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Steve Jobs

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Mandela
Story : his spirit to the freedom
Being a politic leader
The model is to connect relationship with others, self , environment, family , spirit and transcendence

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Part 1
-Nick Vujicic

-There are many different definitions of resilience and we are going to compare them
1. Resilience means positive adaptation or it is a type of ability which can maintain mental health when people are experiencing difficulties.
2. Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or even significant sources of stress.
3. Resilience is a system that can prevent or minimize the unfavourable consequences and recover consequences fast.
4. Resilience us a dynamic process of keeping positive adaptation in the face of adversity.

Importance of resilience:
- children’s development (support with data)

-Nick was born with phocamelia, with only a tiny little foot but he can overcome obstacles and become a motivational speaker. Also, he has getting married and becoming a father.
disruptions or reacting to life events.

-When Nick was a child, he was bullied and ridiculed, but he was determined to love himself, not be influenced by others, and do what he wanted to do.

-https://youtu.be/6P2nPI6CTlc
-Nick was struggled with depression in his childhood but he understand what he wants and became hopeful. He try to live for a  wonderful and inspirational life.
-Nick could overcome his obstacles because of his resilience.

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The Resiliency Model

•      A resiliency model was developed by Glenn Richardson in 2002. The model shows the process of resilience.

•      Starting from biopsychospiritual homeostasis, a comfort zone. People have adapted to their situation physically, mentally, and spiritually, whether good or bad.

•      Disruption occurs which taking people out of homeostasis. It may be a trauma, adversity, or a perceived stressor.

•      Then, people reintegrate to restore to biopsychospiritual homeostasis. The protective factors are helped. The more protective factors people have, the more likely they are to become more resilient. It is classified on the levels of individual, family, and community. (Fleming and Ledogar, 2008; Olsson et al., 2003)

For example,

1.     Individuals: Constitutional resilience, Sociability, Intelligence, Communication skills, Personal attributes.

2.     Family: Supportive families, Socioeconomic status.

3.     Community: School experiences, Supportive communities.

•      There are four possible outcomes after reintegration: Resilient reintegration, Reintegration back to homeostasis, Reintegration with loss and Dysfunctional Reintegration.

What makes people resilient?

•      Through resilience reintegration

•      Resilient Qualities

What are the components of the model?

Richardson’s Resilience Model

Richardson proposed "Resilience and the Meta-Theory of Resilience"

3 distinct waves of resilience surveys:

1) the characteristics of people who can effectively cope with and grow in disturbances are identified

2) the process by which people acquire these characteristics is studied

3) a recognition of innate resilience and our ability to grow and develop

the concept of bio-spiritual balance

è enables us (body, mind, and spirit) to adapt to the current living environment

è bombarded with stressors, adverse events, and other expected and unexpected life events or "life cues."

è Our ability to adapt & respond to such life events is affected by resilient qualities and reintegration of previous resilience

è everyday stressors & protective factors -> affect individuals (long term)

è vital cues & protective factors -> disruption occurs

è The elastic quality -> efficient processing of life cues and maintenance of homeostasis

è A life interruption changes the personal integrity of the world paradigm

è Perceived negative / positive outcomes & various emotional & evaluative responses (interruption)

The reintegration process leads to 4 outcomes:

(1) resilient reintegration (adaptation leads to higher levels of homeostasis)

(2) reintegration back to homeostasis (overcome disruption)

(3) reintegration with loss (establishes lower levels of homeostasis Levels of homeostasis)

(4) dysfunctional reintegration (maladaptive strategies are used in response to stressors)

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the model?

Strengths:

Through constant coping and recovery, resilient learners can have strengths:

1) experience growth

2) knowledge

3) self-understanding

4) enhanced resilience qualities

Weaknesses:

When too much resilience:

1) Resilient people could persist too long with unattainable goals

- wastes a lot of time & energy sticking to unrealistic goals

- even be unrealistic and likely unattainable

2) Too much resilience could make people overly tolerant of adversity

People accept difficult situations > necessary

-> using their resilience as an excuse

3) Too much resilience can limit leadership effectiveness

unnaturally positively to difficult and stressful situations -> builds a rigid shield of denial -> difficult to lead / be led

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3 key elements of spirituality proposed by S.Y Lau (2006):
①Connectedness with others
horizontal relationships: with oneself, others, and nature;
vertical relationship: involves a transcendental relationship with a higher being

