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At home activity for reading comprehension 

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At home activity for reading comprehension 

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Its hard to not find a child that does not like playing on a phone or tablet. With that, there is a website called Prodigy English. It has a fun game background that children complete questions that unlock materials to build.

https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/prodigy-english/

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Prodigy English and Prodigy Math are both adaptive, engaging, game-based learning platforms designed to help students love learning. And all of Prodigy Math and Prodigy English's educational content is free!

In Prodigy English, players answer reading and writing questions to gain energy that allows their in-game character to build their own world.

In Prodigy Math, players answer math questions to help them win battles, complete quests and earn awesome rewards.

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Prodigy English and Prodigy Math are both adaptive, engaging, game-based learning platforms designed to help students love learning. And all of Prodigy Math and Prodigy English's educational content is free! In Prodigy English, players answer reading and writing questions to gain energy that allows their in-game character to build their own world.

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The parent can help the child with fluency by reading at home with the child. This can be done several ways like having the child read along with you, having the child listen to audio books and follow along with the print version, or having the child read phrases and words over and over again.

https://www.readingrockets.org/helping-all-readers/why-some-kids-struggle/target-problem/fluency

This website include more ways to incorporate fluency into home life.

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Fluency is defined as the ability to read with accuracy, good speed, and appropriate expression. In order to understand what they read, children must be able to read fluently whether they are reading aloud or silently. When reading aloud, fluent readers read in phrases and add intonation appropriately. Their reading is smooth and has expression.

Children who do not read with fluency sound choppy and awkward. Those students may have difficulty with decoding skills or they may just need more practice with speed and smoothness in reading. Fluency is also important for motivation; children who find reading laborious tend not to want read! As readers head into upper elementary grades, fluency becomes increasingly important. The volume of reading required in the upper elementary years escalates dramatically. Students whose reading is slow or labored will have trouble meeting the reading demands of their grade level.

What the problem looks like

A kid's perspective: What this feels like to me

Children will usually express their frustration and difficulties in a general way, with statements like "I hate reading!" or "This is stupid!". But if they could, this is how kids might describe how fluency difficulties in particular affect their reading:

I just seem to get stuck when I try to read a lot of the words in this chapter.

It takes me so long to read something.

Reading through this book takes so much of my energy, I can't even think about what it means.

A parent's perspective: What I see at home

Here are some clues for parents that a child may have problems with fluency:

He knows how to read words but seems to take a long time to read a short book or passage silently.

She reads a book with no expression.

He stumbles a lot and loses his place when reading something aloud.

She reads aloud very slowly.

She moves her mouth when reading silently (subvocalizing).

A teacher's perspective: What I see in the classroom

Here are some clues for teachers that a student may have problems with fluency:

Her results on words-correct-per-minute assessments are below grade level or targeted benchmark.

She has difficulty and grows frustrated when reading aloud, either because of speed or accuracy.

He does not read aloud with expression; that is, he does not change his tone where appropriate.

She does not "chunk" words into meaningful units.

When reading, he doesn't pause at meaningful breaks within sentences or paragraphs.

How to help

With the help of parents and teachers, kids can learn strategies to cope with fluency issues that affect his or her reading. Below are some tips and specific things to do.

What kids can do to help themselves

Track the words with your finger as a parent or teacher reads a passage aloud. Then you read it.

Have a parent or teacher read aloud to you. Then, match your voice to theirs.

Read your favorite books and poems over and over again. Practice getting smoother and reading with expression.

What parents can do to help at home

Support and encourage your child. Realize that he or she is likely frustrated by reading.

Check with your child's teachers to find out their assessment of your child's word decoding skills.

If your child can decode words well, help him or her build speed and accuracy by:

Reading aloud and having your child match his voice to yours

Having your child practice reading the same list of words, phrase, or short passages several times

Reminding your child to pause between sentences and phrases

Read aloud to your child to provide an example of how fluent reading sounds.

Give your child books with predictable vocabulary and clear rhythmic patterns so the child can "hear" the sound of fluent reading as he or she reads the book aloud.

