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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter

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(35 millimeter film) The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras. Dating back to the first quarter of the 20th century, the 35mm format has mostly given way to digital still and video technologies.

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A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system.

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A camera which records images in a format larger than 4 x 5 inches. The main advantage of large format cameras is their incredible image resolution.

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The most commonly used method of making black and white prints since the 1890s.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors.

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An element of art that is 3-dimensional and encloses volume (l,w,h)

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense depth achieved in a work of art.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense depth achieved in a work of art.

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A principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. Variety is achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art.

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When it comes to art and design, movement refers to the path the viewer’s eye takes while reading a photograph.

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Put simply, patterns are repetitions of the elements of art and design. These work in unison within a single frame.

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Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in a photograph. It helps create a cohesive image.

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Symmetry around a central axis

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Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis

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Having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Containing or using only one color

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Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence

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A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection (the guy in charge of the artistic work).

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair

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Using elements of a scene to create a frame within the camera's frame.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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Any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger.

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Any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. ... Contrast with cool colors.

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Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are complementary colors. They “cancel” each other, if you mix them. This means that they create an achromatic (white, gray or black) light mixture.

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Neutral colors are hues lacking bold color pigment. Flesh tones, greys, black and white are all considered neutrals.

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A type of composition in which an image is divided evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, and the subject of the image is placed at the intersection of those dividing lines, or along one of the lines itself.

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A composition rule, the idea is that by using the golden ratio, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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A composition technique that paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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Positive space refers to the main focus of a picture; the objects in the frame

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Negative space (also called white space) is the area that surrounds the subject; the space around and between the objects in the frame

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An impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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The creative or artistic process. The aim is to make a personal interpretation, a composition to capture and create an image with style. The photograph may be of anything, an individual or group of people, objects, location or a landscape.

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The process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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Ethics is about the moral principles that people work with. Photographers have developed their own ideas about what is right and wrong.

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Refers to the main source of light behind the photographer's subject.

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A soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It seems to wrap around objects. It is softer and does not cast harsh shadows.

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Light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows etc.

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Chiaroscuro, (from Italian: chiaro, “light,” and scuro, “dark”) technique employed in the visual arts to represent light and shadow as they define three-dimensional objects.

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The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Originally a pair of paintings hinged together. In photography the diptych has become a popular format. Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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When applied to photography, is a group of three pictures. The origin of the term applied to three paintings on hinged wooden panels. They could fold into each other making a flat carrying pack.

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A minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

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When the sun is some distance below the horizon, when the sky is deep blue and the landscape is suffused with bluish light. In reality, what photographers call the blue hour really only lasts about 20 minutes.

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The period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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A file format defines the structure and type of data stored in a file. The structure of a typical file may include a header, metadata saved content, and an end-of-file (EOF) marker. The data stored in the file depends on the purpose of the file format.

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Unprocessed photograph captured with a digital camera. It contains the raw image data captured by the camera's sensor (or CCD), saved in proprietary file format specific to the camera manufacturer.

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A layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group."JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos since it supports 2²⁴ or 16,777,216 colors. The format also supports varying levels of compression.

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No difference from .TIFF
Tagged Image File Format: method for storing image data, extensively used across platforms and a de facto standard.

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Standard feature on digital cameras that will automatically determine the correct exposure for pictures without any user input other than to select the AE option before taking a picture.

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Manual mode lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.

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Means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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Allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions.

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ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light.

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Refers to auditory disruptions, in photography, the term digital noise refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph, and sometimes resembles the grain that you may see in film photography.

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Measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used, as it is replaced by ISO.

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(granularity) The random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds.

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An electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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A camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, rather than photographic film.

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A set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs.

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Means "Straight Out Of Camera (not Photoshopped)"

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up

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The general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings

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Predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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Also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject (see depth of field).

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Aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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Depth of field refers to the range of distance that appears acceptably sharp.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters.

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The unit of measurement which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken.

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Exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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Apparent streaking of moving objects.

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A term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed.

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A monopod is a camera support that has just one single leg.
A tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head.

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If your camera is set to “Auto White Balance”, it will try to guess the Kelvin (color temp) value based on a white object that serves as a reference point.

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White balance used when the sun/clear sky is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-6500 K.

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White balance used when shade is the source of light. Color temperature is 9000-10000 K.

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White balance used when a heavily overcast sky is the source of light. Color temperature is 9000-10000 K.

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White balance used when household variety is the source of light. Color temperature is 2500-3500 K.

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White balance used when white fluorescent light is the source of light.

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White balance used when the flash is the source of light. Color temperature is 5000-5500 K.

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CHOOSING A NEUTRAL REFERENCE: A neutral reference is often used for color-critical projects, or for situations where one anticipates auto white balance will encounter problems. Neutral references can either be parts of your scene (if you're lucky), or can be a portable item which you carry with you.

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entity as alive as the light. It is the shadows that shape the light, draw attention to the light, and integrate with the light to produce striking photographic opportunities

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range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail. * Usually represents the portion of tone reproduction in which gradations change in proportion to change in brightness