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UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BULLYING AND CYBERBULLYING

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Cyber-bullying Facts – Top 10 Forms of Cyber Bullying

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A RECENT ARTICLE ABOUT THE SITUATION IN THE UK

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A RECENT ARTICLE ABOUT THE SITUATION IN THE UK

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Over recent years, England has faced a concerning rise in cyberbullying compared to other countries. This issue has been compounded by an increase in digital activity among teenagers during COVID-19 lockdowns.

Cyberbullying, sometimes called online harassment or abuse, refers to behaviours where a person repeatedly causes harm to others using electronic devices and technologies. The modern abundance of devices with internet access makes it easier for cyberbullies to remain anonymous and create multiple accounts with different identities, giving them the freedom to attack multiple social media users simultaneously, often without obstruction.

There are numerous means of victimisation. These include making posts on social media intended to threaten or humiliate someone, publishing videos or photos that embarrass or intimidate, and "doxxing" - posting someone's personal or private information, such as where they live, online.

All this harassment leaves victims feeling isolated, scared and depressed. We know that tragically, many victims contemplate suicide.

We have investigated school bullying and cyberbullying among young people in the UK, and have recently published our findings. Some 408 people aged 16-30 took part in this research project, which involved completing a survey online. The majority (351, or almost 90%) were still at school at the time they took part.

Some 37% of participants reported they had experienced cyberbullying. The victims primarily classified the perpetrators as their classmates, followed by students the victims perceived as "popular" in school, older boys or girls, and people unknown to them.

Victimisation took place on various platforms, with Facebook the most commonly reported (74%), followed by Twitter (17%), Snapchat (9%) and Instagram (9%). Common forms of victimisation included the spreading of malicious rumours (49% of participants who experienced cyberbullying said they were subject to rumours), threats (44%), and exclusion from a group, such as chat rooms or online games (29%).

Although our sample size was relatively small, and the majority of respondents were female, these findings are concerning, suggesting schoolmates cyberbully each other at a large scale. Importantly, victims reported that the online incidents they were subjected to occurred most commonly because of arguments in real-life settings. So it's clear cyberbullying and bullying at school are often interconnected.

Read more: Anonymous apps risk fuelling cyberbullying but they also fill a vital role

When school bullying and cyberbullying collide

Nowadays, more and more schools and teachers tolerate students using mobile phones at school. And although social media and access to the internet can be a useful educational tool, there are students who use technology to victimise their classmates or others.

Other researchers have shown that cyberbullying can occur alongside verbal aggression and violent behaviour, and vice versa. An escalation of bullying in the schoolyard to bullying online, or vice versa, could be at the hands of the perpetrator, or of the victim seeking revenge. As one of our participants said:

He bullied me at school, shoved my things around for no reason and laughed at me with his friends, made fun of my clothes and the way I speak. I could not take it anymore, so one day I created a fake Facebook account and badgered him with texts and posts. I am not sorry, he deserved it for what he was doing to me at school.

Another participant told us:

She [a girl at the participant's school] kept telling people to ignore me and not like my posts. She would embarrass me whenever I would upload a photo and she would share my photos with others just for a laugh [...] So one day I just went up to her and told her to leave me alone but she laughed and that made me so angry so I pushed her down. Now she does it even more and her friends joined in as well. I don't know how to stop this.

What should we do?

In today's digital age, bullying among children and young people no longer stops when the school bell rings. But it appears that protective policies have progressed at a much slower pace than the means of cyberbullying have advanced.

It's clear from our study, and other research in this area, that Facebook is a particularly risky platform for cyberbullying. With Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg having firmly denied criticism the company prioritises profit over users' safety, it would be timely to see further protections put in place for users.

For example, Facebook should work to shorten the response time when online harassment is reported. Although we understand reports are usually reviewed within 48 hours, this can still allow ample time for further dissemination of abusive material.

