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1122-256 BCE    Group 2: Jackelyn Trujillo

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1122-256 BCE    Group 2: Jackelyn Trujillo

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Quote: “Stint is usually translated as "forgo" -to perform an act of sacrifice against present consumption-but it's more accurate to understand it as an indelible part of present consumption. You can find such a decision in the Chow dynasty (1122-256 BCE), which engaged in early attempts at forest management, including the establishment of a Police of Forest Foothills. The empire stinted to maintain an energy source.”( Patel and Moore Page 162)

This quote shows three different scholarly sources one of them is a photograph of Teng Jan-dah who was the Chief of the Political Bureau of Hankow Government, and another is an article “Trade-Offs and Synergies between Carbon Storage and Livelihood Benefits from Forest Commons” created by Ashwini Chhatre and Arun Agrawal. The last source is the book The Common Fields Past & Present by Joan Thirsk. All of them are connected containing information about the forest. The primary source would be during 1122-256 BCE.

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Group 3

P.67 describes the origin of currency and money usage dating back to Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent in 1788 BCE.

The source listed is titled Ibid., 16
We determined that this source is a scholarly source because it is commenting or speculating about a historical event as opposed to it being the source of historical observation, fact, etc.

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1215 Group 2 Diana Castillo:The Charter of the Forest 

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1215 Group 2 Diana Castillo:The Charter of the Forest 

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Quote: “England’s King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta it’s significant that he was also compelled to sign a second document at the same time: the Charter of the Forest. “The Charter of the Forest was about “economic survival”: securing for peasants something called estovers, a broad category of subsistence wood products. The Forest Charter was an assurance of English commoners’ access to fuel, food, and building materials” (163).

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King John of England had to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 he also signed a second document: Charter of the Forest "Where the Magna Carta turns on legal and political rights, the Charter of the Forest was about "economic survival": securing for peasants something called esters, a broad category of subsistence wood products. The Forest Charter was an assurance of English commoners' access to fuel, food, and building materials". (p. 163)

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The black death sparked a fiscal crisis. Due to black death not as many people were able to mine so there was a shortage in money(Patel 70).
Primary source, Day 1978,12.
No scholarly source
Group 4

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1400: the Peat - Coal to Crisis pipeline (Brandon Sanchez, Group 3) 

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1400: the Peat - Coal to Crisis pipeline (Brandon Sanchez, Group 3) 

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1400’s: Poor agricultural practices lead back to taxes on cultivation, who knew?

“Soggy soils didn’t make for fertile land. We know this because taxes on grain cultivation plummeted by 1400 as an agroecological crisis deepened” (Patel and Moore, Page. 167).

In this paragraph on Page. 167, we are introduced to peat. A source of “Cheap Energy”, according to Patel and Moore. In the 15th century, the Royal Dutch company was making a large profit from their exploits of peat, which could be turned into coal, a source of fuel. After ravaging the peat from the land, they found themselves in an agricultural crisis as they could no longer use the land and instead created an environment that was unstable and brought natural disasters such as flooding to its people in northern and central Europe.

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Silver shortage began to ease. European mining produced more than 2.5 tons of silver. 1458 eight mines made more than 12.5 tons a year (Patel 73).
Scholarly source Nef 1941.
Group 4

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EXAMPLE:  1480 (old example, not for April 5)

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EXAMPLE:  1480 (old example, not for April 5)

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EXAMPLE GROUP DR V
Francisco Pinelo of Genoa begins lending money to King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain because they ran out of money trying to colonize the Canary Islands in 1478 (pg 65)

Scholarly source cited is Kicza 1992.  (I followed footnote 5 at the end of the sentence to the 5th footnote listed in the "Notes to pages 61-69" at the back of the book)

No primary source is cited, but a primary source would have to be one created in 1480 by a Spanish or Genoese writer (primary sources are created in the time and place of the event)

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1483 creditors had to be satisfied. The Genoese became the slave brokers and and the only "booty worth anything was captives". (pg. 65)

The scholarly source cited was Helen Nader 2002. I followed footnote 6 at the end of the sentence.

