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1 in 4 people suffer with mental health issues. We all have good and bad mental health. We don't talk about having positive mental health. People who are suffering from mental health issues don't usually inform their family's and doctors until about a year into it. This is because of the stigma surrounding mental health which includes the negative or discriminatory attitudes of the public. Mental illness needs to be diagnosed by a doctor in order for them to get the medication and help they need. There also has to be some form of treatment or therapy the individual is attending regularly in order to help them start their recovery.

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There are lots of different words and vocabulary used to describe people with mental health issues. 'Spastic' is an example of an offensive word used to describe people with conditions such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis and having a stroke. offensive words can be used to described people with mental health issues such as: lunatic, psycho, happy pills and retard. the language and vocabulary towards mental health has significantly changed over the years. this is because certain words used to describe people with mental health issues are now frowned upon by people and people with mental health issues are more accepted in todays society.

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cognitive main model describes how peoples thoughts and perceptions influence their live. The key to all mental disorders lies in irrational beliefs. ABC stands for Antecedents, behaviour and Consequences. depressed people develop this negative self-schema in childhood. due to parent or peer rejection or criticisms from teachers.negative schemas lead to systematic cognitive biases in thinking.

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based on the principles that psychological illnesses come from repressed emotions. the theory states that events in our childhood have a big impact on our adult lives.

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The biological approach is also known as the biomedical model. the basic premise is that psychological abnormality has a physical cause such as illness or disease. suggested that abnormalities could be genetic. abnormal behaviour can occur if the structure of the brain is damaged in some way. neurotransmitters are thought to be imbalanced in the nervous system of people suffering from psychological disorders. low levels of serotonin associated with depression. excessive amounts of dopamine associated with schizophrenia. siblings have a 50% chance of also getting schizophrenia, nieces and nephews have a 25% chance, first cousins have a 12.5% chance.

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focuses on the behaviour of a person in order to explain psychological problems. abnormal behaviour is learned through experience. all behaviour can be learnt and unlearnt. the association between stimulus and response creates phobias. a method of learning that suggests that we learn from the consequences of our behaviour. positive reinforcement - when a behaviour is following by a positive (rewarding) consequence, more likely to do it again. negative reinforcement - when a behaviour removes something negative, so we do it again. pr - anxiety or depression might receive the reward in the form of attention and concern. meaning they will repeat this behaviour in the future because they like the attention.

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it is sometimes possible to identify the causes of psychosis, one cause can be severe depression. severe depression can give an individual psychotic depression which can be cause due to stress or trauma they have experienced. physical injury or illness can also cause psychosis because if you have a high temperature, head injury or lead or mercury poisoning it can make you see things that aren't there. abuse can be another reason for psychosis as well as drugs. drugs can cause psychosis because you are more likely to see or hear things when using them. drugs will worsen psychosis if you are already experiencing it.

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some warning signs of psychosis are paranoid thoughts or uneasiness with people. these cause people to see things and hear things. another sign is withdrawing socially and being alone more, these signs of isolation are also signs of psychosis. another sign of psychosis is a decline in self care or personal hygiene. this is because of the lack of motivation people with psychosis feel. people with psychosis can also confuse their speech or have trouble communicating overall as they may suffer from anxiety or have a difficulty functioning.

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some symptoms of psychosis are hallucinations and delusions. hallucinations can cause them to do things they wouldn't normally do or that they shouldn't do. delusions and confused thinking can also be symptoms of psychosis causing people to think they are doing something they arent. difficulty concentrating can also be a symptom of psychosis this is because their thoughts may be disorganised which therefore makes it hard to focus on tasks. this is also due to the fact that psychosis can disrupt your thinking patterns.

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the effects of psychosis can impact an individuals way to function properly in their day to day life and therefore will require them to seek medical attention or support. psychosis can lead to changes in behaviour which can be seriously concerning for an individual. psychosis can cause sleep disturbances and impaired communication skill which can be crucial to a persons everyday life as they may become more distant from their friends and family. this could cause an individual to become depressed because of their lack of socialisation. people with psychosis can also have trouble distinguishing between what is real and not real. this can cause them much confusing which could eventually take a toll on them.

