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The United States Supreme Court unanimously declared in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The 1954 ruling said that segregating educational facilities for white and African American pupils was fundamentally unfair.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights demonstration in Montgomery, Alabama, in which African Americans refused to board city buses to protest segregated seating. The boycott, which lasted from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, is widely recognized as the first large-scale anti-segregation rally in the United States.

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The "Little Rock Nine," as the nine teenagers were dubbed, were to be the first African American pupils to enroll in Little Rock's Central High School. Following the Supreme Court judgment three years prior, the Little Rock school board vowed to voluntarily desegregate its schools.

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This act established a Civil Rights Commission to investigate civil rights offenses, as well as a Civil Rights Division under the Department of Justice. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 enabled the punishment of individuals who infringed the right of US citizens to vote.

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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was established in 1960 in response to student-led sit-ins at segregated lunch counters throughout the South, and it quickly became the primary avenue of student engagement in the civil rights struggle.

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The Freedom Rides began in 1947, when CORE and the Fellowship of Reconciliation arranged an interracial bus travel across state borders to put to the test a Supreme Court judgment that ruled interstate bus segregation illegal.

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CORE and the Fellowship of Reconciliation organized the first Freedom Rides in 1947. It states that individuals have a moral obligation to breach unjust laws and take direct action rather than waiting for justice through the courts, which may take an eternity. In response to the label "outsider," King argues, "Injustice everywhere is a danger to justice everywhere."

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The March on Washington was a major protest march that took place in August 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The rally, also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, intended to call attention to the ongoing issues and inequality that people confront.

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The United States approved the 24th Amendment to the Constitution on January 23, 1964, barring any poll tax in elections for federal officers.

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Discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin is prohibited by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The provisions of this civil rights legislation prohibited sex and race discrimination in hiring, promoting, and dismissing.

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Freedom Summer, also known as the Mississippi Summer Project, was a voter registration drive held in 1964 with the goal of increasing the number of registered Black voters in Mississippi. Over 700 volunteers, largely white, joined African Americans in Mississippi to combat voter intimidation and discrimination at the polls.

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On stage at the Audubon Ballroom on February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was gunned down as his pregnant wife and four daughters took cover in the front row. Three members of the Nation of Islam—Mujahid Abdul Halim, Muhammad A. Aziz and Khalil Islam—were soon after charged with first-degree murder.

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On March 7, 1965, hundreds of people gathered in Selma, Alabama, to march to Montgomery, Alabama's capital city. They marched to ensure that African Americans could exercise their constitutional right to vote, despite a segregationist system that sought to prevent them from doing so.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson signed this measure into law on August 6, 1965. It prohibited the discriminatory voting practices that several southern states implemented following the Civil War, such as literacy tests as a requirement to vote.

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Martin Luther King Jr., an African American pastor and civil rights activist, was assassinated on April 4, 1968, at 6:01 p.m. CST, at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was airlifted to St.