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Theme: Create mass support
The first world war was a conflict between European powers, however they used their overseas power and colonies as well. War broke out in 1914, which Britain then needed support from its colonies, which included India. India sent many troops as well as resources to this event. Some nationalists thought that the war created a window of opportunity for India to push for a greater independence, while other Indians thought they should support Britain. The more that war continued, dissatisfaction grew as well. This was all due to heavy taxation and increased efforts to recruit troops. This war also created a large conflict and question with the Muslim loyalty in India, as the world’s leading Islamic power had an alliance with Germany. This war showed how much Britain relied on India for their support through troops as well as resources. The Indian troops returning from the war would pass their experience about what they witnessed, how even the ‘poorer class’ of people in France and Britain compared to India. India would then hope that they could become a part of a greater representation in the government. This event was one of the most important events as it set the relationship between Britain and India, giving a bit of an ‘eye-opener’ for India, which also soon had an effect to make the Non cooperation movement and protests against being used for war by Britain. It also showed how India attempted to become a single nation and become an independent nation. This also highlighted how much the British relied on India.

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Theme: Create Mass Support
Mahatma Gandhi recognised and spoke out on the British government’s evil ways of controlling India through committing multiple violent acts towards individuals who had no defense for themselves. He wanted to put an end to this while staying true to his belief of non violence and satyagraha (soul-force) which led to him creating the non-cooperation campaign in 1920. This involved acts such as boycotting British schools and colleges, refusing to pay taxes, working for the British or buying products made by the British. This campaign was later called off after it sparked violence and resulted in people getting hurt. Gandhi was even sentenced to 6 years in jail but was released after 22 months.

The non-cooperation movement was one of Gandhi's first campaigns that helped bring Indians together to protest against British rule. It helped create a united front to fight against the oppressive British control through small but symbolic actions that help send out a message. This boosted nationalism in India as these protests gave indian’s some sense of power and also brought up a lot of anger and passion towards over-ruling britain’s evil ways therefore motivating people towards more nationalist movements and acts.

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Theme: Create mass support
In World War 1, India’s key industries which consisted of cotton, iron and steel started to have a large increase in demand due to the war. Agriculture remained the dominant income for the economy during the war. The production of food could not keep up with the increasing problems and population. India was greatly affected by the Depression which followed the Wall street Crash (1929). Markets from overseas declined India’s exports, which decreased the value of their crops. This forced Indian peasants to borrow food to survive, however when the debt became too much to repay, they were thrown off the land which caused masses of unemployment. Due to this, millions of the peasants migrated to other cities in search of work, which increased more rates of unemployment in rural areas, but more in urban areas. The impact of this depression was one of the causes of the civil unrest in the 1930’s, as unsatisfied people joined the nationalist movement. This increased the demand for products made in India, especially agriculture. Due to the fact that they were helping the British as one of their colonies in the war, they didn’t have enough food for their own people while all of it went to the war resources, which caused them to go into the wall street crash.

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After Gandhi was released from prison and started working along with the national congress, he started a nonviolent campaign of civil disobedience. Along with thousands of his followers, Gandhi went on a 400km march to the coast known as the salt march as he picked up salt from the seashore. This was a form of rebelling against the deeply resented british law that implemented tax on salt. Originally the British did not see this action as an act with great meaning but its apparent and powerful symbolism gained major popularity and publicity that created mass support and an effective protest which resulted in Gandhi and 100,000 other Indians being arrested. Due to its massive popularity, this event was very impactful as it received great recognition from other countries. As the event triggered a violent response from the British government which opposed the campaign’s non-violent approach, it helped taint the British government’s global image therefore providing more support for Gandhi’s movement.

Due to this protest gaining a lot of recognition around the globe, it allowed for the movement to have a greater impact. This was because the British government’s opposing violent response that contrasted the Indian's non-violent movement put a bad image on the British government and helped uplift Gandhi's movement and nationalist beliefs. This helped infiltrate the power dynamic between the British and the Indians as the original profile during that time was that the whites were “superior”. This boosted the nationalism movement in India as people became more driven with the hope of gaining independence and straying away from the belief of white people being all-powerful/ superior. Gandhi’s movement helped instill faith and make indian’s feel more in power and control of their situation as a united front.

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Theme: Create more effective protests
A new constitutional act was placed upon India to ensure Britain’s power in 1935, so the League and Congress decided to participate in provincial elections. The right to vote was based on the property qualification, which was limited to the 35 million wealthy people of India, which also included women. The muslim league did not do well in the elections, winning barely even 5 percent of the muslim vote. The purpose of the Muslim league made in India was to defend the interests of India’s muslim minority. The Muslim league was a driving force in the creation of Pakistan being a muslim country, this vote was extremely important as it highlighted how muslims in India were indeed the minority.

