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Blood Pressure is the lateral pressure exerted on the vessel wall.

The level of pressure exerted will be dependant on the nature of the vessel (arterial,venous,capillary).

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Cardiac Output x Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Cardiac Output - Your heart beats per minute multiplied by the amount of blood pumped with each beat.

Peripheral Vascular Resistance - The resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure.

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Systolic(top number and normally bigger) - Is the number of when the heart is contracting and pumping blood from the chambers into the arteries.

Diastolic(bottom number and normally smaller) - Is when the heart is relaxing allowing the chambers to be filled up with blood again.

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Systolic - 3 Seconds
Diastolic - 5 seconds
Total Cardiac Cycle - 8 seconds

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There are 5 phases to The Korotkoff Sounds and depending on the person some can hear only 2, whereas others can go up to 5.

Phase 1 - Clear tapping sounds that increase in volume.
Phase 2 - A blowing or softening sound.
Phase 3 - A soft dull sound.
Phase 4 - A distinct muffling sound that is low pitched.
Phase 5 - The loss of all sounds.

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Things that can influence Blood Pressure:

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Things that can influence Blood Pressure:

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- Excercise(makes your heart work faster to get blood around the body)
- Diet/Meals(after eating a large meal depending on the person their vagal nerve(controls digestion and heart rate) can get stimulated.)
- Sleep(bp gets lowered)
- Emotions(anger or being stressed can increase someone's bp)
- Periods(losing more blood can lower your bp causing dizziness and migraines)
- Age(arteries get stiffer causing bp to increase)
- White Coat Syndrome(Being afraid of health professionals)
- Pathology(illness/disease)

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- LVH (Heart Failure)
- Renal Problems
- MI (Heart Attack)
- Cardiac Problems
- Retinal Problems (eye)

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Baroreceptor Reflex - A pressure receptor that senses the blood pressure and relays the information to the brain, so that proper blood pressure can be maintained.

Chemoreceptor Reflex - transmits nervous signals to the respiratory centre in the brain when or to help regulate respiratory activity if it changes.

CNS Effect - Occurrences that happen to the brain that may affect your blood pressure (e.g.head injuries).

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Risk of something happening whilst under anaesthetic(like excessive bleeding or cardiac arrest/risks.