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some warning signs that may present themselves if someone has depression is if they have a continuous low mood or sadness. this may cause people to lose interest in things they usually would enjoy doing. another sign of depression if if someone is feeling hopeless or having low self esteem. this will mean they may be reluctant to leave the house due to being conscious of being near others. finally another sign of having depression is that someone may be intolerant or feel irritable towards others. this is going to make people with these signs of depression lose relationships that they have and cause them to become lonely.

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there can be symptoms of depression that is likely going to affect different areas of a person. a physical symptom is that they are likely to have have changes in their appetite of weight. this will normally lead to a decrease in a persons weight although it can be an increase. due to the lack of motivation someone with depression will have it is likely they will not care to eat well causing the change in weight. there are different type of depression that will lead to different symptoms although it is likely to affect the individual socially by leading to them going to less social events with friend's and having difficulties with work and family life.

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there is many different triggers of depression and many reasons that may lead to this mental health issue. one cause that is high in rates of depression is someones family life, this may be something that is going on at the current time or something that has occurred in childhood. this will happen as it is likely to have a big impact on someones self esteem leading to a problem like depression in later life. another thing that is thought to cause depression is pregnancy and giving birth, this is due to the hormonal changes that a person will deal with during and after pregnancy and also the physical changes in their bodies. these types of depressions are called post natal or antenatal depression.

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depression can lead to large effects on how someone deals with everyday life, this is due to the lack of interest they are likely to have in the activities they would usually find enjoyable. it is likely that they could end up with sleeping problems such as insomnia or sleeping to much. this is going to have a large effect on their daily life as it may lead them to having trouble in a job as they will not have enough sleep to be able to function well. another effect is that someone may develop difficulties with thinking or their memory.

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hallucinations and delusions are some of the main signs that someone may have schizophrenia. hallucinations are where someone may be able to smell, see, hear or hear things that they believe to be real but is actually non-existent. delusions are similar to this but it is a thought or a irrational belief that someone will hold onto even if it has been proven to them it is incorrect. another sign is that someone may begin to not care about their personal hygiene

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a person may feel like they have had a change in their emotions or the may that they are feeling. this would be a change due to the fact they may feel more sad than they usually would. they could also linking to this have what they feel is a drastic change in their behaviour. this may lead them to feel angry or upset with those around them that they would usually be happy to be with

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the exact causes of this mental health issue are still currently unknown to people. although it is thought that it is a link between different factors in someones life like their environment and physical factors they may deal with. drug and alcohol use is also thought to be something that could cause schizophrenia. other causes could be a stressful life event that may trigger this or even if there is a family history with people having schizophrenia may mean a person is more prone to this mental illness

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effect of this is that it may cause someone to have the inability to be able to hold a job or get one in the first place. this may lead to the person becoming homeless or having issues with alcohol misuse due to the lack of motivation they will feel in life. they also may be effected by this by feeling suicidal thoughts leading to attempts of suicide or self harm. this could lead to an increase of deaths from suicide which is extremely bad.

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there may be physical signs of a type of eating disorder if a person is feeling overly dizzy or tired, this is due to the lack of foods they are putting into their system to keep them healthy. another physical sign that someone may have an eating disorder is that they may develop problems with their digestion, this could range from diarrhoea or constipation. you also may notice that someone is developing an eating disorder if they are not eating much or as much as they used to.

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if someone is developing or has an eating disorder it is likely that they are going to spend a lot of time worrying about their weight and the shape of their body. they also may find themselves making themselves sick after they eat food or taking a laxative. people with eating disorders may also cut out meals or decrease portion sizes. some symptoms of eating disorders may be dramatic weight loss due to the fact that they are not eating as much. wearing clothing which is baggier and looser than normal in order to hide the weight loss. people with eating disorders may also be exercising excessively or stop menstruating. this is because they feel the need to loose more weight as fast as possible and doing this can confuse the body causing menstruation to stop.