Use books on tapes; have the child follow along in the print copy.

What teachers can do to help at school

Assess the student to make sure that word decoding or word recognition is not the source of the difficulty (if decoding is the source of the problem, decoding will need to be addressed in addition to reading speed and phrasing).

Give the student independent level texts that he or she can practice again and again. Time the student and calculate words-correct-per-minute regularly. The student can chart his or her own improvement.

Ask the student to match his or her voice to yours when reading aloud or to a tape recorded reading.

Read a short passage and then have the student immediately read it back to you.

Have the student practice reading a passage with a certain emotion, such as sadness or excitement, to emphasize expression and intonation.

Incorporate timed repeated readings into your instructional repertoire.

Plan lessons that explicitly teach students how to pay attention to clues in the text (for example, punctuation marks) that provide information about how that text should be read.

Browse our fluency library

Learn more about how to build children's fluency skills through our articles, tips for parents, video, FAQs, and research briefs. Visit our Fluency section

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Fluency is defined as the ability to read with accuracy, good speed, and appropriate expression. In order to understand what they read, children must be able to read fluently whether they are reading aloud or silently. When reading aloud, fluent readers read in phrases and add intonation appropriately.

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Parents can play a game with their children called, what is it. This is where parents tell the children they are thinking of something and then give content clues to guess. If the children are older, the parents could swap it up to have the children ask the questions.

https://empoweredparents.co/vocabulary-games-for-kids/

This website is great for having many activities for the parents.

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Building vocabulary in early childhood is all about exposing children to language - by talking to them, reading to them and generally exposing them to a language-rich environment.

You can also find fun ways to teach vocabulary by planning specific activities, such as playing games or engaging in interactive language activities.

Here are some awesome vocabulary games for kids that are simple and require no prep.

I've put together a list of easy games I used to play in my classroom that the kids loved. Play them in class, at home, on the way to school or while doing chores like making dinner together!

My personal favourite is the last game as it is a real challenge.

1. Categories

The Categories Game teaches children new words as well as their meaning, context and the relationship between words.

Choose a category - fruit, kitchen, the zoo, music, clothes, etc.

Make a long string of words that belong in the category by taking turns adding words.

Each word may only be said once.

If you repeat a word, choose a word that doesn't belong or simply run out of ideas, choose a new category and start again.

Stay motivated by writing down the record of how many words are in a category and attempt to beat it.

This game is great for teaching children to understand the context of words and how they relate to each other. Words do not live in isolation but work together.

Children may have a good vocabulary of general words but are also able to start developing some theme-specific words that are more unusual in everyday language.

As they grow up and develop more interests they also learn the jargon related to their interests.

While playing this game, try to throw in some interesting, less common words now and again when it is your turn, explaining any words that your children aren't familiar with.

2. What Am I?

This game is about finding the words to explain something. It will expand your children's vocabulary of adjectives and verbs.

The children close their eyes and you find any object in the room and hide it behind your back.

You must describe the object while your children guess what it is.

Use riddle phrases such as I am long, I am shiny, I am used to eat with, I hold liquids, What am I? (a spoon) .

Give as many clues as you need to until the object is guessed.

Once a child guesses correctly, it is their turn to hide an object and describe it.

The reason you should go first is to model how to use descriptive phrases without giving away what the object is.

The younger your children, the simpler and more obvious the clues will be that they use but as they get older they will learn how to be more cryptic.

It's often difficult to see progress in a child while you are teaching them something through play - the progress is noticed with time.

However, this is a game where you will see how quickly your children go from giving very short, obvious clues to using language to describe the texture, colour, size, function, etc.

3. I Spy

The game I spy with my little eye is an old favourite that children love playing. It is a variation of the game above and also teaches children to use language descriptively.

How to play I Spy:

Begin the game by spotting something in the same room you are playing in.

Describe the object briefly and let your children guess what it is.

For example: I spy something that is very small, blue and makes a noise if you shake it .

Whoever guesses correctly, has a turn to spy on something and let you guess.

To vary this game, only give one set of descriptions and then let your children have as many guesses as necessary.