②Brief and value (?
to guide our behavior, answer spiritual questions such as life and death

③Meaning of life（？
in search of the ultimate goals of life, with which we can get through any hard period

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-Self-leadership can be applied in our daily life in three aspects: money, health, and interpersonal relationship. For the monetary aspect, with self-management and using behavioral-focused strategies, we set our own goals. "25% saving principle" is one of the examples. It is meant that we should save 25% of our monthly income on our savings accounts. In this way, we are able to avoid being a paycheck. For our health, we can use constructive thought patterns strategies. We firstly imagine that we will have a good performance like winning a running competition in the future. We need to tell ourselves that we must be able to succeed. After having the belief, we will have the motivation to exercise regularly. For interpersonal relationships, we can use natural reward strategies. By having self-control,we are able to manage our emotions well. With well-managed emotion, the atmosphere brought from you is able to attract people to be friends with you.Besides, when we have a deep understanding of our own emotions and feelings, we could have empathy. By showing our understanding to them, we would have a connection with them. After having good social skills, we are able to gain the happiness from the relationships.

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-self-understanding and self-growth
Musk’s innate sense of curiosity stems largely from the unusual amount of independence he experienced as a child.  Lack of parental supervision enabled him to  to create his own homemade explosives and rockets(self-goal).

-self management
Elon Musk learned not to be afraid of hard work. As a teenager, the self-denoted low point of Musk’s manual labor career involved donning a hazmat suit to clean boilers at a lumber mill by shoveling steaming goop
from the inside of a tunnel. Even though Musk no longer performs menial labor, his work ethic remains second to none. Today, Musk’s 100-hour-work weeks lie at the
core of his success(self-control).

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Discuss two ways by which team building can be practised/applied in real life or one’s career

What practical ways can classmates employ/ apply in your current status as university students or your future professions/ careers?

In real life, there are many situations we cannot face alone. For example, we cannot play a football match with only one player. Good team building can make a meaningless thing meaningful.

During our university life, we need to complete many group projects. We need to form teams with different people with complementary skills to facilitate the working process. In an ideal case, most group members have different skills, all of them can do the parts they are good at individually or with different very small groups without any argument. It happens most when we can choose our teammates. However, the groupmate will be assigned by the professor under some circumstances. At this moment, the four approaches about team building, goal setting, role clarification, problem-solving and interpersonal relationships (Salas & Driskell,1999), is showing their true power. First, we need to set a clear goal, especially regarding the time limit. For example, finish some parts in a limited time. Unlike just following the deadline given, everyone can know how many jobs they need to do in this short period to finish the assignment with this goal setting. The purpose of this action is to let all members know their common goal, knowing the bonding between each other. This is a good ice-breaking action to prevent the uncooperating due to strangeness. Then is the role clarification. The completing of a group project assignment usually requires integrated skills, such as video editing, good pronouncing, fluent speaking etc.… Owing to the different elective subjects in secondary school, or the extra-curricular activities, some of the members may perform better in different aspects. At this moment, the division of labour according to members’ abilities is very important. It can lower the workload of the project and save a lot of time. After that is problem-solving. When a problem is formed, different members may have different points of view about how to solve it. Now, listening to and respecting each other’s ideas is the best way to create a more comprehensive idea since the solution produced by different people may have some blind spots due to the environment, they grew up in. A solution formed by different members can cover each other’s blind spots. Finally, is the interpersonal relationship. What we need to do currently is very similar to that in problem-solving, maintaining open communication. So that the members can build trust between each other. This is the main method to turn ‘strangers’ into members. Without open communication, just keep arguing against each other can never make the relationship more intimate.

Reference

Salas & Driskell (1999). The Effect of Team Building on Performance: An Integration

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239924651_The_Effect_of_Team_Building_on_Performance_An_Integration

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University
Seeking solution from friends

| Steps | Examples
| Step1) Discover a trustworthy and supportive brotherhood | Mature friends (Protective Factors)
| Step2) Tell your friends your problem | Stress due to assignment (Stressors)
| Step3) explain to them, why do you feel stressful | Deadline coming and don’t know how to start to do (Disruption)
| Step4) evaluate the level of stress | Cry
| Step5) Seek for advice and support  | “What can I do?” (Reintegration)
| Step6) Memorize the solution | Typing main point of their advice
| Step7) Do it out  | Even though not confident, try the solution (Resilient Reintegration)
| Step8) Evaluation  | Super stress -> mid-level

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Discuss two ways by which the attribute/quality can be practiced/applied in real life or one’s career.

