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"By Any Means Necessary"
*"Defensive" violence. By the end of his life Malcolm X truly believed that bullets would solve the problems that African Americans faced in their communities.

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26 FEB 1946 - 07 AUG 1952 Prison Sentence 

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26 FEB 1946 - 07 AUG 1952 Prison Sentence 

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*He spent almost seven years in (3) Massachusetts State prisons. This was the end but also the beginning for him. His cellblock mates gave him the name of "Satan", due to his pacing around and muttering  at God and the Bible.
*While in prison he educated himself, joined the Nation of Islam, and became a disciple of Elijah Muhammad.
* After leaving prison in 1952, he moved to Detroit, attended the local Nation of Islam mosque, where he then dropped his surname Little and became MALCOLM X

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Date Founded: 1930
Location: Chicago, Illinois
*Known for its teachings and its combining element of Black nationalist with traditional Islam ideas.
*This Nation promotes self help, racial unity, and a strict code of discipline.

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*Malcolm K. Little was born May 19th of 1925, in Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska. Malcolm X was one of many powerful leaders during the early 1960s for the African American community.
*Born and coming from a Baptist background he experienced racism early on. His father James Earl Little, was a Baptist preacher who continued to advocate the black nationalist. Despite death threats from the Ku Klux Klan, they moved to Lansing, Michigan. In 1931, Malcolm's father was later brutally murdered.
*In 1937, Malcolm was taken from his family by welfare caseworkers. Soon after that he dropped out of high school and moved to Boston to live with his sister. Shortly after that he moved to Harlem, New York, where he worked as a waiter.
*Over the years he found himself involved in a few different crimes. On his THIRD charge for burglary in the Boston areas, he was sentenced to prison.

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*Through 1964, he received death threats and had conflict with the Nation of Islam.
*He was assassinated in the Audubon Ballroom in New York City  on  February 21st, in 1965. He was shot (15) times . His resting place was at Ferncliff Cemetery

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*In the days of the Civil Rights movement, he emerged as the leader for black separatism.
*A philosopher who urged African Americans to cut social, political, and economic ties with the community.
* Later in 1964, he became an orthodox Muslim. El Haji Malik El-Shabazz was the Muslim name he inherited.
*Soon after, he distanced himself from the teachings and split from the Nation of Islam.

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http://accounts.smccd.edu/bellr/readerlearningtoread.htm

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*"Learning to read" Malcolm X, Wake Tech English 111 Reader page 330
*Publisher A&E Television Networks, Updated 21 Jan, 2021
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/malcolm-x
*Publisher Lawrence A. Mamiya, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-X

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Malcolm X speaks to reporters about the Black Nationalist Movement and the need to establish Black Rifle Clubs.

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1) Race Riots Break Out in Watts, California. Large parts of the city was burnt and 34 people died
2) 1965 Voting Rights Act. Guaranteeing blacks the right to vote.
3) Civil Rights march in Alabama
4) Australia joining the Vietnam War
5) Medicare. Lyndon B. Johnson announces his program to expand war on poverty

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*This story was by the one and only Malcolm X himself. A little background about this reading material is that it honestly just boils down to him finally deciding to educate himself. People had this perception that he went to college, but little do they know it was entirely off of his prison studies. Yes, he’s in prison throughout this story but this is the place where Malcolm Little becomes the Malcolm X that we all know today. I think everyone could learn, relate, or be inspired from this amazing story.