In the previous game, the object was hidden, whereas in this one the object is in the room and therefore should eventually be spotted. You may want to add one or two last clues if they need some assistance.

The process of guessing and listing the many potential items in the room is also good for building vocabulary.

4. Odd One Out

In a previous game, children made a long list of words in a particular category. Try this game where you now present a list of words and your children have to think of the context of the words and pick out the word that doesn't fit.

How to play Odd One Out

Choose a category (without saying it out loud).

Say a list of 4 or 5 words, all belonging to the category, except one word which should not belong to that category.

Your children must spot the word that doesn't belong.

This is not as easy as the previous games because it requires another level of thought.

Because you are not telling your kids what the category is, they have to first listen to all the words and find a common relationship between all but one of them.

You can make this as easy or as difficult as you want, depending on your children's age and how much they are ready to be challenged.

Here is the difference between an easy round and an advanced round:

Here are more Odd One Out game examples.

5. A Bird Flies

Teach your children to use action words (verbs) with this simple vocabulary activity.

Choose an animal, person or object (e.g. a bird).

Ask your kids to think of something a bird does (e.g. a bird flies, a bird chirps, a bird sings, a bird hops).

Take turns choosing words.

6. What Is It?

This game is a variation of It teaches children comprehension skills by making them use the information they have to solve the riddle.

Choose an animal.

Describe it in a riddle: I'm thinking of something that lives in the sea, has sharp teeth and swims very fast. What is it?

Whoever guesses the animal, has a turn to choose an animal and make up a riddle.

This game also encourages creative thought as your children have to make up riddles and find interesting ways to explain their animal.

It is best to play this game using the same theme, such as animals, for a few rounds until your kids have learned how to make up a riddle.

Later on, try a different theme such as people at work (e.g. I wear a long coat, I work in a hospital, I sometimes do operations. Who am I? )

7. Once Upon a Time

Making up stories is a great way to develop vocabulary as well as creativity and imagination.

There are 3 ways to make up a story:
1. Using a familiar story
For younger children, use a storybook that they have heard before. Page through the story and take turns to "tell" the story on each page.

Your children will remember some of the story from hearing it before and will use the pictures on the page as clues.

2. Using an unfamiliar story

Use a story with pictures that your children haven't heard before and page through, taking turns to make up the story by interpreting the pictures.

Follow your kids' lead and continue the story from their interpretation, while bringing in new ideas and events based on the pictures.
3. Making up a story
Make up a story without a book. This is a great game for the car or for bedtime.

Make up a beginning, such as "Once upon a time there was a little bear in the jungle." Take turns, adding one line to the story at a time.

I used to play this game often in my classroom and it always got the kids in stitches!

8. Keep It Going

You can play this game anywhere, but the best place is while driving. It's a great game for learning nouns and thinking fast.

As you pass things while driving, take turns naming as many things as you can.

For example, say "tree, building, sign, traffic light, shop, chair, grass, clouds", etc.

Try to keep an unbroken chain of words throughout the trip.

This game is really fun and also requires a lot of thinking. Your children have to really concentrate and think on their toes to not break the continuous stream of words.

I hope you've enjoyed these games and activities for developing vocabulary.

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9 Simple Vocabulary Games for Kids in Preschool

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These vocabulary games for kids are great for playing at school, home or in the car and will build language skills while having fun.

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The parents can play a game called grocery store literacy with their children. This is where the parent and child decide on a letter and the child points out items at the store that begin with that letter sound. This can also be play anywhere, just pick out a letter.

The website below gives more ideas and videos to demonstrate how to play the activities with the child.

https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/your-kindergartener/phonics-and-decoding-activities

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Once children have a solid grounding in the sounds of speech (phonemic awareness) they are ready to learn how these speech sounds are connected with the letters of the alphabet. And they begin to learn that there are predicable patterns in sound-letter relationships. They will take their first steps into "decoding" - sounding out simple words.

In kindergarten, your child will start with basic CVC words (consonant-vowel-consonant words) such as c-a-p, say each sound individually, and then begin blending the sounds into a word. Decoding takes a lot of practice! You can help your child build phonics skills with some of the activities described here - and by offering lots of encouragement as your child gains confidence with this big step into becoming a reader.

