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ToR for 1 agricultural expert for designing interventions (seed provision, agro-practice including more efficient on-farm irrigation, water management via janitor, coordination with MoA (linking to NAS)).

Objective: To support farmers for reduction of input cost, resilience to extreme weather and crop disease and more efficient water management.

Task1: Design of training program and information sharing for good agricultural practice
Identify and design the training for good agricultural practices for the reduction of input cost (mainly fertilizer and pesticides), resilience to extreme weather and crop disease, on-farm water management

Design of rapid assessment in coordination with UNDP's engineers, monitoring officers and Information Management (IM) officer.

Undertake rapid assessment of current agricultural practices including on-farm irrigation adopted by farmers and identification of training opportunities for the reduction of input cost, improved preparedness for extreme weather and crop disease as well as more efficient water use.

Identification of on-going similar projects/initiatives by MoA, LARI, ICARDA and/or other institutions/companies and coordination effort with them if it is more effective and efficient.

Prepare ToR of the training program to be undertaken by the contractor(s) and respective expert

Task2: Design of Seed provision activity:
Assess and design the seeds provision activity in targeted municipalities (around 53 villages in 251)

Seeds should be 1) more resilient to extreme weather/crop disease as well as climate change (adaptation angle) and 2) locally available and/or domestic species, and 3) reusable from its production (Task 2)

Types of seeds should be selected by taking into account the needs and current agricultural practice of each targeted municipality or region.

Cost estimation and identification of suppliers

Task3: In-depth assessment of canal irrigation water management at municipality-level
Understand how canal irrigation water is managed and operated at municipality level. This should also includes the human resource  (e.g., water janitor) and their knowledge and available tools (water scheduling, fee collection, soil monitoring, weather forecast etc).

Survey design in coordination with UNDP's engineers and monitoring officers

Site survey of current canal irrigation water management including the change of water-use after the rehabilitation of canal by UNDP's project

Identification of tools/information platform and on-going projects/initiatives for improved canal irrigation water management at municipality-level

Recommendations for more efficient and effective canal water management (including the use of IoT and other innovative technologies).

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- Seeds provision -> needs to assess what type of crops the farmers needs (cost estimation to cover the all the municiplaties)
- How to get seeds from
- Adaptation/local varieties (extreme weather/floods)
- Good practice (to link to NAS) to reduce the cost of input
- Coordination with MoA and LARI and ICARDA
- Assessment of on-farm irrigation practice.
- Canal/irrigation water janitor for better manage (water)

- 1 Expert (Agricultural engineer / Irrigation engineer) - more depends on experiences
- short-lists from LDN

- SLMQ guidelines/rangeland to be environmental angles (Domnique) - indicator (land/soil management)

- Rapid assessment and generate a few ideas on interventions.

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Lebanon showing some of the highest per hectare use of fertilizers (331 Kg/ha) and pesticides (7 Kg/ha) in the world.34

Programme 2.2: Support the adoption of good agricultural practices and good livestock management. Priority interventions include: Implement a nationwide program for the adoption of good agriculture practices, supporting and training farmers on the use of biological pest control (BPC) and integrated control with the aim of decreasing the use of chemicals and pesticides and mitigating pollution; improving livestock management practices including implementing national vaccination programs, and improving animal nutrition and health and veterinary services.

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1. When planting new kinds of crops, provide the farmers with information as irrigation water demand and the watering schedule as per the four seasons.
2. Provide same information for crops they already  plant since some farmers provide excess of water to their crops
3. Provide adequate information for the types of fertilizers and schedule of fertilizer installation.
4. Discuss with the farmers the different types of irrigation systems and why drip irrigation is the most effective (if we can provide them with new drip irrigation systems in places where they need repair)

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Many use drip irrigation, flood irrigation and sprinkler irrigaiton.

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How can we link them to water management?

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How can we link them to water management?

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- Lowering input cost:

- Measures for extreme weather and crop disease:
- some good irrigation technique for this purpose?

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From the survey in Qab Elias:
- Lowering input cost?
- Measures for extreme weather and crop disease?

  Through the help of an agricultural expert, we can introduce the farmers to new kinds of crops that they can grow in their land. And perhaps we can even provide them with the seeds of these new crops to encourage them more on this idea.

  Also with the help of an expert, we can make an awareness campaign, to up skill farmers on how they can save part of their crops and using it as seeds instead of purchasing new seeds every year, this way the cost of input will significantly decrease.

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Input (seeds, fertilizer, pesticides) and license fees accounts for significant cost of farmers.

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99% of Farmers depends on middleman

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They mainly follow their own knowledges/skills and water janitor. Also their water management does not seem to be driven by cost of water

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Main negative factors for crop production

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Main negative factors for crop production

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Crop disease and extreme weather are main concerns of farmers.