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I'm pleased with the choices I've made so far as they have enabled me to live a healthy life.

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To me, being healthy means having a strong physical, mental, spiritual and emotional foundation. health being the foundation of a proper and functioning body, I believe prioritising & engaging in activities such as healthy diet, physical activity & socialising is of utmost importance.

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For me, the most impactful aspect of Standard 12.3 is the fundamental necessity to recognize and cater to the diverse needs of patients from various cultural backgrounds. As it is not just an ethical obligation but a vital professional standard. I've come to realize that to provide culturally sensitive care to patients from migrant and refugee backgrounds, I must first understand my own cultural perspective. As a nursing student, I'm increasingly conscious of the systemic biases present in the industry. These biases can have a detrimental impact on the quality of treatment and health outcomes. Ethical principles are the backbone of nursing, and this is especially evident in Domain 7, which places a strong emphasis on quality and safety. This includes person-cantered care, equity, respect, and effective communication. I'm wholeheartedly committed to learning skills required to be culturally competent, self-aware, and ethically responsible. Having completed Competency 12, I believe I'm better prepared to provide culturally sensitive care to patients from diverse backgrounds. This cultural awareness allows me to tailor care plans in alignment with patients' values and beliefs, potentially improving their overall health outcomes.

(Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS, 2019)

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Australia has a rich history of providing refuge to those displaced by conflict and human rights abuses Australian Government, 2023). However, social determinants continue to impact the health of immigrants despite the country's inclusive policies and social programs. Three critical social determinants that I believe have a major impact on health are education, unemployment and job insecurity, and housing (World Health Organization, 2023). Education equips individuals with the knowledge and skills needed for better employment prospects and informed health decisions. However, many refugee children arrive with disrupted or inadequate education, posing a barrier to informed health choices.

Refugees also face higher rates of unemployment, which significantly impacts their economic independence and overall well-being. Low-skilled employment and language and cultural barriers often hinder their job search. Moreover, the inability to secure employment frequently leads to unstable housing. All Australians, including immigrants and refugees, grapple with housing instability, crowding, and exposure to environmental hazards, which can negatively affect their health. These socio-economic determinants significantly influence the health of migrants and refugees in Australia. By providing support, breaking down barriers, and promoting social inclusion, the country can ensure that newcomers thrive and contribute to society, thereby enhancing their own well-being and that of the nation.

Supporting refugee education. (n.d.). Www.roads-To-Refuge.com.au. https://www.roads-to-refuge.com.au/refugees-australia/supporting-education.html#:~:text=Most%20refugee%20children%20and%20young

World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Principle Health Issue that Refuges Face. 

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Principle Health Issue that Refuges Face. 

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Afghanistan, a landlocked in South Central Asia, is frequently exposed to seismic risks and has been plagued by continuous political conflict for two decades. Emergence of humanitarian crisis and a looming threat of systemic failure has impacted the lives of 24.4 million Afghans (Afghanistan | OCHA, 2023). As of June 2021, Australia was home to 67,030 Afghans, making Afghanistan the twenty-sixth largest migrant community in the country (Permanent Migration from Afghanistan, 2023). Among the Afghan population arriving in Australia, three likely health concerns are mental health issues, tuberculosis (TB and LTBI), and various blood-related conditions.

Mental health issues are widespread among refugees, often stemming from traumatic events in their home countries and the challenges of adapting to a new nation. Seeking support through discussions with friends, religious leaders, or counsellors is a crucial strategy to alleviate stress and express pent-up emotions.

Tuberculosis (TB) and tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. Both TB and LTBI present significant public health risks. In cases where refugees are suspected of having active TB, specialized assessment and essential infection control measures are recommended. Treatment for LTBI typically entails a 6–9-month course of isoniazid, with shorter regimens also available.

Anaemia, iron deficiency, and other blood-related conditions are prevalent among Afghan refugees. These conditions can be attributed by food insecurity and dietary restrictions. Suggested treatments include full blood examinations, iron supplementation, education on iron-rich diets, and, in cases of B12 deficiency, supplementation according to the severity of the condition (Australian Refugee Health » Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds, 2023).

Afghanistan | OCHA. (2023, October 10). Www.unocha.org. https://www.unocha.org/afghanistan#:~:text=Afghanistan%20is%20facing%20an%20unprecedented

Permanent migration from Afghanistan. (2023). Www.homeaffairs.gov.au. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-statistics/statistics/country-profiles/profiles/afghanistan

Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. (2023). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au

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Originally a Sanskrit word, "mandala" means “circle” and consequently, “world.” The mandala is meticulously crafted using a delicate array of colorful sand, with each grain positioned within the intricate circle. In Buddhism, creating a mandala to act as a focus of ritual and meditation has evolved into a highly elaborate process. Because mandalas are used for meditative purposes, they contribute to improving a person’s mental and spiritual health.

Creating a Mandala. (n.d.). Pluralism.org. Retrieved October 11, 2023, from https://pluralism.org/creating-a-mandala#:~:text=The%20mandala%20is%20created%20of

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 (Norbu Bhutan | Bhutan Tourism | Bhutan Travel Bookings, n.d.)

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Shakam Paa is a traditional Bhutanese meal consisting of dehydrated beef, dried chili peppers, and radishes. This Bhutanese specialty is not only a rich source of protein but also a fundamental component of the Bhutanese diet.

Patrick, C. (2019, April 8). Bhutanese Food: 10 Best Dishes That Foodies Must Try In The Land Of Thunder Dragon!https://traveltriangle.com/blog/bhutanese-food/

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Engaging in archery is a common practice in Bhutan during special occasions and gatherings. Participating in archery offers individuals the opportunity to enhance their upper body strength, concentration, mental well-being, and burn calories, all while enjoying the sport.

More Than a Hobby: Archery Is Good for Your Health. (2022, July 26). Archery360.com. https://archery360.com/2022/07/26/more-than-a-hobby-archery-is-good-for-your-health/

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Lemongrass, originating from Southeast Asia, is a plant with various applications in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Lemongrass oil is utilized as a remedy for fever and relaxation. Moreover, it is recognized for its potential in addressing conditions such as hypotension, seizures, pain relief, nausea prevention, cough suppression and more health conditions.

Shah, G., Shri, R., Panchal, V., Sharma, N., Singh, B., & Mann, A. (2011). Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemon grass). Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.79796

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Why Lemongrass is the Skincare Ingredient You Need

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Bhutan's national dance is the Cham Dance. Several masked dances are performed, typically by monks and laypeople dressed in vibrant costumes. These energetic dances are presented during Tshechus, the yearly festival in Bhutan.

Dances of Bhutan - Traditional and Vibrant Cham Dance. (n.d.). Www.holidify.com. https://www.holidify.com/pages/dances-in-bhutan-1201.html#:~:text=Cham%20Dance%20is%20the%20traditional

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Buddha point in Bhutan: worlds largest sitting statue of buddha.

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Bhutan is a Buddhist country. Although the Buddhism practised in Bhutan has its roots in Tibetan Buddhism, there are considerable differences in the rites, liturgy, and monastic structure of this religion. The constitution declares Buddhism to be the "spiritual heritage" of the nation; it also stipulates that the king must be Buddhist but also the "protector of all religions."

National Profiles. (2023). Www.thearda.com. https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=26c