“I seldom eat dessert.”

“She seldom complains.”

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Adjective /ˈfʌs.i/

✑ US: hard to please; too concerned with detail.
✑ ES: Exigente, quisquilloso.

e.g
“She’s fussy about food.”

“He’s so fussy when choosing clothes.”

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Noun /ˈhæs.əl/ [C]

✑ US: something that causes difficulty or trouble.
✑ ES: Molestia, fastidio.

e.g
“Traveling without a passport is a hassle.”

“Sorry for the hassle.”

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Noun /bɒnd/ [C]

✑ US: a close connection between people.
✑ ES: Vínculo.

e.g
“They share a strong bond.”

“The bond between them grew.”

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Verb /kleɪm/ (Regular PP/PS claimed⁾
✑ US: to say something is true.
✑ ES: Afirmar, reclamar.

e.g
“He claimed to see a UFO.”

“She claimed her prize.”

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Adjective /tʌf/

✑ US: strong, difficult, or strict.
✑ ES: Difícil, fuerte.

e.g
“She’s a tough person.”

“It was a tough decision.”

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Adjective /ˈwɪt.i/

✑ US: using words in a clever and funny way.
✑ ES: Ingenioso, agudo.

e.g
“He’s a witty comedian.”

“She made a witty remark.”

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Verb /straɪv/ (Irregular PS strove PP striven)
✑ US: to try very hard to achieve something.
✑ ES: Esforzarse.

e.g.
“She strives for excellence in everything.”

“They strove to improve conditions.”

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Phrasal Verb /rʌn ˈɪn.tuː/ (Irregular PS ran PP run⁾
✑ US: to meet someone unexpectedly or to encounter a problem.
✑ ES: Encontrarse con alguien, tropezar con un problema.

e.g.
“I ran into my old teacher yesterday.”

“We ran into trouble on the road.”

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Adverb /əˈpær.ənt.li/

✑ US: as far as one knows or can see; it seems.
✑ ES: Aparentemente, por lo visto.

e.g.
“Apparently, he’s moving to Canada.”

“Apparently, she didn’t get the message.”

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Noun /ˈɪn.saɪt/ [U]

✑ US: a clear, deep understanding of a complicated problem or situation.
✑ ES: Perspicacia, comprensión profunda.

e.g.
“Her insight into human behavior is impressive.”

“The book gives valuable insight into modern politics.”

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Adverb /ˈlɪt.ər.əl.i/

✑ US: ¹In a literal way. ²(informal) Used for emphasis, even if not literally true.
✑ ES: Literalmente (a veces como exageración).

e.g.
“I was literally shaking from excitement.”

“She literally ran 10 miles without stopping.”

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Phrasal Verb /ˈfɪɡ.ər aʊt/ (Regular PP/PS figured out⁾
✑ US: to understand or solve something.
✑ ES: Resolver, entender, descifrar.

e.g.
“I can’t figure out why he’s so angry.”

“We need to figure out how to fix this.”

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Adjective /ɪmˈpres.ɪv/

✑ US: making you feel admiration because it is special, important, or very good.
✑ ES: Impresionante, admirable.

e.g.
“Her English is really impressive.”

“He gave an impressive speech.”

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Phrasal Verb /lʊk ˈfɔː.wəd tuː/ (Regular PP/PS looked forward to⁾
✑ US: to feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
✑ ES: Esperar con ansias, tener ganas de.

e.g.
“I’m looking forward to the holidays.”

“She looked forward to seeing her family.”

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Phrasal Verb /ˈkær.i aʊt/ (Regular PP/PS carried out)
✑ US: to do or complete something, especially something that has been planned.
✑ ES: Llevar a cabo, realizar.

e.g.
“They carried out the experiment successfully.”

“We must carry out the plan carefully.”

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Adverb /ˈprɒmpt.li/

✑ US: quickly, immediately, or at the right time.
✑ ES: Puntualmente, de inmediato.

e.g.
“She replied promptly to the email.”

“Please arrive promptly at 8 a.m.”

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Verb /kənˈvɪns/ (regular PP/PS convinced⁾
✑ US: to persuade someone to do or believe something.
✑ ES: Convencer.

e.g.
“He convinced me to apply for the job.”

“She was convinced by his argument.”