Read more: How cyberbullies overtly and covertly target their victims

Separately, it's crucial that schools and policymakers pay equal attention to cyberbullying as they do to traditional bullying, as well as the way the two interact. While there are multiple campaigns seeking to raise awareness about cyberbullying, it's possible that teenagers in the UK would benefit from a more intense and sustained campaign to inform parents on how to protect their children.

Such a campaign could include expert advice for parents on how to monitor their child's online behaviour in a constructive way, how to support their child in the event they do fall victim to cyberbullying, and how to manage the situation if their child is perpetrating cyberbullying. Regularly educating children at school about the consequences of school bullying and cyberbullying is also important.

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Cyberbullying among teens: our research shows online abuse and school bullying are often linked

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We explored experiences of cyberbullying among young people in the UK. This is what we found.

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TESTIMONIES OF CHILDREN WORKING IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

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TESTIMONIES OF CHILDREN WORKING IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

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Special report : Inside the Congo cobalt mines that exploit children

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We brought together UNICEF specialists, international cyberbullying and child protection experts, and teamed up with Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok and Twitter to answer some of the most common questions about online bullying and give advice on ways to deal with it.

What is cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is bullying with the use of digital technologies. It can take place on social media, messaging platforms, gaming platforms and mobile phones. It is repeated behaviour, aimed at scaring, angering or shaming those who are targeted. Examples include:

spreading lies about or posting embarrassing photos or videos of someone on social media

sending hurtful, abusive or threatening messages, images or videos via messaging platforms

impersonating someone and sending mean messages to others on their behalf or through fake accounts.

Face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying can often happen alongside each other. But cyberbullying leaves a digital footprint - a record that can prove useful and provide evidence to help stop the abuse.
If you are worried about your safety or something that has happened to you online, you can seek help by calling your national helpline. If your country does not have a helpline, please urgently speak to an adult you trust or seek professional support from trained and experienced carers.

1. Am I being bullied online? How do you tell the difference between a joke and bullying?

All friends joke around with each other, but sometimes it's hard to tell if someone is just having fun or trying to hurt you, especially online. Sometimes they'll laugh it off with a "just kidding," or "don't take it so seriously."

But if you feel hurt or think others are laughing at you instead of with you, then the joke has gone too far. If it continues even after you've asked the person to stop and you are still feeling upset about it, then this could be bullying.

And when the bullying takes place online, it can result in unwanted attention from a wide range of people including strangers. Wherever it may happen, if you are not happy about it, you should not have to stand for it.

Call it what you will - if you feel bad and it doesn't stop, then it's worth getting help. Stopping cyberbullying is not just about calling out bullies, it's also about recognizing that everyone deserves respect - online and in real life.

2. What are the effects of cyberbullying?

When bullying happens online it can feel as if you're being attacked everywhere, even inside your own home. It can seem like there's no escape. The effects can last a long time and affect a person in many ways:

Mentally - feeling upset, embarrassed, stupid, even afraid or angry

Emotionally - feeling ashamed or losing interest in the things you love

Physically - tired (loss of sleep), or experiencing symptoms like stomach aches and headaches

The feeling of being laughed at or harassed by others, can prevent people from speaking up or trying to deal with the problem. In extreme cases, cyberbullying can even lead to people taking their own lives.

Cyberbullying can affect us in many ways. But these can be overcome and people can regain their confidence and health.

3. How can cyberbullying affect my mental health?

When you experience cyberbullying you might start to feel ashamed, nervous, anxious and insecure about what people say or think about you. This can lead to withdrawing from friends and family, negative thoughts and self-talk, feeling guilty about things you did or did not do, or feeling that you are being judged negatively. Feeling lonely, overwhelmed, frequent headaches, nausea or stomachaches are also common.

You can lose your motivation to do the things that you usually enjoy doing and feel isolated from the people you love and trust. This can perpetuate negative feelings and thoughts which can adversely affect your mental health and well-being.

Skipping school is another common effect of cyberbullying and can affect the mental health of young people who turn to substances like alcohol and drugs or violent behaviour to deal with their psychological and physical pain. Talking to a friend, family member or school counsellor you trust can be a first step to getting help.

