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FASES DEL ACV

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FUNCTIONS

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PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS

The main function of a life cycle analysis is to provide information that helps to identify opportunities for improvement, in order to compare them with the associated risks and finally make the necessary decisions to improve environmental performance.

The (ACV) allows to compare between processes of the same product or between products of different materials, so that this information has direct application in the design and development of products, the continuous improvement of processes and strategic planning, green marketing , as well as in the development of public policies.

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The LCA deals with the possible effects and environmental impacts (for example, the use of resources and the results of emissions and discharges) over the life cycle of a product from the acquisition of the raw material, Up to production Utilization and final treatment. , recycling, until its final disposal (that is, from the cradle to the grave).

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There are four phases in an ACV study:

The definition phase of the objective and the scope,

The inventory analysis phase,

The environmental impact assessment phase, and

The interpretation phase.

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Types of ACV study

There are different types of stroke depending on the focus and the application that will be given. Next, different classifications are described in a schematic way

• Descriptive: for informational purposes only (eg: for marketing, design of a new product, etc.).

• Comparative: comparison
between products or with a standard between the old and new versions, to achieve an eco-label or simply to improve the product.

• Prediction: to help in the decision of a change of raw materials or sources of supply, to support the definition of new product strategies, etc.

• Attributional: describes the environmental behavior of a product throughout its life cycle.

• Consequential: describes the effects that can cause changes in the life cycle of the product.

• ACV "from cradle to grave": includes all stages of the life cycle of the product, from the extraction of raw materials to the management of end-of-life waste.

• ACV "from cradle to gate": includes only the stages of extraction, processing and transport of raw materials and manufacture of the product (up to the factory door).

• ACV "from gate to gate": includes only the stages of production.

https://repositori.udl.cat/bitstream/handle/10459.1/60254/ealegrec.pdf?sequence=1

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Yuli Tovar                                        What are the environmental impacts that can be considered in an LCA?

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Yuli Tovar                                        What are the environmental impacts that can be considered in an LCA?

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These are some examples of Categories of Environmental Impacts associated with the Life Cycle of products and services: Impacts on renewable resourcesImpacts on non-renewable resourcesGlobal warming potential (carbon footprint)Potential for deterioration of the ozone layerAcidification potentialPotential for photochemical creation of ozoneUse of energyUse of waterToxicity (human, terrestrial, aquatic)

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Yuli Tovar                    General objectives of the LCA 

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Yuli Tovar                    General objectives of the LCA 

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Obtaining key and specific information associated with the production of goods.

Identification of the critical points in the productive processes.

Optimization of the system in the short term and reduction of the environmental impact.

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Reference Framework of a Life Cycle Analysis.

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Yuli Tovar                        What is a life cycle analysis? 

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Yuli Tovar                        What is a life cycle analysis? 

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By definition, the life cycle analysis (LCA) is the collection and evaluation of inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of a product system through its life cycle. The standards that allow the certification of the study are ISO 14040 and ISO 14044

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Yuli Tovar                        What activities does the ACV involve?   

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Yuli Tovar                        What activities does the ACV involve?   

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In an LCA, the potential impact of each process and productive stage is evaluated by carrying out the following activities: Compile an inventory of the most important inputs and outputs of a product's system, Evaluate the potential environmental impact associated with these inputs and outputs, Interpret the results of the inventory analysis and the stages evaluated in accordance with the objectives of the study

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Yuli Tovar            Advantages and benefits of the ACV      

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Yuli Tovar            Advantages and benefits of the ACV      

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Development and improvement of products.

Strategic planning: optimization of processes and reduction of risks associated with competitiveness with similar products.

Marketing and advertising: improves the image of the brand.

Access to international markets and compliance with current environmental regulations (Ley Grenelle 2) and future ones.

Positioning before the Retail Sector (TESCO, Metro Group, M & S, Wal-Mart, Pepsico, etc.).

Admission to differential market niches: possibility of expanding the market.

Selection of specific environmental performance indicators for each product.

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Yuli Tovar                        What are the environmental impacts that can be considered in an LCA? 

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Yuli Tovar                        What are the environmental impacts that can be considered in an LCA? 

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These are some examples of Categories of Environmental Impacts associated with the Life Cycle of products and services:
- Impacts on renewable resources

- Impacts on non-renewable resources

- Global warming potential (carbon footprint)

- Potential for deterioration of the ozone layer

- Acidification potential

-Potential for photochemical creation of ozone

- Use of energy

- Use of water

- Toxicity (human, terrestrial, aquatic)

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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

There are a series of rules that are directly applicable to the ACV methodology. These norms, of international scope, are:

- ISO 14040: 2006. Environmental management. Analysis of the life cycle. Principles and frame of reference.

- ISO 14044: 2006. Environmental management. Analysis of the life cycle. Requirements and guidelines.

- These standards, in turn, annulled and replaced ISO 14040: 1998, ISO 14041: 1999, ISO 14042: 2001 and ISO 14043: 2001

The UNE-EN ISO 14040 standard defines life cycle analysis as a technique that allows the quantitative collection and evaluation of environmental aspects and the potential impacts associated with a specific product. Therefore, the main objective of these two standards is to standardize this process, defining exhaustively the phases to follow to develop the methodology.