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13 children have died in the St. Louis area have died since June 2019. 6 of those students were students from the slps school district. Super Intendent Dr. Kelvin Adams has been trying to take action and are trying to take effect to keep their students safe. This not only is killing the kids in the slps schools but it's also the affecting the students learning because their friends or brothers or sister or someone they love is now gone so they can't focus.

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ST. LOUIS - A clear bag policy for events and additional searches are just some of the ways St. Louis Public Schools says it's working to protect its students following a number of deadly shootings that left 13 children in the St. Louis area dead since June.

Six of those children were SLPS students.

"I think the school system always absorbs what happens in the greater community," School Board President Dorothy Rohdes-Collins said.

The SLPS Board of Education hosted a meeting Thursday night. Superintendent Dr. Kelvin Adams presented information on what the system is doing to keep schools secure, then he and the board listened to public comments from meeting attendees.

Speakers included staff, parents, elected officials and community activists. Some called on the school board to budget for more community resources, others called for the cultural climate in schools to be more loving but all speakers agreed that the entire community must take ownership for the violence among young people in St. Louis.

"We're the first line of care," an SLPS staff member said. "When that traumatized student comes in, they're in pain.'

Dr. Adams said the most recent shooting of an SLPS student, two weeks ago, directly impacted students at 10 of the district's schools. The district's protocol is to provide crisis teams and other resources to students, faculty, and families who are impacted by the trauma resulting from gun violence.
RELATED: 'It's a shell of what it used to be'; Residents speak out as Governor Parson promises more troopers and funding to help with gun violence RELATED: Schnucks asks customers to stop openly carrying guns in its stores

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SLPS hosts workshop to discuss violence in the city

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ST. LOUIS - A clear bag policy for events and additional searches are just some of the ways St. Louis Public Schools says it's working to protect its students following a number of deadly shootings that left 13 children in the St. Louis area dead since June.

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A Woodson Terrace police officer who was caught on camera kicking a suspect in the head recently resigned and was hired by another police department, News 4 has learned. Dash cam video showed the sergeant kicking a suspect after he surrendered. The incident happened near the intersection of Martin Luther King Drive and Ogden in north St. Louis County in April.

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a St. Louis County police officer saw a car with improper plates and attempted to make a traffic stop, according to the probable cause statement.

When the officer attempted to get out of his car, he saw Higgins hang out of the car window and point something at him. The officer then heard two gunshots. Bull was in the driver’s seat and drove away.

The officer chased them for about 15 minutes until their car became ‘disabled.’

The two men engaged multiple officers in a physical struggle before being taken into custody, according to police.

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~Scientist analyzed fossilised teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors.
~They discovered that the first humans breastfed their infants for longer periods.
~ offspring was breastfed until the age of around three to four years.

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- A new study has for the first time identified regions of the genome associated with left-handedness in the general population and linked their effects with brain architecture
- The new study, published in the journal Brain, identified some of the genetic variants associated with left-handedness by analyzing the genomes of about 400,000 people
- Of the four genetic regions they identified, three of these were associated with proteins involved in brain development and structure

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-Stone tools and other artifacts unearthed from an archaeological dig at the Cooper's Ferry site.
-western Idaho suggest that people lived in the area 16,000 years ago.
-The findings, published today in Science, add weight to the hypothesis that initial human migration to the Americas followed a Pacific coastal route rather than through the opening of an inland ice-free corridor, said Loren Davis, a professor of anthropology at Oregon State University and the study's lead author.

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-Sniffing a lemon can make people feel slim
- The smell boosts body image and improves self esteem
- Nobody has looked at whether smells could have a similar effect on body perception

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Sniffing a lemon makes people feel slim, according to new research.

The aroma boosts body image and improves self-esteem, scientists say.

Lead author Giada Brianza, a Ph.D. student, said: "Our brain holds several mental models of one's own body appearance which are necessary for successful interactions with the environment.
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"These body perceptions are continuously updated in response to sensory inputs received from outside and inside the body.

"Our study shows how the sense of smell can influence the image we have in our mind of our body and on the feelings and emotions towards it."

The study at the University of Sussex's Computer-Human Interaction (SCHI) Lab found participants felt thinner and lighter when they experienced the scent of a lemon.