The effects of cyberbullying on mental health can vary depending on the medium through which it happens. For example, bullying via text messaging or through pictures or videos on social media platforms has proven to be very harmful for adolescents.

4. Who should I talk to if someone is bullying me online? Why is reporting important?

If you think you're being bullied, the first step is to seek help from someone you trust such as your parents, a close family member or another trusted adult.

In your school you can reach out to a counsellor, the sports coach or your favourite teacher - either online or in person.

And if you are not comfortable talking to someone you know, search for a helpline in your country to talk to a professional counsellor.

If the bullying is happening on a social platform, consider blocking the bully and formally reporting their behaviour on the platform itself. Social media companies are obligated to keep their users safe.

For bullying to stop, it needs to be identified and reporting it is key.

It can be helpful to collect evidence - text messages and screen shots of social media posts - to show what's been going on.

For bullying to stop, it needs to be identified and reporting it is key. It can also help to show the bully that their behaviour is unacceptable.

If you are in immediate danger, then you should contact the police or emergency services in your country.

5. I'm experiencing cyberbullying, but I'm afraid to talk to my parents about it. How can I approach them?

If you are experiencing cyberbullying, speaking to a trusted adult - someone you feel safe talking to - is one of the most important first steps you can take.

Talking to parents isn't easy for everyone. But there are things you can do to help the conversation. Choose a time to talk when you know you have their full attention. Explain how serious the problem is for you. Remember, they might not be as familiar with technology as you are, so you might need to help them to understand what's happening.

They might not have instant answers for you, but they are likely to want to help and together you can find a solution. Two heads are always better than one! If you are still unsure about what to do, consider reaching out to other trusted people. There are often more people who care about you and are willing to help than you might think!

6. How can I help my friends report a case of cyberbullying especially if they don't want to do it?

Anyone can become a victim of cyberbullying. If you see this happening to someone you know, try to offer support.

It is important to listen to your friend. Why don't they want to report being cyberbullied? How are they feeling? Let them know that they don't have to formally report anything, but it's crucial to talk to someone who might be able to help.

Anyone can become a victim of cyberbullying.

Remember, your friend may be feeling fragile. Be kind to them. Help them think through what they might say and to whom. Offer to go with them if they decide to report. Most importantly, remind them that you're there for them and you want to help.

If your friend still does not want to report the incident, then support them in finding a trusted adult who can help them deal with the situation. Remember that in certain situations the consequences of cyberbullying can be life threatening.

Doing nothing can leave the person feeling that everyone is against them or that nobody cares. Your words can make a difference.

7. How do we stop cyberbullying without giving up access to the Internet?

Being online has so many benefits. However, like many things in life, it comes with risks that you need to protect against.

If you experience cyberbullying, you may want to delete certain apps or stay offline for a while to give yourself time to recover. But getting off the Internet is not a long-term solution. You did nothing wrong, so why should you be disadvantaged? It may even send the bullies the wrong signal - encouraging their unacceptable behaviour.

We need to be thoughtful about what we share or say that may hurt others.

We all want cyberbullying to stop, which is one of the reasons reporting cyberbullying is so important. But creating the Internet we want goes beyond calling out bullying. We need to be thoughtful about what we share or say that may hurt others. We need to be kind to one another online and in real life. It's up to all of us!

8. How do I prevent my personal information from being used to manipulate or humiliate me on social media?

Think twice before posting or sharing anything on digital platforms - it may be online forever and could be used to harm you later. Don't give out personal details such as your address, telephone number or the name of your school.

Learn about the privacy settings of your favourite social media apps. Here are some actions you can take on many of them:

You can decide who can see your profile, send you direct messages or comment on your posts by adjusting your account privacy settings.

You can report hurtful comments, messages, photos and videos and request they be removed.

Besides 'unfriending', you can completely block people to stop them from seeing your profile or contacting you.

You can also choose to have comments by certain people to appear only to them without completely blocking them.

You can delete posts on your profile or hide them from specific people.

On most of your favourite social media, people aren't notified when you block, restrict or report them.

