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A scrim is a material placed between your light source and your subject that either reduces light or diffuses (and reduces) light.S

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A reflector is a photography tool used to redirect light to a subject or scene.

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 30.15 mm field diameter.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake

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PSD (Adobe Photoshop Document) files are raster image files, which include support for image manipulation such as layers, masks, transparency, text, alpha channels, clipping path, additional color settings, and a variety of other Photoshop-specific elements.

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A Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) file is a lossy raster file format that compresses an image to make the file smaller.

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PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file.

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A RAW file is the uncompressed and unprocessed image data captured by a digital camera or scanner's sensors

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An image file format is a file format for a digital image.

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PPI (Pixels Per Inch) refers display resolution, or, how many individual pixels are displayed in one inch of a digital image. DPI (Dots Per Inch) refers to printer resolution, or, the number of dots of ink on a printed image.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera

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In digital photography, resolution is the level of detail contained in an image.

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The aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and height.

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To “crop” an image is to remove or adjust the outside edges of an image (typically a photo) to improve framing or composition, draw a viewer's eye to the subject, or change the size or aspect ratio

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A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a mask is applied.

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Transform in Photoshop is a powerful feature that allows users to modify images or objects within the program to fit their creative needs.

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Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters.

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The vertical space between lines of type is called leading.

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. It is onscreen text that seems to move with the image, almost as if it were part of the shot.

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With the Select and Mask screen open, the toolbar on the left side of the screen changes to a new set of tools

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The Sharpen tool focuses soft edges in a photo to increase clarity or focus

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The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image.

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The Burn tool darkens areas of an image.

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The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation.

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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation.

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The Smudge tool simulates a brush smearing wet paint.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection.

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The Straighten tool is designed for ease of use: You draw it across a line that's supposed to be straight, and then Photoshop will do the actual straightening for you.

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The Paint Bucket tool Mode setting allows you to create more advanced color fills for interesting effects and a higher degree of control.

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What is the Gradient tool in Photoshop? The Gradient tool allows you to create gradual changes of color and light across an image with power and precision.

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view

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The zoom tool is used for magnifying a selected part of the image.

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A brush tool is one of the basic tools found in graphic design and editing applications.

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- The rectangular marquee tool in Photoshop, of course, enables you to create selections of rectangular shapes, but there is a related tool called the elliptical marquee tool, that enables you to create selections that, of course, have elliptical or even circular shapes.

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image.

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The Polygonal Lasso tool is useful for making straight-edged selections.

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The Magic Wand tool automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select.

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The lasso is an editing tool available, with minor variations, in most digital image editing softwares and some specific strategy games. It is often accessed from the standard main menu, by clicking the icon of a dotted line shaped like a rope lasso, from which the common name arises.

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The Healing Brush and Patch tools allow you fix imperfections, like scratches, wrinkles, dust spots, etc., causing them to disappear into the surrounding image

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The Spot Healing Brush tool magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image.

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The Clone Stamp tool copies pixels from one area and applies them to another

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The Patch tool is one of the most used and most helpful tools for photo editors.

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Move Tool - The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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Contrast is the variation between light (white) and dark (black) in an image.

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Vibrance is often referred to as “smart saturation,” because it intensifies colors – but it does so more selectively. Specifically, vibrance boosts colors that are more muted. And it mostly ignores warmer colors (yellows, oranges, and reds), while prioritizing cooler colors (blues and greens).

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Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as color, but you can think of it as the basic color on the color wheel.

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Color balance changes the overall mixture of colors in an image and is used for color correction

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Saturation describes the intensity of the color.

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A full-frame camera is a camera with a full-frame sensor.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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Layer masking is a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them

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Post-processing encompasses every change you make to a video or photo after you download the RAW file to your computer.

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A thumbnail is a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera (digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state image sensor and digitally records the images from the sensor.

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A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.

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Telephoto photography is a type of photography that brings distant subjects closer with the use of long focal lengths

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prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2. 8 to f1. 2.

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A macro lens is a special type of camera lens that has the ability to work with very short focusing distances, taking sharp images of very small subjects

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he last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers.

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It is that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon.

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Triadic colors create a vibrant color palette by separating each color, regardless of the specific hues.

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Double exposure is a technique that combines two different exposures or images that are layered on top of each other

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo

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the entire range of colors that can be rendered by a digital device such as a camera LCD or a computer monitor, or the range of colors contained within a specific image.

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Each tool in the toolbar is represented by an icon, and there are many more tools available than what we see. providing quick access to certain functions.

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where you'll access different commands to use in Photoshop.

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ave a current size and position of panels as a uniquely named workspace and restore that workspace even if you move or close a panel.

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This produces a baseline from which all other colors are measured

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helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure.

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the exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal,

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when you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject.

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is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound

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the lightest elements in an image

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows,

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Any photo that uses shadows as a prominent part of the composition — to enhance the contrast of a subject or as the subject itself

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to light, or illuminate, from the rear or from the side away from the camera or the viewer

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Diffused light is a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light

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any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image

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the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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The short answer to why we use 18% Gray is simply this, if the light in an average scene being photographed is averaged out, it will produce an 18% gray tone (neutral).

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Evaluative metering is the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography and can be applied in most shooting scenarios

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Centre-weighted average metering concentrates the metering on the central part of the viewfinder but also takes the rest of the frame into consideration.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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The most precise of the metering modes, spot metering evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame. This provides a precise reading from a very small area of the scene, which means it can be a very effective choice for high-contrast situations.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object. It is a way to keep your subject in focus while blurring your background. Panning is typically done on a subject moving horizontally, such as a moving car, or a running dog.

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Light painting is the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.” A light painting photographer opens a camera's shutter and keeps it open as they draw in the air with a light source.

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Time-lapse photography is used to capture change or movement that occurs over a long period time. In order to capture how a plant grows or a glacier moves, a photographer sets up a camera in a fixed location and takes a single picture at regular time intervals.

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Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time. The resulting image captures the trail of moving objects in front of the camera, while showing still elements razor sharp.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment.

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Motion blur is the visual streaking or smearing captured on camera as a result of movement of the camera, the subject, or a combination of the two.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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In digital photography, camera technology now features modes that can help adjust those settings for you. One of those modes is aperture priority. With it, the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.