Here are some basic tips on how to help your child build phonics skills:

Help your child learn the names of the letters and the sounds the letters make. Turn it into a game! "I'm thinking of a letter and it makes the sound mmmmmm."

That means to follow the words with your finger from left to right as you read them. Your beginning reader will do the same thing for awhile.

Beginning readers may read slowly. Give your child time to decode the words, and avoid jumping in too quickly.

If your child is stuck on a word, prompt them to look at the first letter of the word and make the letter's sound. Of course, only do this for words that can be sounded out! If the word can't be sounded out, just supply the word for them.

Try these phonics activities at home

Alphabet scavenger hunt

Be sure your kindergartner knows all of her uppercase and lowercase letters. One fun and easy way to practice is to pick up a favorite read aloud book and have your child find each letter in the print, in alphabetical order. Ask your child if some letters are harder to spot in every book, and guess why that might be.

Grocery store literacy

Choose a letter as you're walking into the store. Make a game of finding things in the store that start with that letter. For example, for the letter "p" you could find peanuts, popcorn, pineapple, paper and pizza. Emphasize the letter "p" and the sound it makes with each of your "p" words.

Trace and say

Have your child use a finger to trace a letter while saying the letter's sound. Your child can trace on paper, in sand, or on a plate of sugar. Next, see if your child can trace a simple two- or three-letter word (it, at, sat) and sound it out.

The "H Brothers"

Explain to your child that sometimes two letters will stand together to create one new sound. The "H Brothers" join with other letters to make the sounds: sh, ch, th, wh and ph. Write down some example words and use multisensory props and gestures to help your child remember the new letter combination. Here's a fun idea for telling the story of the H Brothers to reinforce the concept.

Fridge fun

Magnetic letters can provide lots of easy phonics practice right in your kitchen. For an alphabet refresher, ask your child to arrange the letters in alphabetical order. Next, ask her to pick out a letter, think of a simple three- or four-letter word that starts with that letter, and spell it out on the refrigerator. Can your child think of more words to spell with that first letter? Finally, see if she can change one letter in the word to make a new word.

Scrambled words

Draw three boxes side by side on a piece of paper. Using magnetic letters or letters written on paper, scramble the letters of a simple three-letter word (big, bug, top, ran) under the boxes. Have your child unscramble the letters and place them into the correct box.

Extra, extra!

Ask your child to find and cut out all the words in a newspaper or magazine that she can read. Glue or tape them onto a piece of paper and practice reading them together.

Dig into decodable books

Through read alouds, kindergarteners should be exposed to a wide range of books that introduce them to rich vocabulary and story structure. But there is also a role for decodable books to help your child practice beginning phonics skills. Decodable books contain a high percentage of words with predictable letter-sound relationships. You'll find a comprehensive list of K-2 books here: Decodable Text Sources.

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Phonics and Decoding: Activities for Your Kindergartener

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The goal of phonics instruction is to help children learn the alphabetic principle - the idea that letters represent the sounds of spoken language - and that there is an organized, logical, and predictable relationship between written letters and spoken sounds.

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One at home activity for Phonemic Awareness 

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One at home activity for Phonemic Awareness 

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One activity to do at home with children is to do a mystery bag for the letter sound they are learning about. For example if the parent was wanting to teach about letter p, the parent could put paint, a pumpkin, and a pineapple in a bag. The parent would then tell the child clues as to see if they could guess what was in the bag.

The website listed below is a great one for parents because it has several activities and information.

https://www.voyagersopris.com/blog/edview360/6-phonemic-awareness-activities-to-help-your-child-learn-to-read#:~:text=Practice%20phonemic%20awareness%20in%20just,t%20rhyme%20with%20the%20others.

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You've probably been reading to your child since they were an infant. But now that it's time for them to start reading on their own, how can you help them practice so they become a confident reader? Turns out, a fun game or two can help your little one grasp some essential skills for reading! One important building block to reading proficiency is developing phonemic awareness skills-and with a few sound games and everyday objects, you can practice them at home!