9. Is there a punishment for cyberbullying?

Most schools take bullying seriously and will take action against it. If you are being cyberbullied by other students, report it to your school.

People who are victims of any form of violence, including bullying and cyberbullying, have a right to justice and to have the offender held accountable.

Laws against bullying, particularly on cyberbullying, are relatively new and still do not exist everywhere. This is why many countries rely on other relevant laws, such as ones against harassment, to punish cyberbullies.

In countries that have specific laws on cyberbullying, online behaviour that deliberately causes serious emotional distress is seen as criminal activity. In some of these countries, victims of cyberbullying can seek protection, prohibit communication from a specified person and restrict the use of electronic devices used by that person for cyberbullying, temporarily or permanently.

However, it is important to remember that punishment is not always the most effective way to change the behaviour of bullies. Sometimes, focusing on repairing the harm and mending the relationship can be better.

10. Technology companies don't seem to care about online bullying and harassment. Are they being held responsible?

Technology companies are increasingly paying attention to the issue of online bullying.

Many of them are introducing ways to address it and better protect their users with new tools, guidance and ways to report online abuse.

But it is true that more is needed. Many young people experience cyberbullying every day. Some face extreme forms of online abuse. Some have taken their own lives as a result.

Technology companies have a responsibility to protect their users especially children and young people.

It is up to all of us to hold them accountable when they're not living up to these responsibilities.

11. Are there any online anti-bullying tools for children or young people?

Each social platform offers different tools (see available ones below) that allow you to restrict who can comment on or view your posts or who can connect automatically as a friend, and to report cases of bullying. Many of them involve simple steps to block, mute or report cyberbullying. We encourage you to explore them.

Social media companies also provide educational tools and guidance for children, parents and teachers to learn about risks and ways to stay safe online.

Also, the first line of defense against cyberbullying could be you. Think about where cyberbullying happens in your community and ways you can help - by raising your voice, calling out bullies, reaching out to trusted adults or by creating awareness of the issue. Even a simple act of kindness can go a long way.

The first line of defense against cyberbullying could be you.

If you are worried about your safety or something that has happened to you online, urgently speak to an adult you trust. Many countries have a special helpline you can call for free and talk to someone anonymously. Visit United for Global Mental Health to find help in your country.

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Cyberbullying: What is it and how to stop it

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What teens want to know about cyberbullying

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The Challenge of Child Labour and Chocolate

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Child labour in Uganda: The hidden costs of Covid - BBC News

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Rome - Ending the scourge of child labour by 2025 will require effective action and strong leadership, the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), QU Dongyu, said today at the launch of a two-day virtual forum.

A total of 160 million children worldwide - almost 1 in 10 - are engaged in child labour. About 70 percent of these children (112 million) work in crop production, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, according to the latest data available.

Child labour is generally defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. It is a serious violation of human rights, yet many vulnerable families have no choice. Though not all work carried out by children is considered child labour, much of it is not age-appropriate and is likely to be dangerous or interfere with children's education. A child working in fields where pesticides have been applied, staying up all night on a fishing boat, or carrying loads so heavy that they harm the development of the child's body - are common examples of hazardous work.

Some of the key factors that contribute to child labour in rural areas are low family incomes, few livelihood alternatives, limited access to education, inadequate labour-saving technologies, traditional attitudes towards children's participation in agriculture and limited labour law enforcement. The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers, especially in rural areas, increasing the risk of many children falling into child labour.

Eliminating child labour by 2025 is the declared aim of Target 8.7 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

But with only four agricultural seasons left to reach the target, effective action and "strong and coherent leadership from agri-food stakeholders across the globe is critical to achieve SDG target 8.7," QU said in his opening address to the Global Solutions Forum: Acting Together to End Child Labour in Agriculture.
The Forum
The Global Solutions Forum, which runs until Nov. 3, is organized by FAO in close collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO), together with the International Partnership for Cooperation on Child Labour in Agriculture (IPCCLA) and Alliance 8.7.

Its aim is to mobilize global action and identify and expand concrete solutions to eradicate child labour in agriculture.

