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A Republic is a form of government where the leader is not a monarch and only certain citizens could vote. The male powerful landowners were the only ones allowed to vote in Rome

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In the beginning of the republic, Rome was surrounded by enemies. For 200 years Rome was engaged in continuous battle and started to create a large empire. The natural resources from the conquests increased money to trade and power and prestige.

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In order to rule Italy, the Romans made the Roman Confederation. But the Romans only allowed Latins to have full Roman citizenship. The other communities were made allies, this means they were allowed to run their local affairs but needed to give soldiers to Rome. In order to become full citizens the allies needed to be loyal. The genius of this is that Rome made the conquered people feel they and a stake in Rome's successes

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One thing that made Rome so successful was their strategies. First they had great diplomats. They were picky on who they would let be citizens and allowed states to run their own internal affairs. Another thing that made them successful was their military matters, they had accomplished and persistent soldiers. They also had brilliant strategists, they built roads as they conquered colonies and fortified towns throughout Italy. There laws and politics created political institutions in response to problems, as they arose.

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It all started with a wide area needing to be defrosted in order to destroy vegetation. Then they would need to find a solid base and create curbs to match the designated width for the road. Then to create the foundations they would use large stones and on top of those smaller stones. The surface layer would consist of gravel, clay, and sand. The roads had sloping sides in order for the rain water to drain outwards. Many carts and animals would be traveling on these roads, but in order to stop unauthorized vehicles they had ditches beside the road.

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The political structure has changed immensely over its existence. Under the Etruscans the Romans were ruled by kings. They distrusted this idea, so after they broke off the Etruscans they created a new system.  They had consuls and a praetor. Two new consuls  were chosen every year, they ran the government and led the Roman army to war. The praetor was in charge of civil law (laws that applied to Roman citizens. They continued to grow they needed another praetor to deal with cases concerning two non-citizens. The Romans also had many other officials who had other duties especially superivising the treasury

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Early Rome was separated into two groups, the plebeians, common people, and the Patricians, the wealthy people. Plebeians would must likely be craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers. The Patricians would be wealthy landowners who became Rome's ruling class and were elected into governmental offices.

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The Roman Senate was an important position in the Roman Republic and was a group of about 300 patricians who served for life. They advised government officials and could force the law. They had assembly, most notability was the Centuriate where they elected the chief officials and passed laws

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The conflict was between the plebeians and the patricians. All the laws benefited the patricians. The plebeians resented these situations, they served in the Roman army that protected the Republic. They believed that they deserved political and social equity with the patricians.This struggle will continue for hundreds of years with the plebeians succeeding in the end