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refers to the economic policies of President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, emphasizing tax cuts, reduced government regulation, and a belief that stimulating economic growth among the wealthy would benefit the entire economy.

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an economic philosophy advocating minimal government interference in the marketplace, allowing natural market forces to determine prices, production, and distribution.

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the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures through international trade, communication, and cultural exchange

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a political movement in the 1980s, led by religious conservatives, advocating for socially conservative policies and seeking to influence American politics based on moral and religious principles.

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an economic theory asserting that benefits provided to the wealthy and businesses will eventually "trickle down" to the rest of the population through job creation and economic growth

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actions by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates, influencing economic activity by managing inflation, employment, and overall economic stability

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the use of violence or threats to intimidate and create fear for political, religious, or ideological purposes

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government actions related to taxation and spending to influence the economy, aiming to achieve economic goals such as full employment and stable prices.

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individuals or policies advocating for social and economic equality, government intervention in the economy, and progressive social values.

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the general increase in the prices of goods and services over time, reducing the purchasing power of currency.

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reducing or eliminating government restrictions and regulations on industries, with the goal of fostering competition and economic efficiency.

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individuals or policies favoring limited government intervention, traditional values, and a free-market approach to economic issues.

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a U.S. law passed in response to the 9/11 attacks, granting expanded surveillance and law enforcement powers to the government in the name of national security and counterterrorism efforts.

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a global military and political campaign initiated by the United States in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, aimed at combating terrorism and its sponsors around the world.

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The 2000 U.S. presidential election, marked by a controversial recount in Florida, legal battles culminating in the Supreme Court's decision to stop the recount, and Bush's ultimate victory despite losing the popular vote.

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centered on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice related to his extramarital affair

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a trade agreement signed in 1994 between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, aiming to eliminate barriers to trade and investment and promote economic cooperation in North America.

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a political scandal in the 1980s involving the covert sale of weapons to Iran by the U.S. government to fund Nicaraguan Contra rebels, leading to Congressional investigations and convictions.

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involving the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office complex, leading to revelations of widespread abuses of power and subsequent resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.

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marked the end of direct American involvement in the Vietnam War, following the signing of the Paris Peace Accords. South Vietnam would later lose the war and Vietnam is communist to the day.

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enacted to address housing discrimination by prohibiting the refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person based on race, color, religion, or national origin, aiming to ensure equal housing opportunities for all.

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assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, when he was fatally shot on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel, an event that had a profound impact on the civil rights movement in the United States.

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assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, when he was shot and killed while riding in a motorcade, sparking a wave of investigations and conspiracy theories.

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over 200,000 participants, including Martin Luther King Jr., gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., advocating for equal rights and economic opportunities for African Americans.

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a series of nonviolent protests initiated by African American college students in 1960 at a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, challenging racial segregation and inspiring similar actions across the Southern United States during the civil rights movement.

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a 14-year-old African American, was brutally murdered in 1955 in Mississippi for allegedly whistling at a white woman, an event that played a significant role in the civil rights movement in the United States.

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Supreme Court Case that ended the segregation of schools.

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Vastly more powerful than atomic bombs. Capable of destroying entire cities and permanently irradiating countries.

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Theory that if one country uses nuclear weapons other countries will use them as well effectively ending the world as we know it.

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Created by President LBJ to improve the social welfare safety net in the USA.

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Significantly more powerful than past weapons. First used in Hiroshima.

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Military alliance primarily between the US and Western Europe.

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Created the World Bank and IMF to solve the world’s economic problems.

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Theory that communism must be prevented from spreading to other countries and that the USA must use military force to stop it if necessary.

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Successor to the League of Nations. Exists to solve the world’s political problems.

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Belief that if one country becomes Communist its neighbors would also become communist.

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The death and destruction of six million jews and five million other people by the Nazis during WWII.

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Named by Winston Churchill. This is the metaphorical demarcation between communism and democracy in Europe.

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Globally centered groups that try to solve world problems.

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Military alliance between countries in Eastern Europe and the USSR.

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Tax on imports

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The second, modern global war, starting less than 2 decades after the last. A significant portion of the world was involved, divided into Axis and Allied powers.

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A message from Germany to Mexico—decoded and shared by the British—that urged Mexico to invade the US to keep the US occupied in exchange for German support for Mexico taking back parts of the Mexican Cession

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Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation

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The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest.