No primary source was cited. They would have to be from 1483.

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Group 2: Maria Flores
Event: "Peasants' Revolt of Germany demanding the restoration of customary forest rights (Patel and Moore, 163).
Regarding Patel and Moores's definition of cheap energy, it demonstrates how people have been fighting over materials that could be essential for their survival. Since it is often forgotten that before coal, wood was the primary tool for energy, it leaves many poor people without jobs seeing as how factories are now taking over those positions.

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1574: Peasants denounced the forest enclosures (page 74). They revolted against the changes that they would not be benefitting from such as the competitive rent with powerful people doing "land grabs" while they moved lower and lower in the social heirachy because they would not be able to afford it.

The scholarly source cited was Marx 2000. I followed the footnote 37.

The primary source cited was Münzer 1574.

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"Between Columbus's arrival and around 1650, disease and colonial violence reduced Indigenous populations in the Americas by 95 percent" (Patel & Moore 162).

The events that had taken place almost completely wiped out the Indigenous population. The horrible acts done by colonial violence and the diseases was a nightmare. The forest was able to restore itself but so many lives for were sacrificed.

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Event: Indigenous holocaust contributing to the Little Ice Age’s severity (p.162)

Since Christopher Columbus’s arrival to the New World, the Indigenous population had been declining because of colonial and disease violence (genocide). Due to the reduction of the Indigenous population and no one to cut/burn them down, the forests had fully recovered and the New World had become a “planetary carbon sink.” Too much carbon dioxide would cause the Little Ice Age’s severity, cooling the Earth down and resulting in agricultural production problems. This event describes how cheap work and food need to function to have cheap energy.

Chapter 6: Cheap Energy
(Room 2: pages 161-165)

By: Stephanie Monroy

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Group 3: Emily Clarke
Event: Coal burning is legalized year round in Amsterdam despite the ban that occurred in 1614 due to over burning of coal by the Sugar Refineries. Amsterdam had no choice but to legalize it again as the number of refineries increased in the country and Coal was cheaper than Peat (Patel and Moore 170).
This has to do with Patel and Moore's definition of "Cheap Energy" as it showed how Amsterdam went back and changed a law that prevented over pollution from coal in order to save money on the costs of burning a source of energy that was much cleaner, peat. Amsterdam disregarded the cost the air quality faces when they got rid of the ban on coal.

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“From the mid-sixteenth century, windmills of every kind punctuated the Dutch landscape… there were six hundred industrial windmills by the 1730’s, on every hundred meters” (Patel & Moore 169)

These in combination with other cheap energy sources are what fueled the Dutch economy and allowed them to have a favorable advantage compared to other nations.

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"When Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel and Iron Company squeezed their wages, coal miners organized. Their strike, from spring 1913 to winter 1914, remains a signal moment in US labor history" (Patel & Moore p.175).

This shows how companies would try anything to get their money back from employees. When employees band together to fight for what is right they can make changes. They share how coal and iron companies would buy areas near by so their employees would have to rent from them and pay for other things, so the company would earn their money back. It also shares in the previous sentence that this was a way to have owner ship over the employees.- Sam M.

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"Look instead at how the extraction of those resources built a working class that was able to resist its exploitation and whose demands for equality could be met through the energy its labor made profitable" (Patel & Moore 175).
I took this quote to be interesting because I think this is around the time we saw a sort of revolt from the workers rather than just accepting slave terms of work. The workers were made happy through an equality level of labor and pay meanwhile the top owners were making a lot of more money through energy. - Carlos Chavez

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Group 5: Lucia Zuniga Flores

Event:  Energy/Oil Crisis

Quote: "Only in the 1970s did the Soviet Union and then Saudi Arabia displace America as the world’s leading oil producer. 78 Global oil production grew prodigiously after World War II, outstripping the era’s extraordinary economic growth by almost 60 percent 79 (Patel and Moore 176)."

