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After the WW1 Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Iraq was administered by Britain.

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British imposed the Hashemite monarchy on Iraq.

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Iraq becomes an independent kingdom.

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28 of April : Saddam Hussein was born in Al-Ouja, in the north-center of Iraq.

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Following the abdication of his father Reza Khan, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi begins his reign as the constitutional monarch of Iran.

Hussein's foster father had been imprisoned because he was part of an attempt to drive the British out of Iraq.

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Khairallah was released from jail, so Saddam went to live in his household.

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1951: A crisis arises when Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh nationalizes Iran’s oil industry, upsetting the British who controlled oil through the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.

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1953: With the help of the CIA and MI6, the Shah overthrows Mussadeq in a military coup during August. This coup, which had no popular support, associates the Shah’s rule with British and American interests in safeguarding oil supplies to the West. The resentment of the Iranian people over this event grows during the next two decades.

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Saddam enrolled at Karkh High School, with the aim to be in the Baghdad Military Academy.

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Saddam fail the entrance exam from at the Military Academy

Saddam joined the Baath Party

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July: Hashemite monarchy was overthrown by General Abdul Karim Qassem.

October: Saddam showed his loyalty to Khairallah by assassinating a local government official in Tikrit, who had informed against him.

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October: The attempt to assassinate Iraq's ruler failed, Saddam became one of Iraq's most wanted men.

December: As he was in exile, from Damascus he left for Cairo where he spent the next three years

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Hussein graduated from high school in Cairo.

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Iraq actively researched and later employed weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Hussein enrolled for a law degree at Cairo's University.

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February : Hussein had the opportunity to return to Iraq as Qassem was overthrown and died, replaced by the Baath Party and military officers.

November : Baath party was removed from power.

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February: Saddam was rewarded for his loyalty by becoming a member of the Regional Command.

September: Saddam began plotting a coup against President Arif, because he aimed to acquire responsibility for security affairs.

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Saddam escaped from jail, after two years, because his conspiracy plans were uncovered.

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July :

Saddam Hussein escaped and concentrated on restructuring the Baath Party in Iraq, he formed a security apparatus, established a new military force, and expanded party branches across the country.

President Arif was overthrown from power by the Baath Party

As a reward for his efforts, Saddam was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council.

Ahmad Hassan Al-Bakr became the new president and with him in power, Hussein became one of the most influential figures in Iraq government circles.

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April: Signing the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union.

Nationalization of Oil Industry: Saddam Hussein nationalizes Iraq's oil industry, leading to a significant economic boost, with oil revenues increasing from $476 million in 1968 to $26 billion in 1980.

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June: Saddam Hussein purchased the Osirak research reactor from France.

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9 January: Protest in holy city of Qom against an official newspaper editorial denouncing Khomeini. Five fatalities.

18 February: Violent clashes between protestors and authorities in Tabriz involving government use of tanks and helicopter gunships to regain control. Thirteen fatalities.

19 August: The Cinema Rex in Abadan was burnt down killing more than 400 women and children. Both SAVAK and militant Islamists were suspected of the arson.

8 September: Protest against the Shah's rule in Jaleh Square in Tehran, despite the introduction of marital law. When the crowd refused to disperse troops opened fire killing 84 people. This event became known as Black Friday.

11 December: More than two million people went to Shahyad Square in Tehran. Their demands included the establishment of an Islamic Republic, the return of Khomeini and the overthrow of the Shah. The scale of the protest exposed the inability of the government to enforce law and order.

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January 16: Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, left his country never to return.

July : Saddam hussein become president

Saddam Hussein constructed his first chemical warfare plant near Akashat.

December 11: A mass rally in Tehran involving a crowd of more than two million people demanded “The Shah Must Go”

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Early 1980s

Cult of Personality: Saddam establishes a personality cult, with a permanent exhibition in Baghdad, extensive media coverage of his life, an autobiographical film titled "The Long Days," and over 200 songs praising him.

He also visits ordinary homes and villages in disguise and uses doubles for public appearances.

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Iraq produced significant quantities of Distilled Mustard (a blister agent), Tabun, and VX (both attacking the human nervous system).

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Modernization: The wealth from the nationalized oil industry is used by Saddam to carry out an extensive modernization program in Iraq, improving the economy, infrastructure, and institutions, as well as providing welfare benefits, tax cuts, and food subsidies to build support among the Iraqi people.

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March

Halabja Massacre: Iraqi forces, under Saddam Hussein's command, conducted a devastating chemical weapons attack on the town of Halabja, resulting in the deaths of 5,000 and injuries to 10,000 Kurds.

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Revolts and Brutality Against Shiites: After uprisings in Basta and the holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, Saddam's Republican Guard executed summary arrests and executions. Civilians were used as human shields, and women and children were shot on sight.

Marsh Arab Attack: Saddam targeted the Marsh Arabs in southeast Iraq in 1991, aiming to construct a new waterway. This involved destroying the marshes, using chemical weapons, and displacing the Marsh Arabs, leading to a significant reduction in their population from 250,000 to around 30,000.