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American military strategy in WWII to slowly claim territory across the Pacific, leading to the eventual defeat of Japan

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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically

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A popular way to describe the New Deal, referring to relief, recovery, and reform

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The political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

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The traditional belief that the United States should refrain from involvement in overseas politics, alliances, or wars, and confine its national security interest to its own borders

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The resolution to WWI that squarely blamed Germany by demanding billions in reparations and destroying German military infrastructure

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The principle that all countries should have equal access to any of the ports open to trade in China

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The campaign to allow female voters

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The prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol between 1920 and 1933

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International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. Sometimes considered a precursor to the modern UN.

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A captain and admiral in the Navy who was a prominent supporter of Imperialism

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President FDR's precursor of the modern welfare state. His programs were meant to combat economic depression and it enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy.

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The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in 1929 and approximately ending with the start of the next war.

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One of the most significant decades in US History because of the great changes that came about in American society, including the rise of consumerism, technology, and social and creative expression.

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The first, modern global war, started by the shooting of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The war is remembered for its violence and destruction, costing over 20 million lives and billions of dollars.

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A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat during WWI. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

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An uprising in China directed against foreign influence. It was suppressed by an international force of some eighteen thousand soldiers, including Americans. It paved the way for the revolution of 1911, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.

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War over the European control of Cuba, American won and gained: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and an alliance with Cuba

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A U.S. battleship exploded and sank in Havana Harbor; 260 Americans died. Although it was later concluded that it was an internal explosion caused by a fire in the coal bunker, the sinking provided an excuse for those eager for war with Spain.

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Patterns of movement across the country, including waves of new immigrants and formerly enslaved people moving toward urban centers

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Known as the steel king; he integrated every phase of his steel-making operation.He pioneered "Vertical Integration" to improve efficiency by controlling the quality of the product at all stages of production and eliminating the middleman

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A man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire. In Ohio in 1870 he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877 he controlled 95% of all of the refineries in the United States

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When writers sought to expose corruption in big business and government

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Positive name for wealthy business owners during the Gilded Age, implying that they helped the United States become strong through their business pursuits

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The age between the Civil War and WWI when the American economy grew rapidly and individuals were able to use monopolies to amass great wealth

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An organized group of workers that use collective bargaining to improve working conditions

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A system of economic production based on the private ownership of property and the contractual exchange for profit of goods, labor, and money

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Negative term for wealthy business owners during the Gilded Age who made fortunes by monopolizing huge industries through unethical business practices

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The railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical

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A banker who financed the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks. He bought out Carnegie and in 1901 he started the United States Steel Corporation

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The idea that extremely wealthy Americans had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good.

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A novel by Upton Sinclair that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago

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U.S. Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites

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A nonviolent strike that brought down the railway system in most of the West over wages. President Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery

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A violent strike in Pittsburgh over a decision to cut wages by nearly 20%. This strike ended with the destruction of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel workers, one of the largest unions at the time

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A labor protest rally in Chicago turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing

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Granted African American men voting rights

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Northern half of the country, a group of states that were generally anti-slavery

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People of a territory should themselves decide the issue of slavery

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Granted African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law

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When a state attempts to secede from, or leave, the nation it was once a part of

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Passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´

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Freed all slaves and abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States

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Loyalty or support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the United States as a whole

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Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions in an attempt to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South, this included that the Fugitive Slave Act was amended, the slave trade in Washington, D.C. was abolished, California entered the Union as a free state, a territorial government was created in Utah, and an act was passed settling a boundary dispute between Texas and New Mexico that also established a territorial government in New Mexico

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Southern half of the country, a group of states trying to separate over the issue of slavery

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Required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

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19th century belief that Americans had the God given right to spread across the whole continent

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Period after the Civil War during which Northern political leaders created plans for the governance of the South and a procedure for former Southern states to rejoin the Union

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John Wilkes Booth shot this leader in the head at Ford Theater, just days after the Civil War ended

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Where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee To Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865

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Issued by Lincoln to free all of the slaves in the Confederate states. The slaves in border states loyal to the Union, however, remained enslaved, it only applied to Confederate states in rebellion.

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Since slaves are property of their masters, a slave is not automatically granted his freedom when his master moves him to a free state or territory

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Sparked by a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the United States and a long-standing dispute over the southern border

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Opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies, but promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government.