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Adjective /skeəs/

✑ US: not easy to find or get; insufficient.
✑ ES: Escaso, limitado.

e.g.
“Food was scarce during the drought.”

“Clean water is becoming scarce in some regions.”

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Adverb /ˈsted.əl.i/

✑ US: in a regular and continuous way.

✑ ES: Constantemente, de forma constante.

e.g.

“His health is improving steadily.”

“She worked steadily to reach her goal.”

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Adjective /ˈtɪm.ɪd/

✑ US: shy and nervous; without courage or confidence.
✑ ES: Tímido, reservado.

e.g.
“She gave a timid smile.”

“He’s too timid to speak in public.”

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Verb /ɡrɑːsp/ (Regular PP/PS grasped⁾
✑ US: to take or hold something firmly / understand something.
✑ ES: Agarrar, comprender.

e.g
“He quickly grasped the main idea.”

“She grasped my hand tightly.”

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Adjective /ˈlaɪ.kli/

✑ US: Probable or expected to happen.
✑ ES: Probable.

e.g.
“It’s likely that he’ll be late.”

“She will likely win the competition.”

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Verb /buːst/ (Regular PP/PS boosted)

✑ US: to increase or improve something.
✑ ES: Impulsar, aumentar.

e.g.
“Winning the award boosted his confidence.”

“The ad campaign gave sales a big boost.”

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Adjective /vɑːst/

✑ US: extremely big or great in size or amount.
✑ ES: Enorme, vasto, inmenso.

e.g.
“The desert is a vast, empty space.”

“She has vast experience in law.”

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Adverb /ˈbriːf.li/

✑ US: for a short time; using few words.
✑ ES: Brevemente, en pocas palabras.

e.g.
“She briefly explained the situation.”

“He paused briefly before answering.”

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Noun /ˈwɪz.dəm/ [U]

✑ US: the ability to use knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments.
✑ ES: Sabiduría, buen juicio.

e.g.
“She is known for her wisdom and kindness.”

“The book is full of ancient wisdom.”

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Noun /ˈwel.nəs/ [U]

✑ US: the state of being healthy, especially when actively maintained through habits or lifestyle.
✑ ES: Bienestar, salud integral.

e.g.
“The program promotes physical and mental wellness.”

“Wellness retreats are becoming more popular every year.”

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Noun /təˈnæs.ə.ti/ [U]

✑ US: the determination to continue what you are doing.
✑ ES: Tenacidad, perseverancia.

e.g.
“Her tenacity helped her finish the marathon.”

“He showed great tenacity in overcoming his challenges.”

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Noun /rɪˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [U]

✑ US: the quality of being able to be trusted or believed because of working or behaving well.
✑ ES: Fiabilidad, confiabilidad.

e.g.
“We need someone with proven reliability for this role.”

“The car is known for its reliability and performance.”

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Noun /hjuːˈmɪl.ə.ti/ [U]

✑ US: the quality of not being proud because you are aware of your bad qualities.
✑ ES: Humildad, modestia.

e.g.
“True leaders act with humility.”

“He accepted the award with great humility.”

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Noun /ˈfɔː.tɪ.tʃuːd/ [U]

✑ US: courage over a long period, especially in dealing with pain or adversity.
✑ ES: Fortaleza, entereza, valentía ante la adversidad.

e.g.
“They showed great fortitude during the crisis.”

“She endured her illness with quiet fortitude.”

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Noun /feɪθ/ [U]

✑ US: great trust or confidence in something or someone; strong belief in religious doctrines.
✑ ES: Fe, confianza, creencia (especialmente religiosa).

e.g.
“She has great faith in her team's abilities.”

“People from all over the world come here to express their faith.”

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Noun /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ.mənt/ [U]

✑ US: the act of giving someone support, confidence, or hope.
✑ ES: Ánimo, aliento, motivación, estímulo.

e.g.
“Her teacher’s encouragement made a big difference.”

“A few words of encouragement can mean a lot to someone feeling down.”

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Verb /ɪmˈpaʊər/ (regular PP/PS empowered)

✑ US: to give someone official authority or the freedom to do something.
✑ ES: Empoderar, autorizar, dar poder o confianza.

e.g.
“Education can empower people to break the cycle of poverty.”