What Is Phonemic Awareness?

Phonemic awareness builds foundational literacy skills by teaching children that words are made up of individual sounds. Each sound is called a "phoneme," and individual phonemes blend together to build words.

Phonemes are different from letters. While there are 26 letters in the English language, each with an individual letter sound, there are 44 different phonemes, or combinations of letters that make up unique sounds. Twenty-five phonemes have a consonant sound, and 19 have a vowel sound. Phonemes are denoted by / marks around letters to show that they represent sound patterns instead of letters. For example, consider each different letter and sound in the word "bear." There are 4 letters-B, E, A, and R-but there are only 2 phonemes-/b/ and /air/.

An awareness of phonemes helps children who are learning to read because it teaches them about segmenting sounds in unfamiliar words. Because almost every word is made up of an initial sound and ending sound (more complex words have various middle sounds, too), phonemic segmentation activities that break up words can help make them more manageable for new learners.

There are a few key skills to master phonemic awareness:

Recognizing the first sound in a word (ex: words starting with /c/ like cat, cart, cough)

Isolating the first or last sounds in words (this skill helps develop the concept of rhyme)

Combining sounds to make words (this is often called "blending")

Breaking up words into separate sounds (this is often called "segmenting")

Removing a target sound and swapping it out with other sounds to make new words, like removing the /b/ phoneme from "bat" and adding the /r/ phoneme to change it to "rat"

Gaining an awareness of syllables (this skill helps with segmenting)

Phonemic awareness tasks involve listening skills, an awareness with letter knowledge, and a concept of speech sounds. Each phonemic awareness activity may take plenty of practice, but earlier segmentation practice can help transform average readers into confident learners.

Phonics, Phonemes, and Phonological Awareness: What Does It All Mean?

We've established that phoneme awareness activities improve reading ability by pairing phoneme sounds with written words. But there are two other similar and common terms tossed around when discussing childhood reading development: phonics and phonological awareness. What do these terms mean, and how are they related to phonemic awareness?

When kids learn about phonics, they're learning the relationship between letters to one another. Phonics might teach children that the letters "sh" or "ing" often go together. Phonics is a phonological skill that helps students understand how letters interact.

Technically, phonemic awareness is another phonological awareness skill. Phonemic awareness skills build on phonics knowledge by underscoring the sounds that letter pairs make, like understanding that the letters "sh," "ss," or "ch" can make the phoneme /sh/ in words like "mission," "chef," or "ship."

Phonics and phonemic awareness are both key skills that support phonological awareness. Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize similarities between words, like words that rhyme or those that start with the same sound, which is called alliteration. Phonemic awareness is the capstone of phonological awareness and the skill set with the highest difficulty level-meaning it requires plenty of practice at home and in a classroom setting!

If this all sounds quite complicated, don't panic! As you read this article, you're putting into practice phonics knowledge, phonemic awareness skills, and phonological awareness without realizing it. These skills are the foundations of literacy, and many children come to understand them through everyday classroom lessons. You don't need to understand the nuances of each concept perfectly to plan a fun activity or two to help your child learn them. Just focus on developing skills at an appropriate grade level for your child (more on that below), and the average reader will come to enjoy the challenge of trying out new words and sounds.

When Should My Child Start Learning About Phonemes?

Teachers generally start teaching phonemic awareness to preschool children. However, for children with language deficits or those at risk of reading failure, like students with a family history of dyslexia or those learning English as a second language, earlier segmentation practice can be beneficial to help make reading easier once it's taught in the classroom setting. As a parent, you can embrace the challenge and support your child by practicing phoneme awareness activities at home.

6 Easy Phonemic Awareness Activities You Can Do From Home

You don't need a ton of time or specific equipment to teach your child phonemic awareness from home. Grab a few familiar objects, a favorite book, and some plastic letters (if you have them), and you're well on your way to making phoneme awareness tasks fun! Try each phonemic awareness activity for 5-10 minutes to start; you can always build up to more time in the future once your child starts to understand the concepts involved.