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Theme: Counteract divide and rule strategy of British

The British prime minister, Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic charter which was a document that supported the right of all people’s political self-determination. However later on, Churchill declared that India was not included, it was evident that the British had not changed their attitude towards India, outraging them even more. The atlantic charter was a policy statement that that defined the allied goals for the post war world. The main points of the Atlantic charter was freedom of self determination, economic issues, disarmament, ethical goals and the aim to create a world free from war. This event highlighted the way in which Britain felt towards India, showing that they only needed India for their resources and troops, that they didn’t think that they were fit enough to run their own country and needed Britain’s input. By denying India’s right to being a part of this event, it shows that they didn’t truly have the idea to create a world free from war or economic issues, as they would continue to utilise India.

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By the time of the second world war, the Indian nationalist movement had developed to a point where they were able to set free from British control to some extent by having their own tariff system against British goods, etc. Britain soon declared war on Germany without consulting the Indian rulers during that time which sparked a lot of anger and resentment due to the disregard and disrespectful treatment of india. The national Indian congress then presented a set of demands that allowed for India to become independent after the events of war, and to be included in the viceroy's government in exchange for India's support during the war. All these demands were then rejected which led to all Indian congress members to resign. The second world war enfeebled the relationship between the Indian and British governments due to further suppression of political rights, freedom. Not only that but due to Britain's losses against Japan, its reputation and dynamic of being all-powerful was damaged and proved that they were defeatable. Not only that but many Indians were given senior roles in the army and other civil services. This together made the circumstances more beneficial for Gandhi and other nationalists to fight for independence after being released from prison.

After the second world war, due to the multiple losses Britain faced, they were proven to not be the all-powerful superior government they claimed and presented themselves as. This led to the flourishing of Indian nationalism as the power dynamic was disrupted and the idea of Indians being better and deserving better started to popularise. Not only that but during the war, as Britain needed as much support from India as they could get, since more india's got senior roles in the government and army which made conditions easier for nationalist parties and allowed for more effective protests. Additionally due to further suppression of political rights and freedom during the war this motivated and encouraged further nationalist beliefs in Indians as the British government’s ignorant treatment enraged many Indians as they felt their freedom further slipping away.

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After India's demands were rejected in the time of the second world war, Gandhi called for another civil disobedience movement called the Quit India campaign. This campaign basically demanded Britain to leave India immediately but unfortunately Gandhi was then arrested by the British government and the Indian national congress was banned.

This event was important since this was one of the first incidents where India asserted their voice and opinions in order to gain independence. The direct approach in this campaign helped send a strong message that let the British government know that India cannot be controlled the way they want to for a long time anymore due to them gaining more power and a stronger voice through the uprising nationalist movements.

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1945: Labour Party Comes to Power in Britain

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1945: Labour Party Comes to Power in Britain

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Around 1944-1945, the labour party won the elections which quickened the process of India gaining independence. This is because the members of the political party and the new prime minister wanted to focus on the rebuilding and growth of Britain rather than consuming their time over ruling india. They had also realised that the rule over India wasn’t supporting them economically at a sufficient level since Britain was going bankrupt and was in need of more resources in order to counteract the Indian rebellions who were fighting for independence. India in fact soon became a financial liability and Britain had become around 1.3 billion euros in debt. This meant that they would soon have to let go of India as they did not have the resources to counteract the Indian rebellions who were fighting for their independence.

The labour party winning the election in Britain had a great role in getting India to become independent as the new members of the political party were also in favour of India gaining independence. They had realised that ruling over india had weakened their own forces to the point where they faced a crumbling economy. This helped fasten the process of india gaining independence as well as disrupt Britain’s image of power as they started to lose everything that made them powerful therefore boosting nationalism in india as feelings of freedom, victory and superiority kicked in.

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Theme: Create more effective protests
Post world war 2, Britain’s need to be forced to use resources and troops from India caused the economic relationship between the two countries to reverse, with Britain owing India large sums of money, Britain suffered large consequences after winning the war in economic value. Britain offered India to be an independent nation, in exchange for assisting in cooperation for the war with providing men, as well as resources to help them from the Japanese. This event was the rise of Indian nationalists, which was the cause of many protests afterwards. After this, Gandhi also started his movement which had a major impact in Indian history. Due to the war, Britain was in debt to India of about 3 billion pounds, however only 1.25 billion was never paid.

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"A Post-WWII World: The 8 Points Of The Atlantic Charter". Thoughtco, 2021, https://www.thoughtco.com/eight-points-of-the-atlantic-charter-105517. Accessed 10 Nov 2021.

"The Atlantic Charter | History Of Western Civilization II". Courses.Lumenlearning.Com, 2021, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-atlantic-charter/. Accessed 10 Nov 2021.

"All-India Muslim League - Simple English Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia". Wikipedia, 2021, https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League. Accessed 10 Nov 2021.

Images:
- Most were free to use without copyright.

"The Other Independence Day". The Indian Express, 2015, https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/the-other-independence-day/. Accessed 10 Nov 2021.

Hickel, Jason. "How Britain Stole $45 Trillion From India". Aljazeera.Com, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/12/19/how-britain-stole-45-trillion-from-india. Accessed 10 Nov 2021.

"Atlantic Charter - Wikipedia". En.Wikipedia.Org, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Charter. Accessed 10 Nov 2021.