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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious DNA virus belonging to the herpesvirus group.

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In the primary infection, VZV causes chickenpox (varicella). After the primary infection, it remains latent in the body. Reactivation of the infection causes shingles (herpes zoster).

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The best way to prevent both is to get vaccinated.

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It can be acquired through direct touching of blisters, saliva or mucus of an infected person and can also be transmitted through coughing and sneezing.

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Individuals that are immunocompromised, unvaccinated children, and the elderly are at a higher risk.

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Chickenpox can start with symptoms of fever, headache, sore throat, and stomachache and eventually the classic rash will develop.

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Shingles can have symptoms of a painful rash or blisters that can appear anywhere on the body, along with shooting pain, tingling, and itching.

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Treatment for low-risk individuals with chickenpox is centered around relieving symptoms, such as an oatmeal bath and pain reliever. Patients that are high-risk may also receive antiviral medications.

In cases of shingles, treatment includes antiviral and pain relief medications.