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Scoliosis is a three-dimensional abnormality that occurs when the spine becomes rotated and curved sideways, or a abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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Scoliosis affects 2-3 percent of the population, or an estimated six to nine million people in the United States.

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-Most children with scoliosis will have no physical limitations. Scoliosis does not affect a student's ability to learn, but wearing a back brace or having physical limitations at school can make a student feel self-conscious or embarrassed. You can show support by encouraging participation in all activities the student is allowed to do, and by being understanding of any discomfort or fatigue the student might feel

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Students with scoliosis may:

walk slower than other students

walk with a limp

feel embarrassed about wearing a brace

miss a lot of class time if surgery is needed

need additional time to complete assignments and make up tests

benefit from a 504 educational plan that calls for seating accommodations, additional time getting to and from classes, and elevator privileges if available

need to visit the school nurse for pain medication or back brace adjustments

need to be excused from physical education and sports

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Most students with scoliosis don't need any intervention because small curves generally don't cause problems. But if the curve worsens, it can:

cause discomfort or pain

affect a person's lungs and heart

lead to damage in the joints of the spine

Teachers must be accommodating to students who miss classes due to doctors appointments and make students feel as comfortable as possible. Not all students, but some may require a 504 for seating accommodations, or elevator privileges

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Shoulders are uneven – one or both shoulder blades may stick out

Head is not centered directly above the pelvis

One or both hips are raised or unusually high

Rib cages are at different heights

Waist is uneven

The appearance or texture of the skin overlying the spine changes (dimples, color abnormalities)

The entire body leans to one side

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Once the scoliosis is diagnosed and assessed, the following treatment options may be recommended.

Observation

Bracing

Surgery

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There are 3 different types of scoliosis:

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There are 3 different types of scoliosis:

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-Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty.

-Congenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. Because these abnormalities are present at birth, congenital scoliosis is usually detected at a younger age than idiopathic scoliosis. Children with congenital scoliosis sometimes have other health issues, such as kidney or bladder problems.

-Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.