Participants heard from Pope Francis, who in a message delivered on his behalf by Monsignor Fernando Chica Arellano, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of the Holy See, said "protecting children means decisive measures to support smallholder farmers, so that they are not obliged to send their children into the fields in order to increase their incomes, which, being so low, do not allow vulnerable farming families to maintain their households with dignity."

Guy Ryder, Director General of the International Labour Organization, said in his opening remarks that child labour was not inevitable.

"Child labour is not an escape road from poverty, it actually prolongs poverty; it makes poverty intergenerational. We have to help people out of this vicious circle of poverty and that's not an easy task," Ryder said.

Henrietta Fore, Executive Director of UNICEF, said some of the solutions involve providing income support for vulnerable incomes, better health care and education, expanding birth registration, and social and child protection.

"If we want to make a difference in ending child labour, this is where we need to focus significant efforts: in rural areas, with families, where agriculture is an important source of livelihoods," Fore said.

Also delivering opening remarks was Kailash Satyarthi, an Indian social reformer whose campaign against child labour made him the co-recipient in 2014 of the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Malala Yousafzai.

"Nothing is as brutal as the death of a child's dream," Satyarthi said of the impact of child labour. "We should feel the moral responsibility that we have to fulfil the dreams of these children."

The online event is organized in the context of the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour and brings together representatives of ministries of agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry, producers and farmers' organizations, workers' organizations, development banks, businesses, civil society and academia, children, youth advocates, and former child labourers, among others.

FAO is already promoting efforts to boost the incomes of rural families so that they have the means to send their children to school rather than work. Examples of FAO's contributions include:

Supporting the governments of Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Lebanon, Mali, Niger, Malawi, Pakistan, Uganda and Tanzania in addressing child labour as an integral part of national agricultural policies.

In Niger and in Uganda, the Ministries of Agriculture are part of or have applied to become a member of the National Steering Committee on Child Labour. Both Ministries of Agriculture have a work plan on child labour elimination.

Training of thousands of farmers on why children are more at risk than adults and on safety measures for smallholder farmers and their children.

Materials that offer practical guidance, such as the Handbook for monitoring and evaluating child labour in agricultural programmes and 10 FAO-ILO certified e-learning courses.

"It is critical that we support our young people, especially the rural youth, to prepare for their future through relevant education and skills development, and to provide them with decent youth employment opportunities," Qu said.
Contact
Nicholas Rigillo
FAO News and Media (Rome)
Nicholas.Rigillo@fao.org

FAO News and Media
(+39) 06 570 53625
FAO-Newsroom@fao.org

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Ending child labour by 2025 requires effective action and strong leadership [EN/AR/RU/ZH] - World

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Rome - Ending the scourge of child labour by 2025 will require effective action and strong leadership, the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), QU Dongyu, said today at the launch of a two-day virtual forum. A total of 160 million children worldwide - almost 1 in 10 - are engaged in child labour.

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THE DANGERS OF MEETING PEOPLE ON SOCIAL MEDIA

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THE DANGERS OF MEETING PEOPLE ON SOCIAL MEDIA

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The Dangers Of Social Media (Child Predator Experiment)

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The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News

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Bullying involves the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate, which is usually done over a period of time. Bullying occurs in our schools and amongst our teens, says educator and director at Le Poshe School, Ikoyi, Ronke Posh Adeniyi.

Teens are not the only ones who experience bullying, adults do too; so, it is imperative that adults are cognizant about how to manage bullies, protect children and support those who have been bullied.

"Bullying comes in different forms and occur at varying degrees; it has had detrimental effects on the lives and families of many of the victims. Bullying can occur at home and in schools; it can be verbal, emotional, physical, cyber, social, prejudicial, or even sexual.

"Parents and educators do not need to wait till the issue is out of control before addressing it as it may be too late. Bullying should be stamped out as soon as it is identified. Many children are bullied at home, or they lack the type of love and attention they desire as a result they go to school and manifest these negative behaviours such as shunning others and getting others to isolate friends from social circles, they insult peers, tease, or judge the opinion of others. They want others to feel the pain or emptiness they feel so they like to bring others down."