From Nick’s story, we know the importance of the resilience quality. The resilience quality can be separated into two main types which are internal resilient qualities and external resilient qualities. In Nick’s story, there is nearly none of external resilient qualities unfortunately. Luckily, with the support of family environment, Nick finally grew with a hopeful and grateful heart. These qualities help him be a well-known writer in the world. In fact, we are going to face a lot of difficulties in the future career. Maybe the problem is as serious as Nick faced, but he across the issue. As a result, everyone can across it with resilient qualities. Probably, supportive of family, and the positive environment is very important since family’s trust will give a lot of confidence. Also, positive relationship give support from neighborhood, friends and working environment. These all provide enough motivation to combat with the difficulty. At the same time, internal qualities help a lot too. We have to be easy temperament to ease the stress as too much stress is harmful to our mental and physical health. Meanwhile, gratitude and hope are important as well. It is recommended to feel grateful to all the things we already have and continuously have the hope that the issue facing can be combated soon later. Both internal and external resilient qualities are important that they give us confidence, support, and hope to face the difficulty.

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- Musk is the wealthiest person in the world.
- He is the founder of Tesla
- He has founded, invested and served in various companies including X.com, SpaceX, Tesla, SolarCity, OpenAI and Neuralink.

1. Self-understanding
- personality : Curious, wide range of interests, hardworking, seeks adventure, self-learning, positive, persistence
- Talents : Economic and physics
- Interests : technology, computer software, exploring the universe and create his own space shuttle
- Dreams : exploring the world

2. Self-leadership skills
2.1 Behavioral-focused strategies
Self-goal setting
Elon Musk thinks big and dreams big. He hoped he can do somethings which benefit to the world. Therefore, there are three important area that he wanted to evolve, including internet, renewable energy as well as space. Besides setting specific goals, he also worked toward for his goals seriously. For example: X.com ( build up a one-step financial service, people can shop online more safely by using email), SolarCity & Tesla ( Elminate the relying on fossil energy and turn to sustainable energy to solve a major problem for the earth), SpaceX (immgrate human begins on Mars to live and extend life beyond the earth)

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Effective communication is the ability to convey information effectively and efficiently.

Steve Jobs only focus on one idea at a time and make his presentation preservative through storytelling. He never convey his message by putting too many words on the ppt. Instead, he always let the picture to reinforce the idea in the audience’s mind. He is not condescending and always puts himself in the same position as the audience so that they can clearly understand his speech. He walked freely and create a relaxing environment for the audience to listen and understand him.

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Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Developer of the Sequence:  American psychologist Alan Monroe

Time of the Sequence developed: the mid-1930

Aim of Sequence & how it help with our understanding of effective communication: to inspire or persuade the audience to take action

A five-step speech outline

Get Attention

Establish the Need

Satisfy the Need

Visualize the Future

Action/Actualization

Strength:

Monroe's motivated sequence aids speakers in efficiently communicating their point to the audience. It urges speakers to inspire their listeners to respond positively to their message.

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Some of Steve Jobs’s communication methods are matched the model we listed above.

1. Get attention: 1)his presentation preservative through storytelling. 2) Use picture to rienforce the idea instead of too many words.

2. Establish/satisfy the need: focus on one story or point.

3. Action: 1)he always put himself as the same position as the audiences. 2) he walk freely and form a relax environment to create a better communication atmosphere.

For those tips that Steve Jobs used, he achieved the standard of effective communication, which is effective and efficient conveying information.

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Nelson Mandela is the first black president of South Africa.

In his early life, he tried to fight for democracy and fairness in South Africa without violence . Which made him the target of the authorities. He was imprisoned in 1964.

In 1990, South Africa government under president De Klerk released Mandela. He became the first elected president of South Africa in 1994.

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Part3
For connectivity , Mandela show his kindness to others. He forgive the white people who hurt him before. He also employed them. This shows that Mandela forgive them with the generous heart.

For believes and value, he believed that we all deserves freedom for all human kind. Since he was young , he was fighting for freedom. This show that his faith never went down.

For meaning of life, he think that all man should be equal. Not only he forgive the political enemies, but he also create common identity for citizens, in South Africa .