On the other hand, the pungent smell of vanilla had the opposite effect - making them feel thicker and heavier.
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Brianza said: "It could lead to novel and more effective therapies for people with body perception disorders or the development of interactive clothes and wearable technology.

"They could use scent to enhance people's self-confidence and recalibrate distorted feelings of body weight."

The findings presented at an international conference on human-computer interaction in Paphos, Cyprus, is the first to analyze how smell affects body image.

It is believed nearly 3.5 million people in the UK suffer from an eating disorder, and around 30 million in the US.

Co-author Dr. Ana Tajadura-Jimenez, of the Carlos III University of Madrid, said: "Our previous research has shown how sound can be used to alter body perception.

"For instance, in a series of studies, we showed how changing the pitch of the footstep sounds people produce when walking can make them feel lighter and happier and also change the way they walk.

"However, nobody before has looked at whether smells could have a similar effect on body perception."
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Lab head Professor Marianna Obrist said: "Previous research has shown that lemon is associated with thin silhouettes, spiky shapes and high-pitched sounds while vanilla is associated with thick silhouettes, rounded shapes and low-pitched sounds.

"This could help account for the different body image perceptions when exposed to a range of nasal stimuli.

"One of the interesting findings from the research is sound appears to have a stronger effect on unconscious behavior whilst scent has a stronger effect on conscious behavior.

"Further studies need to be carried out in order to better understand the potential around sensory and multisensory stimuli on BIP."

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Sniffing a lemon can make people feel slim, limited study suggests

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Sniffing a lemon makes people feel slim, according to new research. The aroma boosts body image and improves self-esteem, scientists say. Lead author Giada Brianza, a Ph.D. student, said: "Our brain holds several mental models of one's own body appearance which are necessary for successful interactions with the environment.

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Regarding the Philippine News Agency, the secretary Fortunato dela Pena , stated that he

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- scientists found that people from weather damaged homes are more likely to experience poor mental health even when the damage is relatively minor
- psychological damage is not visible and can b underrated in the face of all the physical damage done to private property and businessess

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- The Crowdfunding ask for $20,000 for cancer care and only gets $5,000
-Cancer funds are so high patients with cancer has to set up a Gofundme account and they still always have enough.
- Underinsured or uninsured patients sought ought higher donation amounts.

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-Parasitic worm infections can reduce the susceptibility of immune cells to HIV infection
-Some species of parasitic worm, such as the water-borne Schistosoma mansoni, have developed strategies to evade and dampen human immune responses.
-A new study was found that two specific molecules from S. mansoni can modulate the immune response with consequences for HIV infection.

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-the work does not directly address whether high levels of prenatal testosterone cause autism or lack empathy
- observation that men are at least 10 times more likely to develop autism
-Nadler cautions, however, that the study can’t disprove any theories about testosterone’s impact on the developing brain. “What we’re saying is that giving people testosterone as adults has no influence on their ability to understand people’s emotions.”

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Of the many proposed triggers for autism, one of the most controversial is the " extreme male brain " hypothesis. The idea posits that exposure to excess testosterone in the womb wires both men and women to have a hypermasculine view of the world, prioritizing stereotypically male behaviors like building machines over stereotypically female behaviors like empathizing with a friend. Now, a study is raising new doubts about this theory, finding no effect of testosterone on empathy in adult men.

The work does not directly address whether high levels of prenatal testosterone cause autism or lack of empathy. That would require directly sampling the hormone in utero, which can endanger a developing fetus. But the new study's large size-more than 600 men-makes it more convincing than similar research in the past, which included no more than a few dozen participants, experts say.

The extreme male brain hypothesis was first proposed by psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. In 2011, he and colleagues found that women given a single hefty dose of testosterone fared significantly worse at the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET), which asked them to gauge the emotional states of others based on their facial expressions. The women's performance seemed to track with a controversial metric called the 2D:4D ratio, the relative lengths of the second and fourth fingers. Men-and people with autism-tend to have a longer ring finger than index finger, and some researchers believe that is due to higher prenatal exposure to testosterone. ( Others are skeptical.)

Taken together with the observation that men are at least 10 times more likely to develop autism, Baron-Cohen argued that the condition results from a "masculinization" of the brain in utero.

