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Inspired the French Revolution because led French people to change their thinking on being ruled by a monarchy.

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The American Revolution inspired the French Revolution because the French people modeled their constitution off the United States’.

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Louis XVI was the great-grandson of King Louis XIV and became the king of France in 1774. He wasn’t as strong a king as his great-grandfather because he was weak and easily influenced which leads crisis in France.

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The ancien régime was a system created in the Middle Ages that France used to separate their citizens. Everyone in France was separated into one of three estates based on their standings in society, they were broken into the First, Second, or Third estate.

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The Moderate Phase is phase 1 of four in the French Revolution. This phase is all about the creating of the National Assembly and how France became a constitutional monarchy.

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In May of 1789 Louis XVI called the Estates-General to order for the first time in over 100 years to discuss taxing the first and second estates.

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Members of the Third Estate created the National Assembly and named themselves the true representatives of the people.

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When the members of the National Assembly got locked out of their meeting room, they held their meeting on a tennis court and took an oath to continue meeting until a constitution was established.

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Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

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Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

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On July 14, 1789 a group of the third estate stormed the Bastille expecting to find tons of weapons and prisoners but when they got into the prison they only found five prisoners three of whom were deranged.

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Declaration of the Rights of Man (August 1789)

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Declaration of the Rights of Man (August 1789)

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The National Assembly issued their constitution “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.” The Declaration was molded off the American’s Declaration of Independence and stated a lot of the same rights.

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Women’s March on Versailles (October 5, 1789)

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Women’s March on Versailles (October 5, 1789)

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About 10,00 women and men marched through Versailles because they were angry at Queen Marie Antoinette for living in luxury while they were all starving. They stormed the palace and kidnapped King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, marched them back to the Tuileries garden and held them prisoner.

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The National Assembly broke into the Legislative Assembly. They had the power to collect taxes instead of the king, make laws and many more.

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This time of wars is known as the Napoleonic Wars because of France’s hero Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Reign of Terror/Radical Phase (1792-1794)

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Reign of Terror/Radical Phase (1792-1794)

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The second phase of the French Revolution is the Reign of Terror also known as the Radical Phase. The Radical Phase is when Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are executed leading to the end of the French monarchy temporarily.

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Jacobins take charge of the Legislative Assembly (April 1792)

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Jacobins take charge of the Legislative Assembly (April 1792)

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After taking control of the Legislative Assembly the Jacobins declared war on Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, and other countries.

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The National Convention put Louis XVI on trial and used him trying to flee to Verennad as evidence. His execution led to the end of the monarchy in France.

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Marie Antoinette beheaded (October 1793)

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Marie Antoinette beheaded (October 1793)

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Marie Antoinette was also put on trial and found guilty but she was held prisoner for a couple months after husband’s execution.

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The Reign of Maximilien Robespierre (1792-1794)

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The Reign of Maximilien Robespierre (1792-1794)

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During the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre  Robespierre took control of the National Convention, basically ruling France, after the death of the monarchy. He allowed the deaths of over 50,000 people by use of the guillotine because they disagreed with his policies.

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After years of listening to his policies the National Convention began to worry about Robespierre and eventually had him tried and executed in 1794.

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The third phase of the French Revolution is called the Directory. During the Directory phase, a five-man directory and two-house legislature was created. They were able to make peace with Prussia and Spain because they had cut back fighting since 1789. They also created a constitutional monarchy and elected Napoleon Bonaparte and Abbe Sieyes to rule France.

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The fourth and final phase of the French Revolution is the Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon was very popular with the French citizens because he quickly moved through the army and was a military hero.

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In 1799 Napoleon overthrew the Directory and took control with Abbe Sieyes. He also set up the Consulate, a three-man governing board.

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Napoleon put multiple policies in order to restore prosperity, order, strengthen the central government. These policies also got him support from all social classes because he made peace with the Church but he also didn’t mind what religion anyone believed in.

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In 1802 Napoleon claimed himself the First Consul for life because he helped create the Consulate in 1799. Two years later in 1804 he crowned himself the Emperor of France.

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He issued a new code of laws called the Napoleonic Code and this is his longest lasting reform. These new laws stated religious toleration, that all male citizens have equality, and abolished feudalism. However with these laws women lost most of their citizenship.

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Between 1804 and 1812 Napoleon was able to successfully battle most of Europe and he created a massive empire. He was able to do this by breaking his army into smaller armies and send them in multiple directions.

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Napoleon put the Continental System in place to stop European countries from trading with Great Britain because he wanted them to fail economically. However what he didn’t foresee was that Britain was still able to trade with America and India.

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After Russia pulled out of the Continental System Napoleon decided to invade Russia which could not have been a more horrible idea. Russia’s army retreated through Russia using the scorched-earth policy to hide their tracks and ruin everything so that Napoleon’s army wouldn’t be able to survive. After Napoleon retreated back to France he was down from 600,000 men to 20,000!

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Quadruple Alliance Defeats Napoleon (1813)

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Quadruple Alliance Defeats Napoleon (1813)

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Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, and Austria created an alliance in 1813 and defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig.

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In 1814 Napoleon abdicated the throne and was sent to Elba, a prison off the coast of Italy. King Louis XVIII was reinstated as king of France.

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In March of 1815 Napoleon returned to France after the return of Louis XVIII brought back fears of the old regime.

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In Napoleon’s 100 days back as ruler he accomplished more wars. On June 15, 1815 he lost against the British and Prussian armies in Belgium at the Battle of Waterloo. He was then forced to abdicate a second time and was sent to St. Helena’s, near the bottom of Africa. This ended the French Revolution.

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The Congress of Vienna redrew the entire map of Europe because they wanted to create lasting peace while keeping old order. Their goals were to create a balance of power, protect the monarchy system, and prevent French envision.

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The Concert of Europe allowed powers to meet to address problems that were affecting the peace in Europe. The statesman of Vienna created general European peace that lasted 100 years. What ultimately ended the peace was nationalism in Europe and Latin America.