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Definition: A common problem in lenses which occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted (bent) by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should.

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Definition: Conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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Definition: A form of distortion that occurs when two elements of the signal being processed to form a digital image become indistinguishable from one another.

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Definition: The fuzz or distortion in a compressed image or sequence of video images. When a photo is compressed into a JPEG format, some data is lost, which is why this type of compression is called lossy compression.

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Definition: Commonly seen on wide angle lenses, barrel distortion happens because the field of view of thelens is much wider than the size of the image sensor and hence it needs to be “squeezed” to fit. As a result, straight lines are visibly curved inwards, especially towards the extreme edges of the frame.

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Definition: The exact opposite of barrel distortion – straight lines are curved outwards from the center. This type of distortion is commonly seen on telephoto lenses, and it occurs due to image magnification increasing towards the edges of the frame from the optical axis.

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Definition: Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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Definition: An image sensor format that is the same size as 35 mm format film.

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Definition: An electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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Definition: The ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format

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Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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Units of memory size. Kilobyte is 1000 bytes, megabyte = 1000 kilobytes, etc.

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Definition: An early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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Definition: High simplicity and involves using a minimal amount of compositional components such as shape, color, and line. The goal of minimalist art, or photography, is to convey a concept – or an idea – provoke an emotional response, or provide a unique visual experience.

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Definition: Art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

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Definition: Works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society. It may be characterized by nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability, and it may offer a critique of the relationship between producer and consumer.

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Definition: A 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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Definition: The use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. ... In the visual arts, to appropriate means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of human-made visual culture.

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Definition: The superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.

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Definition: A genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects. It is the application of photography to the still life artistic style. An example is food photography.

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Definition: commercial photography means taking photos for commercial use. And by commercial we mean for business, for sales, for money. Commercial photography is often associated with advertisements, sales pitches, brochures, product placements as well as merchandising.

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Definition: The taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object. Platforms for aerial photography include fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, balloons, blimps and dirigibles, rockets, pigeons, kites, parachutes, stand-alone telescoping and vehicle-mounted poles.

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Definition: A histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image. In other words, it shows the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness).

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Definition: A loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general. Somewhat paradoxically, anti-art tends to conduct this questioning and rejection from the vantage point of art.

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Definition:

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Definition: Description

In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96.

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Definition: Cross processing is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film.

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Definition: Honeycomb shaped. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light.

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Definition: A photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a soft box, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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Definition: In photography, a snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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Definition: A light modifier. Diffuses the light into a pleasing soft, even light.

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Definition: A self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio.

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Definition: Catchlights are the bright, specular highlights found in a subject's eyes that are reflections of the light source or sources. They will appear the same shape of the light modifier used.

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Definition: The Photoshop Curves command is your most powerful tool for adjusting tones to brighten, darken, add contrast and shift colors, yet many users choose to avoid it.

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Definition: A tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and mid-tones in a histogram.

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Definition: A ring light is a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography. It is usually made up of a number of small bulbs forming a circle or just one circular fluorescent bulb.

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Definition: The use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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Definition: An abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Definition: A positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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Definition: A photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. This way an image can be put on textiles, cups, glass and many other surfaces.

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Definition: An image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in.

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Definition: A photographic blueprint.

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Definition: An organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Definition:  A light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image. They are also referred to as eye lights or Obies.

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Definition: You adjust points throughout an image's tonal range.

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Definition: Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram.

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Definition: When used in photography, it creates an attractive catch light on a subject's eyes while emitting even, diffused lighting that helps eliminate shadows.

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Definition: The use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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Definition: “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Definition: A technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject.

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Definition: A lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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Definition: an essential lighting technique for portrait photographers. It is easy to create with just a single light source and is flattering on most subjects. A loop lighting pattern is created by using a light source positioned just to the side and pointed downward toward the subject.

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Definition:  A portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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Definition: Broad lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. This is the 'broad' side of the face - from camera position it is wider than the 'short' side of the face, the side that is turned away from the camera.

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Definition: Refers to when the main light illuminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera. This lets light fall on the narrow side of the face leaving a shadow on the broad side of the face, which is facing the camera.