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This strike consisted of demands for an eight-hour day and improved working conditions

EO

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After a bombing at a labor demonstration

Began as a peaceful rally for eight-hour work days

The day after eight workers were killed by police

EO

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occurred at a steel plant in Homestead, PA

Began from a conflict between a labor union and the Carnegie Steel Company

Iron and steel workers struck the Carnegie Steel Company to protest a proposed wage cut

EO

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A worker asked Carnegie for a one dollar raise and the owner said no so they went on strike

Carnegie was scared for the safety of his mill so he put up “protection”

He ended up getting a whole new set of workers

EO

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Longest serving president of the American Federation of Labor

Tried to help workers by creating the union to do something about the working conditions. He was the most effective

Collective bargaining - “negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.“

EO

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Was meant was to filter skilled workers into national unions with others of the same trade

EO

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One of the first unions created

Grew rapidly but collapsed just as quickly

Began as a secret organization to protect members from employer retaliations

EO

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- Unions: Since working conditions were so bad at the time, the workers revolted and to fight for safer conditions, better hours, and a higher wage by creating a union.

The government did not care about the worker's safety or how they were treated in the workplace

If an employee missed work or complained, they would be fired

EO

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Interesting facts about the working conditions in the Industrial Revolution:

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Interesting facts about the working conditions in the Industrial Revolution:

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In 1860, a poorly constructed five-story mill that was packed with heavy machinery collapsed and killed about 145 workers in Massachusetts.

The factories were freezing cold in the winter and very hot in the summer

The Factory Act of 1819 (in Britain) was one of the first labor laws passed and made it illegal to children under the age of 9 to work at factories. Unfortunately, this law was rarely enforced.

EO

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Working conditions in the factories/sweatshops

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Working conditions in the factories/sweatshops

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Were very poor and dangerous for the workers

Were no government regulations at the time to protect workers

Many were dangerously working with powerful machines with no safety precautions

Could easily lose a finger or limb

For those working in mines, at any second could the tunnel collapse

Many worked 12 hours a day for 6 days

Factories and mines were full of dust, making it hard to breathe and also damaged the lungs to cause cancer

EO

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CONS:

No competition so they could raise prices as much as they wanted

Restricts people to one companies products

EO

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PROS:

Creates a monopoly

Similar to the pros of vertical integration, eventually people will not be able to afford it because of the high prices

EO

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CONS:

Owner could raise prices as much they want because they are the only one in the industry and control the whole “process”

EO

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- Horizontal integration means to control one whole level of manufacturing
- No competition
- John D. Rockefeller wanted to own all of the oil industry
EO

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PROS:

People eventually won't be able to afford it

Made supplies more reliable for owners and process was more efficient

EO

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- Vertical integration means to own every step of the manufacturing
- Andrew Carnegie
owned and organized all phases of the manufacturing process, starting with mining the materials
EO

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Rockefeller was a robber baron because of his unethical practices. One of which being greedy pricing and conspiring with railroads to defeat his competitors, in order to achieve a monopoly in the oil industry.
CP

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An example of the government's attempts of putting a stop to protesters was towards the Luddites. These were British workers who objected to the increased use of automated looms and knitting frames. As their protests began to advance, fearing a nationwide action, the government placed numerous soldiers to maintain factories. Parliament even soon enacted a proposition to make machine-breaking an offense, which was a way of their protesting. This in all was a way to stop their ways of protesting.
CP

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Since children were so small they could fit into small places in factories and coal mines, so they utilized this aspect. Child laborers worked to help their families.
CP

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Child labor reached a high through the industrial revolution; Children frequently worked long-drawn hours in hazardous factory conditions for minimal money. Children were used to an excess during this time for work, because of their size.
CP

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This belief stated that Americans were born into their social classes and could not move up because of natural laws. This idea also supported capitalism, but it saw it as wealth was earned through the natural order of nature, not through work and dedication.
CP

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This was a book written by Andrew Carnegie; in which he presented the case that if one works hard enough, anyone could become rich because of it. He knew that success would not be guaranteed, but if one was intelligent and dedicated enough, it would be achieved. These beliefs were formed because of his humble beginning of starting poor and making his way to become rich.
CP

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Both Social Darwinism, and the Gospel of Wealth held the belief that supported industrial capitalism, but what made them different from one another was their reasonings.
CP

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Cons:
- They misused their workers
- They were cold and greedy towards their workers and their competition
- Did not do anything to attend to the poor
- Charged more for farmers to travel on the train than businesses
-  They caused unnoticed and small businesses to have difficulty obtaining recognition and power
CP

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Pros:
- The result of quicker production caused a financial advance
- They were a more productive business
- Funded libraries, hospital, and public parks
ex)) Andrew Carnegie funded for Carnegie Mellon (College), and Carnegie Hall (Concert Venue)
- Had a significant focus on the production and delivery of goods
--The good seen in Robber Barons made them also known as Captains of Industry --
CP