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We choose four stories of the leader MAO Zedong related to the four stages in the model. Due to the endless organization and factual situation, we don’t choose the fifth story for the fifth stage in the model. Besides, the four stories is focused on the time from the Communist Party of China set up to the national day so that this can greatly reflected a constant team building progress and what effects team building of MAO could bring about. The four stories are Establishment of the Communist Party of China, the defeat of the first revolution, the Zunyi Conference and the Luochuan Conference. And we would like to introduce the stories briefly and we would apply the story to the Bruce Tuckman’s theory and analyze how the story of MAO Zedong conforms to the Bruce Tuckman’s theory in many aspects.

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Tuckman Team Development model

Tuckman’s model is about the process of team development. This is Bruce Tuckman’s theory. This model helps us understanding the flow that how a team develop from the beginning to the end.

There are 5 stages of development, forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning.

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
Forming | Storming | Norming | Performing | Adjourning
Group with people new meet | Quarrel exists in the team | Settle the conflicts | Members support the team to makes productive results | Self-reflection. Recognise members effort.

The strength of the model is enhancing productivity of teamwork. The weakness is that the team cannot succeed any work if they skip any steps, especially the norming process to satisfy members’ feelings.

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Part 4 Discuss two ways by which team building can be practised/applied in real life or one’s career

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Part 4 Discuss two ways by which team building can be practised/applied in real life or one’s career

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Mandela led the people with empathy, he felt the plight his people were in. He saw the injustice they were being subjected to. He understood what they were going through. He led with empathy, which inspired him to take action against the evil apartheid government.

I would develop empathy by being curious about people that I don't know, put myself in someone's shoes and try to provide advice how can they improve themselves.

Empathy applies to all of us because it allows us to build social connections with others. By understanding what people are thinking and feeling, we are able to respond appropriately in social situations and also help us learn to regulate our own emotions.

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Part 4 Marco Mong Pak Yu

Being a famous activist in the world, Mandela's spirits are great for us to learn from. Resilience is one of the qualities that I admire most. He has been fighting the apartheid government and he knew that was a difficult goal to achieve. However, even after being imprisoned for 27 years for political reasons, he still prevails over the hardships. The spirit behind this may be the dream, even the mission, of a unified South Africa. Mandela was influenced by his parents since childhood, which made him develop a stubborn sense of fairness. This shows that having a firm belief may be a key to success and helps us to become more resilient. For me, I would cultivate my resilience by sticking to my original goals, which take the realization of my dream as a belief. For example, I have chosen to be a building engineer in the future.I would be more resilient when overcoming difficulties since I am pursuing my dream in my career pathway. And my belief behind this is to contribute to the industry by inheriting traditional techniques and new ideas with my knowledge. Resilience is also helpful to our daily life, because we may encounter some difficulties, such as things related to our family and friends and relationships.

So, all in all, I believe that Mandela's attribute of resilience is applicable for me and worth learning from.

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Discuss two ways by which the attribute/quality can be practiced/applied in real life or one’s career

“Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people”. This is one of the Jobs' famous words, and we can understand how vital collaboration is in business from this line. In truth, collaboration is essential in both personal and professional life. Good communication is one of the characteristics that encourage collaboration.

We typically have a lot of group activities, such as group reports or group discussions, in our present university status. Every connection is founded on communication, whether it's two strangers chatting to each other or students explaining their work to their classmates. Lack of effective communication may make it harder to form positive relationships among coworkers, thus excellent communication can help to keep such relationships going. He wanders freely during the presentation, just like Jobs, creating a casual setting that can assist establish a better communication climate and boost audience communication. Maintaining a comfortable attitude with the group may also contribute to improved collaboration in our group activities. It's crucial to maintain a humorous environment, but what's stated or presented is as important. He, like Jobs, seldom-used words on his presentations, preferring to let the visual speak for itself and support it with anecdotes. More graphics and fewer text make the report more compact and encourage people to keep reading. By adding a story to the picture, you may give it more significance and make the presentation more intriguing and engaging. It can be shown that excellent communication is critical for a team, whether in the classroom or at business.

Practice active listening and public speaking: Good listeners are always effective communicators. Active listening requires responding constructively to what others say and asking follow-up questions to show that you are paying attention.

Despite the fact that public speaking might be scary, there is no better way to improve your communication skills than to engage in public speaking activities. Great communicators can accurately portray their emotions whether speaking to a large audience or one-on-one. Regularly speaking in front of a group will show your strengths and weaknesses while also challenging you to improve your communication abilities.