But as the theory caught on in psychology circles, few seemed to notice that the small follow-up studies that other researchers attempted failed to replicate the original findings, says Amos Nadler, a neuro-economist and visiting scholar at the University of Toronto in Canada. "People referred to that original study as if it was a solid stepping stone," he says. "Pardon my French, but nobody was calling bullshit."

Nadler and colleagues decided to run a much larger study. They also focused on men rather than women, partly because men are disproportionately affected by autism. After measuring the baseline testosterone levels of 243 volunteers, the team gave each man the first half of the RMET. The scientists then administered a single dose of testosterone gel applied to the shoulders, or a placebo. Then the participants took the second half of the RMET and once again, the team measured their performance and testosterone levels. In a separate experiment, the team followed a similar protocol with 400 additional men at a different location but administered the testosterone as a nasal gel.

There was no difference in performance on the empathy test between the placebo and testosterone groups in either study, the team reports today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. The researchers also measured participants' 2D:4D ratios, and found no detectable pattern that could connect the purported testosterone exposure in the womb to empathy levels. "Even when we tried to be very forgiving about it, there was nothing there. Like, no effect," Nadler says.

To Melissa Hines, a neuroscientist also at Cambridge, the team's inability to replicate earlier findings is "unsurprising." The small size of past studies and the unreliability of the 2D:4D measure make it unlikely that the results would replicate in women either, she says.

Still, Baron-Cohen finds it "strange" that Nadler's team conducted the study exclusively in men "because to expect to see an effect of testosterone, one needs to study people who at baseline have relatively low" testosterone, he says-in other words, women.

But Nadler says Baron-Cohen's objection is "incongruous" with the original paper's hypothesis, which predicted that people with higher prenatal testosterone levels would be more sensitive to the empathy-blunting effects of testosterone. That means men should show "more pronounced effects [than women], not less," he says.

Nadler cautions, however, that the study can't disprove any theories about testosterone's impact on the developing brain. "What we're saying is that giving people testosterone as adults has no influence on their ability to understand people's emotions."

He hopes the study will dispel any misconceptions that by controlling testosterone-for example, using medications to block it in pregnant women-it might be possible to prevent autism. "If there's no relationship, then we shouldn't give people false hope."
*Correction, 4 September, 11:35 a.m.: This story has been updated to reflect Amos Nadler's status, the date of the original study, and the experimental setup of the current one.

doi:10.1126/science.aaz3700

Emily is a contributing correspondent for Science, covering neuroscience.

More from News

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Study challenges idea that autism is caused by an overly masculine brain

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Of the many proposed triggers for autism, one of the most controversial is the " extreme male brain " hypothesis. The idea posits that exposure to excess testosterone in the womb wires both men and women to have a hypermasculine view of the world, prioritizing stereotypically male behaviors like building machines over stereotypically female behaviors like empathizing with a friend.

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A family in the Bevo Mill neighborhood says they had to duck to avoid getting shot during a shootout on their street. Carlos Aguilar tells News 4 he was getting ready for work Saturday afternoon when his mom, stepdad, cousin, and 12-year-old brother were outside on the porch. He says they heard gunshots coming from down the street. Aguilar says the gunmen were shooting at each other from their cars as one was chasing the other.

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Dominic Salvatore Yocco accused of raping a unconscious girls in St.Louis Missouri.
-Yocco allegedly raped the girls more than a year ago
-a 14 year old girl said yocco raped her while she was unconscious and also yocco hit and pinched her the police said also according to court paper yocco raped a 16 year old girl twice
-There was also two other girls that accused him of raping them
- A lawyer who represented him in both of those traffic cases said he has not been contacted by Yocco for the criminal case
https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/man-accused-of-raping-unconscious-girls-in-st-louis-county/article_6cb893c4-4476-57f0-886f-a8633d55839a.html#2

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- Compared with participants who drank less than one glass of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened soft drinks per month, participants who drank two or more glasses of these drinks per day had a higher risk of all-cause mortality.
- consumption of two or more glasses of artificially sweetened soft drinks per day was found to be positively associated with deaths from circulatory diseases
- consumption of one or more glasses of sugar-sweetened soft drinks per day was found to be positively associated with deaths from digestive diseases

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A new study coordinated by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) examined the association between total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drink consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality.

The study included data from more than 450,000 people in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, with an average follow-up period of more than 16 years. Compared with participants who drank less than one glass of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened soft drinks per month, participants who drank two or more glasses of these drinks per day had a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

In addition, consumption of two or more glasses of artificially sweetened soft drinks per day was found to be positively associated with deaths from circulatory diseases, and consumption of one or more glasses of sugar-sweetened soft drinks per day was found to be positively associated with deaths from digestive diseases.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is part of the World Health Organization. Its mission is to coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer control. The Agency is involved in both epidemiological and laboratory research and disseminates scientific information through publications, meetings, courses, and fellowships.

Journal Reference:

Amy Mullee, Dora Romaguera, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, Vivian Viallon, Magdalena Stepien, Heinz Freisling, Guy Fagherazzi, Francesca Romana Mancini, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Tilman Kühn, Rudolf Kaaks, Heiner Boeing, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Kim Overvad, Elisabete Weiderpass, Guri Skeie, Christine L. Parr, J. Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Pilar Amiano, Lluís Cirera, Eva Ardanaz, Kay-Tee Khaw, Tammy Y. N. Tong, Julie A. Schmidt, Antonia Trichopoulou, Georgia Martimianaki, Anna Karakatsani, Domenico Palli, Claudia Agnoli, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Roel Vermeulen, Stina Ramne, Emily Sonestedt, Bethany van Guelpen, Pernilla Lif Holgersson, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Alicia K. Heath, David Muller, Elio Riboli, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy. Association Between Soft Drink Consumption and Mortality in 10 European Countries. JAMA Internal Medicine, 2019; DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2478

Cite This Page:

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diseases and conditions; cancer; pancreatic cancer; ovarian cancer; pests and parasites; biology

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Association between soft drink consumption and mortality in 10 European countries

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A large European study found that compared with participants who drank less than one glass of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened soft drinks per month, participants who drank two or more glasses of these drinks per day had a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

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This Scientist spends his time hunting for creatures other people Flee-Snakes

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This Scientist spends his time hunting for creatures other people Flee-Snakes

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-There are more than 40 snake species in Missouri are venomous.
-Ben Jellen an associate professor of biology at St.Louis college of pharmacy is leading a small group of researchers who hope to learn more about this elusive.
-Most common venomous snake species in Missouri,scientist know surprisingly little about it's basic biology.

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Only a few of the more than 40 snake species in Missouri are venomous, including the one Ben Jellen is looking for: the copperhead.

Copperheads have extraordinarily well-camouflaged bodies, which blend in with fallen leaves and branches. Although it's the most common venomous snake species in Missouri, scientists know surprisingly little about its basic biology. Jellen, an associate professor of biology at St. Louis College of Pharmacy, is leading a small group of researchers who hope to learn more about this elusive snake.

He ticks off a long list of what we don't know about copperheads, comparing the research to a never-ending jigsaw puzzle.

"How many are there? Where do they move? How do they find mates? Where do they hibernate?" Jellen asks.
Elusive subjects
The snakes are extremely hard to find, which makes them difficult to study. The team spent about 150 hours searching nearby forests for copperheads - and found two.

To even the odds, they're implanting small radio transmitters inside the snakes so they can track them in the wild.

St. Louis Zoo veterinarian Chris Hanley has performed several of the transmitter implantations, including a recent surgery on a young copperhead found at Powder Valley Nature Center in Kirkwood.

The team hooks up the tiny snake, which weighs less than half a stick of butter, to a ventilator, anesthesia machine and heart-rate monitor during the surgery.

"The trickiest part in these little snakes is getting [the transmitter] into the body cavity," said Hanley, assistant director of animal health at the St. Louis Zoo. "You don't want to just go under the skin, because the body will kick it out very easily like a splinter."

Brittany Neier, a master's student on the research team, watches nervously as Hanley secures the final suture.

"I get so excited and intrigued with the process, but there's always a little bit of worry," said Neier, who also works as an educator at the St. Louis Zoo.
Tracking the snakes
Less than a week later, the team has released the snake where he was originally found at Powder Valley Nature Center - and begun tracking his movements through the forest.

Neier carries a large metal antenna, hoping to pick up the frequency of the snake's radio transmitter.

"The closer you are to the snake, the louder the signal is," she explains, listening for the telltale beeps from the transmitter. "It tells you if you're walking in the right direction."

About 15 feet from the walking path, the copperhead lies motionless under a fallen log, peering out at Neier and Jellen.

The snakes can be tough to find, even with equipment.

"A lot of times, the signal is coming from within two feet in front of me and I still can't see the snake," Jellen said. "Eventually, I see it is directly between my feet."

The researchers collect a range of data for each snake sighting, including GPS coordinates, temperature and humidity - in the hopes that this information will help explain why snakes are found in certain places but not others.
'Fingers crossed'
In the St. Louis area, copperheads and other snake species now live in small habitat patches bordered by major roads. As humans have moved out of cities and built homes where there once was forest, snake populations have been squeezed into progressively smaller slices of habitat.

"Because they're so cryptic, they go undetected quite a bit," Jellen said. "That saves you from direct persecution - like meeting the wrong end of a shovel - but it doesn't save you from habitat loss."

These small, isolated populations are at a high risk of inbreeding and can eventually go extinct, said Bob Aldridge, retired professor of biology at St. Louis University.

"If your population is large enough, you can lose a fair number of them, and the ones that survive can repopulate an area over several generations," Aldridge said. "A small population without a lot of genetic diversity could be wiped out."

It's unclear whether copperhead populations are stable in the St. Louis area, because researchers don't know how many individuals are out there.

So far, Jellen has tagged five copperheads in the past year - but one, a pregnant female, died in a recent flash flood at Powder Valley.

"You go out and track them every day for a year," Jellen said. "You learn their habits, and you get a little attached to them. You keep your fingers crossed nothing happens to them."
'Just let it be'
Because his field sites are situated near popular hiking trails, Jellen said he often meets curious onlookers who want to know what he's doing - like a hiker who stopped him to ask if his antenna was a music stand.

Jellen said he uses these encounters to help educate people about snakes.

"One of the misconceptions is that they're really aggressive; that every snake is out there to hurt you," he said. "I saw this old movie where a cowboy was riding a horse, and a rattlesnake jumped up and bit him on the neck. It was wrong on so many levels."

When it comes to any wildlife, including venomous snakes, Jellen has a suggestion.

"The Beatles had it right; just let it be," he said. "Take two steps back, walk around it and let it be."
Follow Shahla on Twitter: Send questions and comments about this story to feedback@stlpublicradio.org @shahlafarzan

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This Scientist Spends His Time Hunting For Creatures Other People Flee - Snakes

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Only a few of the more than 40 snake species in Missouri are venomous, including the one Ben Jellen is looking for: the copperhead. Copperheads have extraordinarily well-camouflaged bodies, which blend in with fallen leaves and branches. Although it's the most common venomous snake species in Missouri, scientists know surprisingly little about its basic biology.

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-a man and his passenger fell asleep while driving a Tesla car
-while set to autopilot, the two dosed of, without regard to the warning system to replace control to the driver from the autopilot
-with the report, Tesla has announced that in it's current stage, Tesla autopilot mode is incapable of complete control.

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A motorist behind the wheel and a passenger next to him were caught on video fast asleep inside a Tesla on a highway over the weekend. The footage, captured by Dakota Randall, showed a couple riding along the Massachusetts Turnpike - with no one seemingly alert.

The driver looked hunched over and the passenger also appeared to be dozing off. Randall posted the video to Twitter on Sunday. "Some guy literally asleep at the wheel on the Mass Pike (great place for it). Teslas are sick, I guess?" he tweeted.

Randall told CBS Boston he tried waking them up by honking but it didn't work. "It was just so strange and baffling," Randall told the station. "I thought I saw somebody asleep at the wheel but I wasn't sure so I did a double-take. Sure enough, there was somebody with his head right between his legs."

Some guy literally asleep at the wheel on the Mass Pike (great place for it).

Teslas are sick, I guess? pic.twitter.com/ARSpj1rbVn
- Dakota Randall (@DakRandall) September 8, 2019

"They looked like they needed to go home and go to bed," he added.

Massachusetts State Police told CBS Boston there's no law against falling asleep behind the wheel of a self-driving car. However, Tesla does not consider its cars with the autopilot feature to be self-driving in its current form and it does not allow the driver to abdicate responsibility.

Regarding the incident, a Tesla spokesperson claimed "these videos appear to be dangerous pranks or hoaxes," adding that its driver-monitoring system repeatedly reminds drivers to remain engaged.

"At highway speeds, drivers typically receive warnings every 30 seconds or less if their hands aren't detected on the wheel," a company spokesperson said. "Tesla owners have driven billions of miles using Autopilot, and data from our quarterly Vehicle Safety Report indicates that drivers using Autopilot experience fewer accidents than those operating without assistance."

This is the latest incident involving a driver seemingly asleep at the wheel of one of Tesla's cars. In August, another video circulated of a driver who appeared to be dozing off on the I-5 near Santa Clarita, local station KABC-TV reported.

@RalphNader Ralph can you do anything about stopping this disturbing phenomenon? My wife and I shot this video last week on the busy I-5 in LA. @Tesla #sleepingdrivers #unsafeatanyspeed pic.twitter.com/ADbpt0uSZ4
- Clint Olivier (@ClintOlivier) August 21, 2019

Last week, a National Transportation Safety Board report found the driver of a Tesla was using the car's Autopilot system when a vehicle in front of him suddenly changed lanes and he didn't have time to react before crashing into a fire truck near Los Angeles.

First published on September 9, 2019 / 3:35 PM

© 2019 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Entertainment

Billy Bush on rebuilding after Trump tape

Billy Bush is back on television as the new host of the entertainment show, "Extra." His return comes three years after he was suddenly fired, after a 2005 Access Hollywood tape was released showing Bush and Donald Trump engaging in a lewd conversation about women. In a network exclusive, Gayle King went to Burbank Studios in California, where Bush showed her how he's approaching this opportunity with a new perspective.

Space

India fails to land on the moon

India hoped to become the fourth nation to soft-land on the moon with their Chandrayaan-2 space mission. But their space agency, ISRO, lost communication with their lander just before the mission was complete. CBS News Space Consultant Bill Harwood joined CBSN to discuss the apparent failure.

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Disturbing video shows driver apparently asleep in moving Tesla on highway

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A motorist behind the wheel and a passenger next to him were caught on video fast asleep inside a Tesla on a highway over the weekend. The footage, captured by Dakota Randall, showed a couple riding along the Massachusetts Turnpike - with no one seemingly alert.

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-death total has reached 50 in hurricane orian
-42 bodies were found in Abaco and 8 in grand Bahamama
-Thousands of people remain missing, and relief efforts were underway on the battered islands.

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Hurricane Dorian's death toll in the Bahamas climbed to 50 on Monday as more deaths were reported from the storm that plowed through the country last week, officials said.

Health Minister Duane Sands confirmed the latest death count, up from 44 on Sunday, to NBC News.

Forty-two bodies have been found in Abaco and eight recovered on Grand Bahama, said Anthony Ferguson, commissioner of Royal Bahamas Police Force.

Thousands of people remain missing, and relief efforts were underway on the battered islands.

"The situation is pretty dire here," college student Kristoff Strachan on Grand Bahama told MSNBC by phone over the weekend. "It's just a lot of people trying to get out."

Rescue workers were going door to door and U.S. Coast Guard helicopters were evacuating critically injured residents.

A Bahamas cruise ship ferried more than 1,100 Bahamians to the United States, and Customs and Border Protection delivered food and water by helicopter. The U.S. president on Monday dismissed the idea of allowing Bahamians into the U.S. after the storm, not long after the acting CBP chief said it was worth considering.

On Great Abaco, the storm's devastation was evident in wrecked boats, flattened homes and downed power lines.

At an airport in Marsh Harbour, dozens of Haitian refugees were boarding a Delta flight to the Bahamas capital, Nassau, on Sunday morning. Many had fled their native island after the 2010 earthquake, settling in a hard-hit Marsh Harbour neighborhood known as "the Mudd."

"These clothes on me - that's all I have," one migrant, Joseph Farine, 69, told NBC News. "Everything's gone."

The slow-moving Category 5 storm had 185 mph maximum sustained winds, gusts that topped 200 mph and a storm surge that reached nearly two-dozen feet.

The most powerful hurricane on record to strike the Bahamas, Dorian made a direct hit on the Abaco Islands and Grand Bahama.

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More Hurricane Dorian deaths confirmed in the Bahamas

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Hurricane Dorian's death toll in the Bahamas climbed to 50 on Monday as more deaths were reported from the storm that plowed through the country last week, officials said. Health Minister Duane Sands confirmed the latest death count, up from 44 on Sunday, to NBC News.

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- Researchers have developed new technology to detect and classify cancer cells effectively and faster than biopsies.
- The technology allows doctors to administer treatments earlier.
- STAMP,Sequence-Topology Assembly for Multiplexed Profiling, uses programmable DNA barcodes to measure billions of protein markers in a single test.

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A team of researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed a novel technology that could sensitively and accurately detect and classify cancer cells, as well as determine the disease aggressiveness from the least invasive biopsies. With this new technology called STAMP (Sequence-Topology Assembly for Multiplexed Profiling), comprehensive disease information can be obtained faster, at a much earlier stage of the clinical workflow, allowing doctors to decide and administer treatments earlier and more effectively.

A biopsy, which involves removing a small amount of tissue from the body, is the main way for doctors to diagnose most cancers. While less invasive biopsy procedures are preferred, they can yield insufficient samples, resulting in incomplete and/or inconclusive diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis and further analysis such as cancer staging can only be made post-surgery; this long-waited information is then used to guide subsequent treatment decisions.

The STAMP technology overcomes many challenges of this clinical workflow to enable early and informative cancer diagnostics. STAMP uses programmable DNA barcodes to measure billions of protein markers in a single test -- the amount as well as the distribution of these protein markers in a cell -- from a small clinical sample. Using breast cancer as a model, STAMP achieves a high diagnostic accuracy of above 94 per cent, comparable with gold-standard tissue pathology, and reveals important clinical information which currently can only be obtained through post-surgery tissue analysis -- all directly from a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, the least invasive form of biopsy.

Led by Assistant Professor Shao Huilin from the NUS Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (NUS iHealthtech), the 10-member research team spent over two years to develop STAMP.

"Our STAMP technology leverages the unique properties of DNA to form 3D barcodes. These barcodes can be used to measure diverse protein markers as well as detect the markers' specific locations in cells. By mapping these marker distribution patterns in cells, STAMP can provide an early indication of disease aggressiveness. Current pathology techniques only measure a small subset of protein markers and require several days of extensive processing. In comparison, STAMP is a million times more sensitive, provides highly informative analysis from scarce samples, and can be completed in as little as two hours," said Asst Prof Shao.

The team's technology breakthrough was published by the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering.
Tracks billions of protein markers in a single test
Comprehensive analysis of protein expression and distribution holds great promise for discovery of biomarkers, early disease detection, and rationalising of treatment options. However, current approaches involve imaging and microscopy techniques, which are complex, time-consuming, and have a limited multiplexing capability. STAMP was conceptualised and developed to address these challenges.

The blueprint of life, DNA exists in nature as long 'ribbons' to store massive genetic information through its combination of base codes. Aside from this well-known linear form, DNA can be precisely engineered to fold into 3D nanostructures with enhanced stability. STAMP leverages these two important properties of DNA -- a large capacity to store information as well as its programmability to fold and unfold into different structures -- to engineer convertible barcodes. These STAMP barcodes can be used to measure billions of protein markers in a single test and identify the specific locations of these protein markers in cells.

"To label diverse protein markers in cells, STAMP uses DNA barcodes which are folded as compact nanostructures. These 3D barcodes achieve a high labelling efficiency and remain stable against biological degradation. Each 3D barcode is further given a localisation label to encode protein marker location and distribution within the cell," explained Mr Noah Sundah, a doctoral student from NUS iHealthtech as well as NUS Department of Biomedical Engineering, and first author of the study.

"To perform analysis, these 3D barcodes are unfolded on-demand through heating to release a pool of linear DNA, which can be easily analysed using established technologies such as PCR and DNA sequencing. In this way, the expression of a very large number of protein markers and their distribution in cells can be sensitively measured in a single test," Mr Sundah added.

To facilitate clinical processing and measurement, the research team implemented the STAMP technology on a small microfluidic chip that is about half the size of a credit card. Test results could be generated from small amounts of clinical samples, and each test is estimated to cost US$36.
Effective test for cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and measuring aggressiveness
To validate STAMP's performance, the research team conducted a clinical study involving 69 breast cancer patients. FNA biopsies were collected from each patient and analysed using STAMP. For comparison, gold-standard pathology analysis was performed on post-surgery tissues for all patients.

The STAMP analysis of the FNA samples demonstrated a high level of accuracy of more than 94 per cent for cancer diagnosis and subtyping, making it equally accurate as pathology analysis of surgical tissues. Importantly, based on its comprehensive protein marker analysis, STAMP was also able to accurately identify disease aggressiveness from the scarce biopsy samples.
Next steps
A provisional patent has been filed for STAMP. Asst Prof Shao and her team are currently in discussions with industry partners to further develop and commercialise this technology. The technology is expected to reach the market within the next five years.

Moving forward, the research team hopes to expand the applications of STAMP to other types of cancer, such as brain, lung, and gastric cancer, as well as validate the technology in other samples, such as blood and ascites.

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lung cancer; diseases and conditions; cancer; breast cancer; medical devices; human biology; prostate cancer; genes

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Making biopsies less invasive and more informative

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A team of researchers has developed a novel technology that could sensitively and accurately detect and classify cancer cells, as well as determine the disease aggressiveness from the least invasive biopsies. With this new technology called STAMP (Sequence-Topology Assembly for Multiplexed Profiling), comprehensive disease information can be obtained faster, at a much earlier stage of the clinical workflow, allowing doctors to decide and administer treatments earlier and more effectively.

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when our nervous system is developing it only develops the most viable neurons. while the immature die. The results indicate that the long-standing neurotrophic theory, which states that chance determines which cells will form the nervous system, needs to be revised

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from research organizations

It appears that when our nervous system is developing, only the most viable neurons survive, while immature neurons are weeded out and die. This is shown in a ground-breaking discovery by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. The results indicate that the long-standing neurotrophic theory, which states that chance determines which cells will form the nervous system, needs to be revised.

During the early stages of the development of the nervous system, an excess of neurons is generated. At a certain time, a large portion of these cells then die, which is a necessary step for the proper formation of the nervous system. The process takes about 24 hours and in certain parts of the nervous system roughly half of all neurons disappear.

Researchers have previously believed this has been a random process, in which all cells have had an equal chance of survival. However, researchers from Karolinska Institute have now publishing a study in Nature Communications which shows that cell death instead appears to be controlled by a mechanism that weeds out the less fitted cells.

"The cells that survive are more mature and inclined to form synapses with other nerve cells," says Saida Hadjab, who has coordinated the study together with Francois Lallemend. They are both researchers at the Department of Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet.

Several years ago, Hadjab and Lallemend noted that the early neurons are different. On the surface of them are receivers of growth factors that stimulate their survival. Hadjab and Lallemend discovered that certain neurons had more of these receivers than others. They started to suspect that cell death is somehow controlled, so that only certain selected cells survived.

They have now conducted with their team a detailed study of individual neurons in the early nervous system in mice and have among other things discovered which genes are active. Their mapping has revealed two distinct molecular patterns that determine the fate of these cells. The cells that are the most capable of growing and forming connections to other neurons survive, while the more immature cells die.

The study has been performed in the peripheral sensory nervous system. Whether cell death is controlled in the same way in other parts of the nervous system remains to be discovered.

"This discovery can help us understand the brain and the development of the nervous system on a different level. Earlier studies have mainly studied the environment surrounding the cell, and neuronal population as homogenous cell type. One has not examined the actual neurons individually, their fitness and how different they are," says Francois Lallemend.

This discovery could potentially be significant to the treatment of different neurological diseases. For example, in the case of Parkinson's Disease, doctors have tried to transplant healthy stem cells in patients, but the majority of cells die shortly after the treatment. It is possible that the treatment could become more successful if the less fitted cells were weeded out before the transplant, so that the patient was only given viable neurons.

Journal Reference:

Yiqiao Wang, Haohao Wu, Paula Fontanet, Simone Codeluppi, Natalia Akkuratova, Charles Petitpré, Yongtao Xue-Franzén, Karen Niederreither, Anil Sharma, Fabio Da Silva, Glenda Comai, Gulistan Agirman, Domenico Palumberi, Sten Linnarsson, Igor Adameyko, Aziz Moqrich, Andreas Schedl, Gioele La Manno, Saida Hadjab, François Lallemend. A cell fitness selection model for neuronal survival during development. Nature Communications, 2019; 10 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12119-3

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It appears that when our nervous system is developing, only the most viable neurons survive, while immature neurons are weeded out and die. The results indicate that the long-standing neurotrophic theory, which states that chance determines which cells will form the nervous system, needs to be revised.

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