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>Ocean acidification effects the entire ocean, this is a global issue. BILLIONS of people worldwide rely on marine food as their main source of protein. Various jobs from the U.S. for instance, depend on fishes that live in the ocean.

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>Recently the US have been developing new ways to indicate ocean acidification levels. Climatologists have been using a grid of 500 meters of water depth to measure the: aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, carbonate ion content, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, pH total scale, and total alkalinity.(Visualizing Coastal OceanAcidification”) To determine pH levels in the 7 seas.

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>The pH scale is a scale that ranges from 0-14. 7 indicates neutrality, below 7 indicates acidity and, above 7 indicates alkalinity.

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>Taking into consideration that less than 10% of the waters on earth have been explored, over 1 million species of animals and plants in the oceans have been discovered. Scientists site that there are at least 9 million more yet to be discovered.

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>A very important plant is algae; through the process of photosynthesis many marine plants absorb carbon dioxide and provide oxygen.

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>Marine species can easily be impacted by any changes and differences in the climatic conditions. As the oceans are very often disturbed by waves and frequencies marine species may not be affected by such.

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>Many marine animals have made adaptations over the past to have a more suitable lifestyle in their habitat. As mentioned before the range of temperature is quite intense so they must be suited for their environment in order to not die.

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>Marine biomes are the aquatic biomes of the ocean and seas.

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>They cover about ¾th of the earth’s surface being the largest biome and, supply 90% of the world’s water supply.

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>However, finding a way to indicate pH levels of oceans is only the start of the repairing process. And for now the best option we have to reduce acidity in waters is to actually act on climate change. Very importantly, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by decreasing our use of fossil fuels significantly. Not only must we reduce CO2 emissions we must also make sure we can maintain the rate. Worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from burning fossil fuels total about 34 billion tonnes (Gt) per year.(“Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity - World Nuclear Association”) With this rate it won’t be long until the seawaters acidity does straight down.

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>As Algae and other marine plants absorb carbon dioxide into the ocean, this causes a problematic process to occur…

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>Marine biomes often have a high temperature, which has contributed to many cases of loss in marine life as high temperatures cause coral bleaching which has resulted in 70% of marine lives deaths globally.

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>They have a strong influence on the terrestrial climate, through evaporation of the water in the ocean rain is produced which affects crops growth, to circulate air with wind, and affects coastal temperatures.

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>Because the Ocean has constant motion its temperature is not set, it very much depends and varies on the located area. There is however quite a range of temperatures.

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>When massive amounts of CO2 is absorbed into seawater it turns into carbonic acid which makes the water more acidic. The current pH level of seawater is around 8.1 which is still alkaline however with the rising level of CO2 emissions in the air ever since the industrial revolution the pH level of seawater will continue in decrease.

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>One solution that we could possibly carry out is ocean alkalinity enhancement technologies. Being finding a way to speed up the natural process that marine plants go through to distrain CO2. The concept would be to either, add calcium carbonate in the ocean or use electrochemistry which basically removes extra carbon from the ocean.

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Well, a change in pH level of the largest biome in the world will impact an unmeasurable number of species. Oysters and Corals create shells and skeletons by combining calcium and carbonate from the water, once the pH level of seawaters decreases, available carbon ions will bond with the excess hydrogen therefor resulting in a huge decrease in carbonate ions that would before be available for calcifying species to maintain their cells and skeletons. With an even worst decrease could result in the shells and bones dissolving completely.

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>Research have shown that ocean acidification not only effects calcifying species, it also effects fishes as many of them don’t perform as well in acidic waters.