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President: Vladimir Putin Hot topic
Capital: Moscow
Area: 17.1 million km²
Population: 143.4 million (2021) World Bank
Continent: Europe, Asia

Surface | 1st place
• Total | 17 125 1912 km²
• Water (%) | 133
Borders | 22,408 km4
coastline | 37,653 km4
Highest point | Mount Elbrus
Total population | 9th place
• Estimate (2023) | 141 698 923 inhab.5​
• Census (2010) | 142 856 536 inhab.6​
• Density (est.) | 8.42 inhab./km²
GDP (PPP) | 6th place
• Total (2022) | 4 704 577 million $7​
• Per capita | 32,213 $7​ (53rd)
GDP (nominal) | 12th place
• Total (2022) | 1,703,527 million dollars7
• Per capita | $11,6657​ (65th)
HDI (2021) | 0.8228​ (52nd) – Very high
Gini coefficient | 32.0 average (2019)9​
Currency | Russian ruble (руб, ₽, RUB)
Time zone | UTC+2 to UTC+12
• In summer | no app

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The People's Republic of China is, after Russia, the second largest country in Asia, as well as the most populous in the world with 1,412 million inhabitants (2020 census), approximately one fifth of the world population.

China: Territory of 9.6 million square kilometers
Such a large country can also be so diverse, encompassing in those 9.6 million square kilometers different types of landscapes and ecosystems, from the grasslands and steppes of Mongolia and Manchuria to the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts, located in the dry north along the border with Mongolia and Russian Siberia, to the subtropical forests located in the humid south of the country, close to Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar.
China is a country that never ceases to amaze, aesthetically, culturally and for its traditions. Currently, it is also one of the main world economic powers and, for Chile, a great strategic ally with which a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was signed in 2006.

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History
It all begins with an arrival: in 1536 Pedro de Mendoza founded the city of Santa María de los Buenos Ayres, but its native population did not remain there. Buenos Aires is one of the few cities in the world that was founded twice. The second foundation was in 1580.
The current territory of Argentina was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1776 when the King of Spain, Carlos III, decided to establish the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, due to its importance as an outlet to the sea. Thus, Buenos Aires became the commercial port of the Viceroyalty, linking Potosi with Spain. England also coveted this port, so the city rejected twice the English invasions, in 1806 and 1807.

President: Alberto Fernández
Official language: Spanish. Regionally, Guaraní (co-official in Corrientes), Qom, Mocoví and Wichí are also co-official.
currency: Argentine peso
Slogan: In Union and Liberty
Capital: Buenos Aires

Argentina It is the second largest country in South America and is bordered by Chile to the west, Paraguay and Bolivia to the northwest and Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast. It is characterized for being an agro-livestock country, with a wide variety of climates, reliefs, flora and fauna in its extensive territory.

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The longest international border in the world. ...
The longest coastline in the world. ...
Cod flavored kisses. ...
The origin of the word Canada...
The national animal of Canada is the castor bean. ...
Canada owns 10% of the world's forest are

Canada is the North American country that stretches from the United States in the south to the Arctic Circle in the north.

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Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)

Total population: 25.978.935.

Form of government: constitutional monarchy federal parliamentary

King: Carlos III

Governor general: David Hurley

Anthony Albanese is the 31st Prime Minister of Australia.

Language: English

Australia is a country surrounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its main cities (Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Adelaide) are coastal. Its capital, Canberra, is located inland. The country is known for the Sydney Opera House, the Great Barrier Reef, a vast natural desert area known as the Outback and unique animal species, such as the kangaroo and the platypus.

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Loaction: Is situed in central Europe and shares borders with 9 other countries

Population: over 83 million

Language: Germany.

Capital: Berlin

Currency: Euro.

Some facts: Stands out for the production and import of beer.

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Italy, a European country with a long Mediterranean coast, had a significant impact on western culture and cuisine. Its city, Roma, is home to the Vatican and boasts historic ruins and iconic works of art. Other notable cities are Milán, the Italian fashion hub, Venecia, Florencia, which is home to the David by Miguel ngel and the Domo by Brunelleschi, and Venecia, which is known for its canals.

PRESIDENT : Sergio Mattarella

CAPITAL : Roma

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES : Italiano

POPULATION : 59.11 MILLONES (2021)

MONEY : Euro

SURFACE : 302,073 km²

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Colombia is a country in the extreme north of South America. Its landscape features tropical forests, the Andes mountains and several coffee plantations. In Bogotá, its high-altitude capital, the Zona Rosa district is famous for its restaurants and shops.