Rhyme Time

Each activity for rhyme recognition helps your child to learn how to isolate the ending sounds in words. Rhyming awareness in preschool children helps them to sound out unfamiliar words when they come across them at home or during everyday classroom lessons. There are a few easy activities for rhyme recognition you can try:

If your child has a favorite book that rhymes, like a Dr. Seuss book, pull it off the shelf and read it together. As you read each line, encourage your child to try and guess the rhyming end of the sentence.

Think of a short, simple word, like "cat," and encourage your child to come up with as many rhymes to the word as they can. To add a visual component to help with letter association, you can say and spell the word using magnetic letters or colored blocks with printed letters on them. As your child makes each new rhyme, swap out the magnetic letter or block to show them what the new word looks like.

Pairing imagery with listening activities, like the activity above, can help your child to learn more quickly and easily (when some people say they are a visual learner, this is what they mean!). Another way to pair listening for rhymes with visualizing them is to print off pictures of everyday objects that rhyme. Think up several simple rhyming pairs, like "bat" and "rat" or "book" and "cook." Challenge your child to match each picture card with their rhyming counterpart.

Want an activity that requires no equipment and zero preparation? You got it! Practice phonemic awareness in just a few minutes by slowly saying aloud a list of rhyming words. Somewhere in the list, add in a word that doesn't rhyme. For example, you might say the words "bear," "chair," "desk," "hair," "air." Have your child try to identify which word doesn't rhyme with the others.

I Spy

You've probably heard of "I Spy" as a road-trip game, but it's easy to modify at home to help your child develop their concept of speech sounds. To try this phoneme awareness game, sit with your child in a familiar room, like their bedroom or the kitchen. Look around the room and pick out an object, like "crib," "book," "stove," etc. Once you've selected the first object and spoken its name aloud, challenge your child to identify other items they can see that start with the same sound. For example, "crib" and "cookie," "book" and "baby clothes," or "stove" and "sink."

This is another great activity to help add a visual component to phoneme awareness activities.!

Mystery Bag

This next activity takes a little more planning up front; but if you keep it simple, it can be an easy activity for you and a very fun visualization practice for your child.

To start, gather together a few everyday objects that start with the same phoneme. You might collect a "book," a "block," and a "ball," if you're adding in objects that start with the /b/ phoneme. Put all the objects into a bag or box, so your child can't see what they are. Now comes the fun part! Give clues to help your child guess one of the items in the box. Once they've correctly identified one object, pull it out and explain that all the items in the box start with same sound. Now let the guessing begin! Feel free to keep giving hints if needed, but give your child as much time and as many guesses as they need to identify the other items in the box.

Musical Syllables

For some syllable practice, try this simple activity. Give your child a small instrument, like a drum or maraca. Explain that they need to shake, tap, or clap for each syllable you read. Pick a few words with varying numbers of syllables (try to choose words ranging from one to four or five syllables) and slowly say them aloud while your child taps along!

Super Silly Sentences

Remember tongue twisters? Besides being super fun for young children, they're a great way to practice identifying words that start with the same sound! Challenge your child to see how many super silly sentences (i.e., tongue twisters) they can come up with and try and say them together. For example, "David doesn't dare dust doorbells!"

Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes

To do this fun activity, start by putting together a list of words with one to four different phonemes. Explain to your child that as you read each word, they'll touch their head for the first phoneme, their shoulders for the second, their knees for the third, and their toes for the fourth. For example, as you say "quick" they'll touch their head /k/, shoulders /w/, knees /i/, and toes /k/. This can be a difficult challenge, so be patient as your child tries to sound out each word.

Literacy Is Possible for Every Child

Learning to read is difficult for many children. But you don't have to teach your child to read alone! Voyager Sopris has resources to support the development of every child, such as our literacy programs for elementary schoolsand in math intervention programs. Check out our online reading programs for literacy support in children as young as kindergarten.

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6 Phonemic Awareness Activities To Help Your Child Learn To Read

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You've probably been reading to your child since they were an infant. But now that it's time for them to start reading on their own, how can you help them practice so they become a confident reader?