“The law empowers local councils to set their own rules.”

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Noun /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/ [U]

✑ US: the state of being awake, aware of what is around you, and able to think.
✑ ES: Conciencia, estado de conciencia.

e.g.
“He lost consciousness after the fall.”

“Her consciousness of social justice grew during college.”

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Noun /ˈkɑːm.nəs/ [C]

✑ US: the quality of being peaceful, quiet, and without worry or anger.
✑ ES: Calma, serenidad, tranquilidad.

e.g.
“His calmness under pressure impressed everyone.”

“She spoke with great calmness despite the chaos around her.”

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Noun /ˈiː.ɡres/ [C/U]

✑ US: the act of leaving a place, or the way out.
✑ ES: Salida, egreso.

e.g.
“Emergency egress must be clearly marked.”

“The building must allow occupants to egress quickly during a fire.”

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Adjective /ɪˈref.rə.ɡə.bəl/

✑ US: impossible to refute or deny; indisputable.
✑ ES: Irrefutable, indiscutible.

e.g.
“He provided irrefragable proof of his innocence.”

“This is an irrefragable argument in favor of reform.”

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Adjective /ɪmˈpɔː.tʃən.ət/

✑ US: repeatedly asking for something, in a forceful or annoying way.
✑ ES: Importuno, insistente, fastidioso.

e.g.
“He was becoming increasingly importunate in his demands.”

“She ignored his importunate pleas for money.”

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Noun /ˈæm.ɪ.ti/ [U]

✑ US: a good relationship, especially between countries; peaceful friendship.
✑ ES: Amistad, armonía, relación amistosa.

e.g.
“The treaty was designed to promote amity between the nations.”

“Decades of amity were broken by the sudden conflict.”

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Noun /ˈtræn.zi.əns/ [U]

✑ US: the state of lasting for only a short time; briefness or temporary nature.
✑ ES: Transitoriedad, fugacidad.

e.g.
“The transience of life is a common theme in poetry.”

“She admired the beauty and transience of the sunset.”

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Adverb /ɪnˈdiːd/

✑ US: really or certainly, often used to emphasize something or to confirm and support a previous statement.
✑ ES: De hecho, en efecto, ciertamente.

e.g.
“Indeed, it was a remarkable performance.”

“‘Was he very angry?’ ‘Indeed he was.’”

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Noun /ˌɡær.ənˈtiː/ [C]

✑ US: A promise that something will be done or will happen, especially a written promise by a company to fix or replace a product.
✑ ES: Garantía

e.g.
“The product comes with a two-year guarantee.”

“They guaranteed delivery within 24 hours.”

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Noun /kəmˈpleɪnt/ [C]

✑ US: a statement that someone is unhappy or not satisfied with something.
✑ ES: Queja, reclamación.

e.g.
“She filed a complaint with the manager.”

“No complaints were made about the food.”

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Noun /ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/ (UK) [C/U]

✑ US: the process of asking a question or requesting information; an official process to discover facts.
✑ ES: Consulta, investigación, indagación.

e.g.
“We received over a hundred inquiries about the job position.”

“There is a police inquiry into the cause of the accident.”

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Adjective /əˈweər/

✑ ES: Consciente, darse cuenta de algo.

✑ US: knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a situation or fact.

e.g.
“She was aware that he was watching her.”

“Are you aware of the risks involved?”

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Noun /ɡeɪt/ [C]

✑ES: Portón, reja, puerta exterior.

✑US: a part of a fence or outside wall that opens and closes like a door, usually made of metal or wood.

e.g

“She opened the gate and walked into the garden.”

“The front gate was left unlocked.”

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Adjective /maɪld/
✑ ES: Suave, leve, moderado.

✑ US: not violent, severe, or extreme; gentle or moderate.

e.g
“We had a mild winter this year.”

“He has a mild headache, nothing serious.”

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Adjective /ˈtaɪ.di/

✑ US: Having everything in the right place and arranged in a good order.
✑ ES:Ordenado, limpio

e.g.
“Her room is always tidy.”

“I tidied up the kitchen after dinner.”

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Verb /ˈpær.ə.ʃuː.tɪŋ/ (Regular PS/PP parachuted)

✑ US: the activity of jumping from an aircraft using a parachute.
✑ ES: Paracaidismo, lanzarse en paracaídas.

e.g
“He went parachuting for the first time last summer.”

“Parachuting can be both exciting and terrifying.”

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Verb /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ (Regular PS/PP employed )

✑US: to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it.
✑ES: Emplear, contratar.

e.g

“The company employs over 200 people.”

“He was employed as a cleaner at the school.”

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Noun /lɔːn/ [C]

✑ ES: Césped, pasto.

✑ US: an area of grass, especially near a house or in a park, that is cut regularly to keep it short.

e.g
"He spent the afternoon mowing the lawn.”

“Children were playing on the front lawn.”

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Verb /ˈməʊ.ɪŋ/ (Irregular PS mowed PP mown or mowed)

✑ US: the act of cutting grass using a machine.
✑ ES: Cortar el césped, segar.

e.g

“He is mowing the lawn right now.”

“Mowing the grass is part of my weekend chores.”

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Phrasal verb /nɑːk ɪt ɔːf/

✑ES: ¡Déjalo!; ¡Basta!; ¡Para ya!

✑US: It’s often used to tell someone to stop immediately, especially when someone is being annoying, loud, or misbehaving.

e.g

"Knock it off! You're being really loud."

"The teacher told the students to knock it off and pay attention."

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Verb /ˈsnɪf.əl/ (Regular PS/PP sniffled⁾

✑ES: Moquear, sorberse la nariz.

✑US: To breathe in quickly and repeatedly through the nose, usually because you are crying or because you have a cold.

e.g

"You're sniffling a lot today - have you got a cold?"

"I scratched my jaw as she began to sniffle."

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Verb /dʒɒɡ/ (Regular PS/PP jogged⁾

✑ES: Hacer footing, correr.

✑US: To run a slow, regular speed, especially as a form of exercise.

e.g

"What do you do to keep fit?" "I jog and go swimming."

"He was walking at a very quick pace and I had to jog to keep up with him."

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Adverb/ Preposition /eɪm/

✑ES: Durante, todo el tiempo.

✑US: In every part, or during the whole period of time.

e.g

"The virus spread throughout the entire city."

"She was loved throughout her life."

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Verb /səˈraʊnd/ (Regular PS/PP surrounded⁾

✑ES: Rodear, cercar, envolver.

✑US: A result that your plans or actions are intended to achieve.

e.g

"The police surrounded the building."

"Love and support surround her during this difficult time."

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Noun /ˈʃʌv.əl/ [C]

✑ES: Pala.

✑US: A tool consisting of a wide, square metal or plastic blade.

e.g

"A snow shoveluna pala de nieve"

"A work crew digging with shovels"

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Verb /ɡræb/ (Regular PS/PP grabbed)

✑ES: Agarrar, coger.

✑US: To take hold of something or someone suddenly and roughly.

e.g

"He grabbed (hold of) his child's arm to stop her from running into the road."

"Grab your coat and follow me."

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Noun /məˈhɒɡ.ən.i/ [U]

✑ES: Caoba.

✑US: A dark red-brown wood used to make furniture.

e.g

"A handsome mahogany desk."

"Mahogany is one of the most valuable cabinet woods."

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Noun phrase /ˈdeə.ri ˈprɒd.ʌkts/ [C]

✑ES: Productos lácteos.

✑US: To food made from milk or containing milk (cheese, butter, yougurt, and cream).

e.g

"She is allergic to dairy products, so she drinks almond milk."

"Where can I find the dairy section?"

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Noun /ˌsɜː.viˈet/ [C]

✑ES: Servilleta.

✑US: A square piece of paper used while you are eating or cleaning your mouth and fingers.

e.g

"Could you pass me a serviette, please?"

"The restaurant provided cloth serviettes for a more elegant feel."

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Noun /mæt/ [C]

✑ES: Alfombra (también; tatami, colchoneta, esterilla).

✑US: A small piece of strong material that covers and protect part of a floor.

e.g

"Wipe your feet on the mat before you come inside."

"There was a rush mat by the entrance."

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Noun /ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ [U]

✑ES: Conocimiento.

✑US: The state of knowing about or being familiar with something.

e.g

"Her knowledge of english grammar is very extensive."

"They have good knowledge of a second language."