The parenting enthusiast noted that protecting children from bullies must start with educating them about what it entails, they need to know how to identify the signs and the bully so it can be reported and addressed.

"Children need to be taught how to protect themselves online and from predators. They must be empowered to report cases of bullying and where necessary, it should be addressed in confidence to protect the victims of bullying. A number of children have failed to report cases of bullying because of the backlash they will get from home or from those in authority."

Mrs. Adeniyi said that we must teach children to recognise the warning signs of bullies such as name-calling and teasing; some have been known to take gifts to school for the bullies. Schools should have ongoing conversations with the students in their care and explain the consequences. There should be no tolerance for bullying and appropriate communication channels should always be available.

We must do our best to raise confident kids at home because it is found that many bullies have issues with their self-esteem; it is often a childhood and parenting issue.

"Cyberbullying is on the rise so parents must ensure that their children are of the right physical, mental, and emotional age before allowing them online. They need to be educated about the consequences of their actions online and how to be safe online. They also need to let children know that cyberbullying is not to be tolerated or hidden. Ignorance is no longer an excuse, so parents and schools need to be informed and make sure that they use the tools available to protect the children in their care.

"Prevention they say is better than cure so we must all do what we can to stamp out bullying from our circles of influence," she added.

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Bullying involves the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate, which is usually done over a period of time. Bullying occurs in our schools and amongst our teens, says educator and director at Le Poshe School, Ikoyi, Ronke Posh Adeniyi.

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Victim who contemplated suicide raising awareness of cyber-bullying

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CHECKING your phone and finding a barrage of abuse on social media is not the way to live.

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YOUNG GIRLS ARRESTED IN CYBERBULLYING DEATH CASE

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YOUNG GIRLS ARRESTED IN CYBERBULLYING DEATH CASE

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Middle schoolers arrested in cyber bullying suicide of classmate

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NEW YORK/GENEVA, 10 June 2021 - The number of children in child labour has risen to 160 million worldwide - an increase of 8.4 million children in the last four years - with millions more at risk due to the impacts of COVID-19, according to a new report by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF.

Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward- released ahead of World Day Against Child Labour on 12 th June - warns that progress to end child labour has stalled for the first time in 20 years, reversing the previous downward trend that saw child labour fall by 94 million between 2000 and 2016.

The report points to a significant rise in the number of children aged 5 to 11 years in child labour, who now account for just over half of the total global figure. The number of children aged 5 to 17 years in hazardous work - defined as work that is likely to harm their health, safety or morals - has risen by 6.5 million to 79 million since 2016.

"The new estimates are a wake-up call. We cannot stand by while a new generation of children is put at risk," said ILO Director-General Guy Ryder. "Inclusive social protection allows families to keep their children in school even in the face of economic hardship. Increased investment in rural development and decent work in agriculture is essential. We are at a pivotal moment and much depends on how we respond. This is a time for renewed commitment and energy, to turn the corner and break the cycle of poverty and child labour."

In sub-Saharan Africa, population growth, recurrent crises, extreme poverty, and inadequate social protection measures have led to an additional 16.6 million children in child labour over the past four years.

Even in regions where there has been some headway since 2016, such as Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean, COVID-19 is endangering that progress.

The report warns that globally, 9 million additional children are at risk of being pushed into child labour by the end of 2022 as a result of the pandemic. A simulation model shows this number could rise to 46 million if they don't have access to critical social protection coverage.

Additional economic shocks and school closures caused by COVID-19 mean that children already in child labour may be working longer hours or under worsening conditions, while many more may be forced into the worst forms of child labour due to job and income losses among vulnerable families.

"We are losing ground in the fight against child labour, and the last year has not made that fight any easier," said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. "Now, well into a second year of global lockdowns, school closures, economic disruptions, and shrinking national budgets, families are forced to make heart-breaking choices. We urge governments and international development banks to prioritize investments in programmes that can get children out of the workforce and back into school, and in social protection programmes that can help families avoid making this choice in the first place."