Explanation: This quote demonstrates the significance of getting oil from outside countries versus domestically producing it. It is cheaper and intertwines with cheapening care and work, enabling capitalism to have control over another "commodity" besides food. Thus, the spike in oil prices was due to costs of having to produce that oil within its own country which is more expensive to produce and equals higher prices for the people.

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Group:5 Anthony A.

"When the United States abandoned the Gold standard in August 1971, international capital sought refuge from this "Nixon's shock" in commodity purchases. At the same time, the Soviet union following poor harvests traded its oil for wheat, driving up the price of bread" (Patel and Moore 176).

"Nixons Shock" was President Nixon's attempt to address the rapid inflation the country was experiencing. He isnsituted a rationing program in order to preserve american oil and keep it at a low price. This relates to cheap energy because it exemplifies the countries dependence on fossil fuels that are not cheap and are harmful to the enviroment, when there are several other green alternatives. However, Patel and Moore point out that these green alternatives are not likely to happen any time soon since the government would have to pay trillions of dollars out of pocket.

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Group 3

"As Anwar Shaikh explains, the neoliberal “boom”—such as it was—that began in the 1980s was “spurred by a sharp drop in interest rates. . . . Falling interest rates also lubricated the spread of capital across the globe, promoted a huge rise in consumer debt, and fueled international bubbles in finance and real estate""
(Patel and Moore, Pg. 70)

An attempt to reduce inflation but without any thought to how it would affect the future.

Scholarly Source (Shaik, 2011, 45.)

No primary source

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Group 2- Crystal R.
In 2009 it was calculated that the American Petroleum Industry supports over 5% of the country's employment and is valued at more than "US $1 trillion, representing 7.7% of US GDP." (Patel and Moore, 173)

The scholarly source cited is World Economic Forum 2013. (I followed footnote 19 at the end of the section to the 19th footnote listed in the notes for Chapter Cheap Energy)

No primary source is cited, a primary source would have to be created in the late 2010s.

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(Penelope M., Group 5)
In 2016 the International Energy Agency announced that there's more potential for renewable energy than there could be from coal/fossil energy. As positive as this sounds, Patel and Moore note how "cheap energy" is still "catastrophic"; for example they note how damming rivers for energy is extremely harmful to the local ecology as it leads to the extinction of local wildlife as well as the "dispossession" of indigenous populations.

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In your groups, identify one or two events in your assigned page range (listed on a nearby blue tile).  Using the white plus sign on the timeline, add the event and its specific date to the timeline at the appropriate place.

Then: as best you can, identify two things in your tile:
1) identify what kind of primary source information would be relevant to that event.  If no primary source is present, then note down what time and place a potential primary source would be from or who might have written one.  If a primary source is cited, identify what you can about that source from the text (author, title, year created).  You can follow footnotes to the Notes at the end of the book.
2) identify the scholarly source Patel and Moore are citing to provide relevant contextual information.  You will need to follow the footnote to the Notes at the end of the book to identify the source to complete this part.

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Hello gang!
In lieu of regular class today (April 5), I'd like each of you to make a brief individual post on this timeline.

Check out the page range listed for your group in the nearby purple tile.  In your post, identify one specific event in your group's assigned page range.  Using the white plus sign on the timeline, add the event and its specific date to the timeline at the appropriate place.  You can always click and drag your tile to the appropriate place on the timeline if that's easier.

Once you've identified the event and its year, make a brief (1-2 sentence) summary or paraphrase of what happened and what it has to do with Patel and Moore's definition of "cheap energy" in this chapter.   Not only is this good for discussing the text, but it's good practice with paraphrase/summary skills, which we talked about in class during Week 8.

When we gather on Thursday, we'll spend the first hour of class discussing this chapter before moving into our project work.

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Room 2: pages 161-165
Room 3: pages 166-top of 172
Room 4: pages bottom of 172-top of 176
Room 5: pages bottom of 176-179