Capital: Bogotá

coin: peso colombiano

population: 51,52 millones (2021

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Mexico is a country between the United States and Central America, known for its beaches on the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico, and its diverse landscape of mountains, deserts, and jungles. Ancient ruins, such as Teotihuacán and the Mayan city of Chichén Itzá, are scattered throughout the country, as are cities from the Spanish colonial era. In the capital Mexico City, elegant shops, famous museums and gourmet restaurants are part of modern life.
President: Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador
Capital: Ciudad de mexico

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El salvador is a small nation in Central America. It is known for its pacific ocean beaches, surf breaks and mountainous scenery.

Capital: San Salvador

Current president: Nayib Bukele

Currency: American dollar.

Population: in 2023 was estimated to be 6.5 million.

In 1821, El Salvador and the other Central American provinces declared their independence from Spain. Although the next several decades were marked by frequent revolutions.

Some facts:

The most dominant religion in the country is Christianity.

Its culinary traditions are the result of a blend of indigenous and Spanish influences.

The most popular sport in El Salvador is soccer.

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What is Brazil?

The Federal Republic of Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world after Russia, China, Canada and the United States.

Geographical limits of Brazil

To the north. French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia.
To the south. Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.
To the East. Atlantic Ocean.
To West. Peru and Bolivia.

History of Brasil

Brazil was invaded by Europeans beginning in 1500 AD. C., especially by the Portuguese who established their first colony in 1530 and created sugar cane plantations along the coast. When the Portuguese discovered the large gold and diamond reserves that existed in Brazil, they accelerated their expansion into the territory and plundered the precious metals to bring them to the old continent.

In 1789 the Brazilian movement that tried to defeat the colonizers began. But it was not until 1822 that Brazil managed to become a free nation. The last king of Portuguese descent ruled until 1888, when the military managed to oust him permanently and Brazil became a federal republic.
culture of brazil

One of the main characteristics of Brazilian culture that reflects this diversity is music, such as African folklore in Portuguese, samba, and bossa nova that combines samba and jazz.

Carnival is another characteristic of the Brazilian tradition, which has gained worldwide recognition due to the impressive display of the celebration and the quality of the show of the different comparsas that parade with their colorful costumes and floats to the beat of traditional music.

Capoeira emerged as a martial art technique and, over time, became a national sport in Brazil.


Geography of Brazil

Brazil presents a varied and complex landscape, with abundant rivers, wetlands, mountains and plateaus, which offer great biodiversity. It has the largest jungle in the world, the Amazon, located in the north of the country and has an area of ​​1,500 km2. The jungle is also made up of an important river network

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Brasil: historia, economía, cultura y características

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Brasil ✓ Te explicamos todo sobre este país, su historia, su cultura y su economía. Además, su flora, fauna, geografía y más.

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Located off the northwest coast of Europe, the United Kingdom includes England,
Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
FAST FACTS

OFFICIAL NAME: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

CAPITAL: London

POPULATION: 67,879,000

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: English; both English and Scots Gaelic in Scotland; both English and Welsh in Wales

MONEY: Pound sterling

AREA: 93,630 square miles (242,500 square kilometers)

MAJOR RIVERS: Thames, Severn, Trent, Mersey

The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Northern Ireland is just 12 miles from the island of Great Britain, across the North Channel of the Irish Sea.
Many people from the United Kingdom are descendants of Celtic migrants from central Europe who arrived in the U.K. possibly as early as 1000 B.C. Other ancestors of U.K. citizens were Roman invaders, who arrived in A.D. 43, and Viking warriors, who landed in A.D. 793. (Both came from mainland Europe.)

The U.K.’s system of government has developed over many centuries. As early as the ninth century, kings and queens ruled with advice from a council of religious leaders and nobles. Today, the country is a constitutional monarchy.
-UNITED KINGDOM POUND STERLING

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The Netherlands' name reflects its low-lying topography, with more than a quarter of its total area under sea level.Now a constitutional monarchy, the country

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Here's a fun fact about Holland: using “Holland” to talk about the Netherlands is wrong. Holland comprises the Dutch provinces of North and South Holland. It used to be the economically strongest region of the country, which is why it's so known. The country's official name is the Kingdom of the Netherlands and it was established in 1815.

