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converted to alcohol using water or hydroxide. (NaOH or KOH)

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when reacted with NaCN:

1-bromopropane + sodium cyanide --> butanenitrile + sodium bromide

(CH₃CH₂CH₂Na + KCN --> CH₃CH₂CH₂CN + NaBr

when reacted with KCN:

1-bromopropane +potassium cyanide --> butanenitrile + potassium bromide

(CH₃CH₂CH₂Br + KCN --> CH₃CH₂CH₂CN + KBr)

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halogenoalkane --> nitrile

halogen is replaced by -CN group while nitrile is produced

since nitrile will add carbon to the carbon chain --> helpful increasing the length of a carbon chain