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In the 1800s great changes took place in Europe. The spirit of "nationalism", meaning pride in one's nationhood and the need to defend it, had taken over the states in Europe. The European nations also competed for colonies in Africa and Asia as "imperialists" which meant that some of the European nations took over new lands or countries and made them subject to their rule. By 1900, the British rule expanded over five continents and France had larger areas of Africa

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A number of alliances between European nations were signed during 1879-1914 which were likely to lead to war in Europe as according to the treaty if any European country whose ally was attacked had to declare war on the country as the part of alliance agreement. Two main opposing parties were formed. The UK, France, and Russia came together in a group called the Allies and were later joined by USA and Japan. The other group Central Powers, comprised Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined them later.

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The spark that set off World War I came on June 28, 1914, when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria), in the city of Sarajevo.

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The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I, was around 40 million. There were 20 million deaths and 21 million wounded. The main battles were fought on the Western and Eastern fronts. The war was fought not only on land but on sea as well.

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The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.

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Four empires collapsed due to the war, old countries were abolished and new ones were formed, boundaries were redrawn, international organisations were established, and many old ideologies took a firm hold in people's mind

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Armistice on the Western Front. On Nov. 11, 1918, after more than four years of horrific fighting and the loss of millions of lives, the guns on the Western Front fell silent. Although fighting continued elsewhere, the armistice between Germany and the Allies was the first step to ending World War I. As a result the Allies won World War I after four years of combat and the deaths of some 8.5 million soldiers as a result of battle wounds or disease. The Triple Entente (also known as the Allies) lost about 6 million military personnel while the Central Powers lost about 4 million. At least 2 million died from diseases and 6 million went missing, presumed dead.