2. Neanderthal traces have been found near Maastricht, thought to trace back at least 250,000 years.

3. There are 20 national parks in the Netherlands, as well as hundreds of woods and lakes.

4. The Netherlands was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. It did so in 2001.

5. Did you know that the official language Dutch isn't the only national language in the Netherlands? Frisian or Fryslân, the language spoken in the province of Friesland, is too.

6. The Netherlands has a long coastline along the North Sea. Only 50% of the country has land exceeding one meter above sea level, with most of the areas below sea level being man-made

KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS: FACTS

Capital: Amsterdam, (government) The Hague

Area: 41,850 sq km

Population: 17.7 million

Languages: Dutch, also West Frisian, Papiamento, English

Life expectancy: 79 years (men) 83 years (women)

LEADERS

Head of state: King Willem-Alexander
King Willem-Alexander became the first Dutch male monarch in more than a century in April 2013 when his mother Beatrix abdicated to end a 33-year reign.

The generational change in the House of Orange-Nassau gave the Netherlands a moment of celebration and pageantry at a time of recession brought on by the European economic crisis.

The much-loved Beatrix ended her reign in a nationally televised signing ceremony as thousands of orange-clad people cheered outside. Her retirement followed in the tradition of her mother and grandmother.
Prime Minister Mark Rutte's centre-right VVD party was the biggest winner in the Mazrch 2021 elections, enabling Rutte, who has been in power since 2010, to form his fourth coalition government.

The second biggest party is the centre-left D66 with 24 seats. Geert Wilders' far-right party loses its support.

MEDIA

The Dutch approach to public broadcasting is unique. Programmes are made by groups which reflect political or religious currents, or other interests. These organisations are allocated airtime on TV and radio, in line with the number of members they have.

Public radio and TV face stiff competition from commercial stations. Viewers have access to a wide range of domestic and foreign channels, thanks mainly to one of the highest cable take-up rates in Europe. Every province has at least one local public TV channel. The three national public TV stations enjoy high audience shares.

Read full media profile

TIMELINE

Some key dates in the history of the Netherlands:

1914-1918 - The Netherlands maintains its neutrality during World War One.

1940 - Nazi Germany invades. The Dutch Royal Family flees to England, accompanied by the Dutch cabinet. The Dutch army is overwhelmed and the Netherlands surrenders.

1944 - As Allied forces advance towards Germany, the Netherlands becomes the site of bitter fighting.

1945 - The occupation ends with the surrender of German forces in the Netherlands. The Netherlands goes on to become a charter member of the United Nations.

1948 - Benelux customs union between Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands comes into effect.

1949 - The Dutch East Indies, which had been occupied by Japan during World War One, becomes independent as Indonesia after a four-year independence struggle against Dutch colonial authorities.

1949 - The Netherlands abandons its policy of neutrality and joins Nato.

1952 - The Netherlands is a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community, which becomes the European Economic Community five years later in 1957 with the Treaty of Rome.

1975 - Dutch colony of Surinam achieves independence. Hundreds of thousands of Surinamese emigrate to the Netherlands.

1980 - Queen Juliana abdicates; Beatrix becomes queen.

2002 - The Netherlands adopts the euro.

2013 - Queen Beatrix abdicates; her son Willem-Alexander becomes king.

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Japan's Customs and Traditions

Taking off shoes when entering someone's house.

Wearing a mask when sick.

Not shaking hands and not hugging when meeting with loved ones.

Bowing 45 degrees to show respect.

Making the slurping sound when eating noodles.

Symbolically washing hands when entering a shrine.

The emperor of Japan is called Naruhito, he is 63 years old and has ruled since 2019.
The currency used in Japan is called the yen and Japan has approximately 125.7 million inhabitants.

-facts about japon-
Japan is Extremely Clean
Tokyo is the World’s Most Populated City
Japan’s population is 98.5 percent Japanese
Japan Has Canned Foods Restaurants
Japan Has a High Life Expectancy
Japan Has Many Active Volcanoes
Each Year There Are Over 1,500 Earthquakes
Forests Cover 67 % of Japan
The Japanese are Extremely Attached to Nature
Japan Is Home to the Deepest Underwater Postbox.

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Portugal is a country located in southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, bordering Spain.

OFFICIAL NAME:Portuguese republic

Area: 92,161 km².

Currency Type: Euro

Population: 10.33 million

Form of Government of Portugal: Republic, Constitutional Republic, Representative Democracy

Capital District: Lisbon

Typical Food: Fried Fillet, Cod, Cooked or Roasted Octopus and Fried or Stewed Squid

Current President: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa

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