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Two Classroom Activities for Phonemic Awareness 

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Two Classroom Activities for Phonemic Awareness 

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One activity to have phonemic awareness in the classroom is to sing songs and use rhyming words. Use rhyming words with the children  help the children understand how words flow and how letter sounds can be the same in the words. This can be done different ways to help the needs of the children by having audio and visuals

A second activity that can be used in the classroom is to just read to the children. This is a basic activity that can be done with in all classes. Children are not only learning materials about what they are studying but also learns about phonics while having fun. While reading point out different letter sounds to the children. Teachers can use audio books and visuals.

Reading eggs. (n.d.). Reading Eggs | Page Not Found. https://readingeggs.com/articles/2014-10-15-phonemic-awareness-activities/

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One activity to learn phonics is a letter sound race. The teacher can split the children into two groups. The teacher writes the alphabet all over the board. One child from each groups stands up, the teacher calls out a letter sound, and the children race to the board to wipe off the letter. This can be differentiated by using different materials and or audio.

A second activity to learn phonics is playing smack the letter. This where the children us a fly swat to smack the letter when the teacher calls out the letter sound. This can be differentiated by using different materials based on the needs of the children.

14 phenomenal phonics activities for preschoolers

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Two Classroom Activities for Vocabulary 

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Two Classroom Activities for Vocabulary 

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One activity to build vocabulary is to play the game categories.  The teacher chooses a topic, like colors, foods, transportation. The students then have to take turns making a word train with their selected category. When the children run out of words, choose a new topic. This can be differentiated by using picture words/audio words.

The second activity to build vocabulary is to play I Spy with the children. This allows the children to hear and use vocabulary to describe and guess objects that are being talked about. This can be differentiated with using pictures.

Mcilroy, T. (2023, April 24).

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One classroom activity for fluency is to do sentence trees. These start with one word then the next line adds another word and so worth. These help the children become familiar with the word and how the words flow together to make a sentence. This activity can be differentiated by using audio.

The second activity for fluency is working on sight words with the children. Make it fun, let children trace the words in sand or shaving cream. Have children find the letters using magnet letters and squish them play dough to make the words. This activity can be differentiated with different materials based on the needs of the student.

Staake, J. (2020, July 29)

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Two Classroom Activities for Comprehension 

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Two Classroom Activities for Comprehension 

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One activity is five finger retail. This is happens after a story is read. The teacher will ask a question for each finger. The teacher asks about characters, setting, events, the end of the story, and the child's favorite character or part of the story. This activity can be differentiated by including picture cards about the story and questions, the children can write, and the children can group work.

The second activity are wordless story books. Here the children can make up their own story using the context clues on the page. The teacher can then go back use the five finger retail to guide the children in telling about their story. This activity can be differentiated by including acting out their story with materials like play dough and puppets, working in groups with older students and younger students together.

Reading Rockets | Launching Young Readers. https://www.readingrockets.org

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The ability to understand the different elements of spoken or written language. This means being able to understand the meaning of words and how the words are put together to make sentences. This is a  building block to reading comprehension.

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Reading fluency is the ability to read a text with ease. Components of fluency include accuracy, speed, expression, and comprehension. Each component is important, but the reader must use all four together to be considered a fluent reader.

College of Education - NIU - Northern Illinois University. https://www.cedu.niu.edu/literacy-clinic/resources/raising-readers/fluency.pdf

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Is the words that the child is able to use for communication. This can include oral vocabulary, that is words that we use to speak or words that are recognized in speech. It can also include words that are recognized in print.

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Phonics is the way of teaching to read. It takes the value of letters and the letter sounds, letter groups and syllables and teaches the reader to put all the elements together to pronounce words and sentences.

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Phonemic awareness is having the ability to identify and manipulate sounds in words that are spoken. The person is able to notice, think, and work with individual sounds in words that are spoken. This can include blending sounds, segmenting into sounds, deleting/playing with sounds.

Phonological and phonemic awareness: Introduction. (n.d.). Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-101-learning-modules/course-modules/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness