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Middle Eastern Culture

Ben Stevenson
Vivianne Clark

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US, Soviet Union, Afghanistan

Emma Stafford & Vaughn Holloway

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Iraq, Kuwait, U.S.

Ashton Lasater and Chloe Partlow

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Israel, France, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Egypt, United States, Soviet Union

Steven Rahija, Charlie Grace, and Donte Kincaid

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United Nations, Jews and Arabs in Palestine

Julia Bordelon, Grace King, Ashley Cooper

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The Arab League (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, All-Palestine) supported by the Soviet Union Vs. Israel, the United Kingdom, France, and the Free Lebanon State supported by the United States

Jack Webster, Kali Byrnes, Brayden Molinyawe

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Iran and Iraq

Caitlyn Krueger, Jason Zheng

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The governments led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomein and Reza Shah Pahlavi and the US
Brenden
Holly Mathews
Colin McCann

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Once Afghanistan had fought off the control of the Soviet Union, Islamic groups started to fight for control over Afghanistan.

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Saddam Hussein sent troops in hopes of capturing the oil-rich Kuwait. The United States then backed Kuwait against Iraq and Hussein.

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The French and British joined the Israeli forces pushing towards Egypt after the president of Egypt, Nasser, nationalized the canal. Nasser threatened to shut down shipping in the area so that the British and the French could not travel a shorter distance to trade with other countries. Due to Egypt nationalizing the Suez Canal, the British and French attacked to gain the land back.

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Conflict over the creation of Israel as a Jewish state. Arabs refused to recognize it as a state and had invaded it but failed.

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With there already being tensions between the Arab states and Israel, the president of Egypt, Nasser, made public speeches threatening Israel and even imposed blockades against Israel after Israel declared its independence.

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Religious differences. Iranians were Shia muslims and Iraqi were Sunni muslims. They have had a long uneasy relationship and also had conflict over territory in the past.

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Many people felt that the leadership of Reza Shah Pahlavi was based too much on greed and materialism which they identified with the U.S.

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the Islamic group Taliban won and took control over Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda was formed by Bin Laden who drove out the Westerners.

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After intervention from U.N. members to free Kuwait, heavy sanctions were placed on Iraq although Hussein was not overthrown. The region is still closely monitored by the U.N. The war also spurred on the Iraq War.

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In the end, the British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 and early 1957.

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Palestine Mandate divided into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The State of Israel was also created. Because of conflicts that came from the Arab states not recognizing the creation of the two separate areas, Palestinians went to other Arab states. However, when some Jews were thrown out of other Muslim countries they fled to Israel.

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Resulted with a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, but there is still some political conflict in Palestine today.

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In 1988, both Iran and Iraq signed a cease-fire without resolving the war's basic issues.

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Khomeini's Islamic republic took over and restored Islamic law and killed the supporters of Reza Shah Pahlavi, and after Khomeini's death, a more moderate government allowed some civil liberties but most were still unhappy, especially the younger generation, with the conservative Muslim clerks

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Islamic Fundamentalism/Activism: Extremists were trying to remove all Western influence from the region, deeming Westernness as representing unholy ideals.

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Roles for women were pushed to be more traditional and less liberated after many years of hesitant debate on women's rights. Literature began to have a further emphasis on national identity and historical pride.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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The new form of Islamic culture promoted the removal of western influence. This allowed the countries to become more independent from the west and emphasize their own culture. This was encouraged by the nationalist literature which caused people to become interested in the history of their nation.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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The formation of al-Qaeda has caused many modern day problems for Afghanistan and he entire world. This has a strong connection to nationalism and independence movement because Afghanistan earned their independence from the Soviet Union.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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The war had little relation to any nationalist movement excepting the goal of freeing Kuwait from Iraq. The war proved to push the nationalist agenda of other nations.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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It was strong, and it continued tensions in the Mid-East. Due to the arguments over the canal, the nationalist movement in this area began to thrive.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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It was strong on the Arabs side because they believed that the Jewish betrayed them and were strong on their beliefs. It has lead to ongoing conflict because of Arabs not accepting a Jewish State.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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It is related to nationalism between the different groups in Palestine, namely being the Jewish and Arabs, and was started due to the Israeli Declaration of Independence, so it is linked to the nationalism felt in Palestine. It still has a plethora of resounding problems due to the continued conflict between the groups over the territory in Palestine.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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strong or weak? Has it led to changes and/or continued problems?

It was strong because of religious disagreements and lead to other conflicts and disagreements. There were continued problems and lead to the Persian Gulf War. Overall weak connection b/c no emergence of a new country or outcome.

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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Relation to Independence & Nationalism Movement

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strong or weak? Has it led to changes and/or continued problems?

It has a strong relation to Independence and Nationalism Movement because they wanted to push out American/Western influences from Iran which lead to revolts lead Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by from the people of Iran