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causes of eating disorders can be thing such as being a perfectionist, having obsessive or compulsive feelings and having a fear of being labelled fat or overweight. this is because if someone is a perfectionist they want everything to look good and up to their standards. this means that if they believe they are even slightly overweight they will do anything in their power to loose some and be "perfect". if someone has a fear of being called fat or overweight then to them the only way to avoid being called that is by loosing weight. some environmental factors of eating disorders would be being bullied or abused at school or at home for your weight. this can cause eating disorders because it making a person feel bad about their bodies which will encourage them to try and loose weight. however, other causes for eating disorders can be a change in the brains hormone levels. this can cause an eating disorder even if the individual isn't experiencing any other symptoms. another cause of eating disorders a family history of eating disorders, depression or substance misuse.

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effects of eating disorders can be dehydration and malnutrition. this is because the body hasn't been receiving the nutrients it needs. effects of eating disorders can also be heart problems. this is because when the body doesn't get enough calories it starts to break down its own muscle and tissues for fuels. this means that if the heart doesn't get enough fuel then it will start to break down causing problems. slowed brain function is another effect of eating disorders. this is because if the brain isn't receiving the correct fuel then it wont be able to function as well as it can. hypothermia can be another effect because eating disorders can cause the bodies temperatures to drop and without enough fuel the body can drop into a state of hypothermia. gastroparesis is another effect, this can cause nausea and vomiting, stomach pain and bloating, blood sugar fluctuations, bacterial infections and feeling full quickly after a small amount of food.

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treatments for psychosis are full assessments of your needs, medicines, talking therapies and social, occupational and educational interventions. treatments for psychosis vary depending on the cause, meaning that you will receive specific treatment. another treatment is antipsychotics, these are usually recommended as the first treatment. they help you as they block the effect of neurotransmitters which transmit messages to the brain. however people with epilepsy or cardiovascular diseases will have to be monitored carefully. talking therapies are a treatment for psychosis because they may find that talking to people helps them.

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for mild depression treatments such as exercise and talking therapies may help because there is evidence that exercise helps depression. and they may find talking therapies useful because they can be in a group with others which will make them not feel alone. for moderate to severe depression antidepressants will be prescribed by the doctor. there are many different types of antidepressants, there are: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and many more. another treatment for depression is cognitive behaviour therapy. this aims to help you understand your thoughts and behaviours and how they affect you.

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most people with schizophrenia are treated by community mental health teams (CMHT). the aim to provide day-to-day support and treatment whilst also making sure that everyone has independence. another treatment is a care programme approach (CPA), there are four stages to this: assessment, care plan, key worker appointed and reviews. you will work with your healthcare team in order to come up with a care plan and it will also consist of combined healthy eating, physical activity and support for giving up smoking. antipsychotics are also used for people with schizophrenia, these help in similar ways to how they help people with psychosis but they help to stop acute schizophrenic episodes. talking therapies are another treatment for schizophrenia, by talking to someone it can help people deal with hallucinations or delusions better.

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treatments for eating disorders can consist of talking treatments for eating problems. cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED) is offered as a talking treatment. for anorexia you can be offered up to 40 sessions, for bulimia at least 20 sessions and for binge eating disorders you can attend group sessions unless you'd rather private. there are no medications for eating disorders, however, if depression or anxiety was a cause of your eating disorder you can be given medication to treat them as it may help the eating disorder. another treatment is admission to hospital or clinic, you may be sent to one of these if your doctor feels that you are very unwell or underweight, other treatments haven't worked or your home environment is making it hard for you to stay well. in hospital you will have the support from doctors and nurses whilst you will also be giving the nutrients you need through an iv and will be helped to eat meals.