Other key findings in the report include:

The agriculture sector accounts for 70 per cent of children in child labour (112 million) followed by 20 per cent in services (31.4 million) and 10 per cent in industry (16.5 million).

Nearly 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 11 years and 35 per cent of children aged 12 to 14 years in child labour are out of school.

Child labour is more prevalent among boys than girls at every age. When household chores performed for at least 21 hours per week are taken into account, the gender gap in child labour narrows.

The prevalence of child labour in rural areas (14 per cent) is close to three times higher than in urban areas (5 per cent).

Children in child labour are at risk of physical and mental harm. Child labour compromises children's education, restricting their rights and limiting their future opportunities, and leads to vicious inter-generational cycles of poverty and child labour.

To reverse the upward trend in child labour, the ILO and UNICEF are calling for:

Adequate social protection for all, including universal child benefits.

Increased spending on quality education and getting all children back into school - including children who were out of school before COVID-19.

Promotion of decent work for adults, so families don't have to resort to children helping to generate family income.

An end to harmful gender norms and discrimination that influence child labour.

Investment in child protection systems, agricultural development, rural public services, infrastructure and livelihoods.

As part of the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour, the global partnership Alliance 8.7, of which UNICEF and ILO are partners, is encouraging member States, business, trade unions, civil society, and regional and international organizations to redouble their efforts in the global fight against child labour by making concrete action pledges.

During a week of action from 10 - 17 June, ILO Director-General Guy Ryder and UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore will join other high-level speakers and youth advocates at a high-level event during the International Labour Conference to discuss the release of the new global estimates and the roadmap ahead.

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Notes to Editors
Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward is the first-ever joint ILO-UNICEF report on child labour estimates and forms part of a broader inter-agency effort to measure and monitor progress towards target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Estimates are based on the extrapolation of data from 106 surveys covering more than 70 per cent of the world population of children aged 5 to 17 years old.

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Child labour rises to 160 million - first increase in two decades

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The International Labour Organization and UNICEF warn 9 million additional children at risk as a result of COVID-19 pandemic

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Learn new and useful vocabulary with quizlet.

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Quizlet is a lightning fast way to learn vocabulary.

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GET INVOLVED

Is your organization actively committed to achieving Target 8.7? Then we want you on board. Partnership is open to countries, international and regional organizations, workers' organizations, employer and business membership organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions and other relevant stakeholders and networks.

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Is your organization actively committed to achieving Target 8.7? Then we want you on board. Partnership is open to countries, international and regional organizations, workers' organizations, employer and business membership organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions and other relevant stakeholders and networks.

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India's shameful child labour mining for beauty industry sparkle

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LINK TO FRANGLISH.FR (TO PRACTICE LISTENING COMPREHENSION)

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LINK TO FRANGLISH.FR (TO PRACTICE LISTENING COMPREHENSION)

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Vous allez écouter 3 fois un enregistrement de 1 min30 dont le titre vous est communiqué au début de l'épreuve avant la première l'écoute. Chaque écoute sera séparée d'une pause de 1 minute pour la prise de notes. Vous aurez finalement 10 minutes pour rendre compte par écrit en français de ce que vous avez compris.

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NOTION 1 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 1 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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child labour listening comprehension - anwsers

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NOTION 2 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 2 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 2 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 2 - READING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 2 - READING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 3 - READIND COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 3 - READIND COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 3 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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NOTION 3 - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - ANSWERS

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How playing sports benefits your body ... and your brain - Leah Lagos and Jaspal Ricky Singh

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LEARNING VOCABULARY IN A DIFFERENT WAY TO TALK ABOUT SPORT

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LEARNING VOCABULARY IN A DIFFERENT WAY TO TALK ABOUT SPORT

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http://www.engvid.com/ Do you like sports? Do you know the difference between playing "Call of Duty" and training in sports? With just a little study and practice you'll be able to play with the pros...or at least talk about it. http://www.engvid.com/sports-vocabulary/