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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, set in motion events that would change the course of life in the U.S. and around the world. Below is a short list illustrating how much the world has and hasn’t changed since 9/11.

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Get the facts about 9/11. As the single largest loss of life from a foreign attack on American soil, 9/11 was a national disaster that you need to be informed a...

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Speakers at Elgin's remembrance of the events of 9/11 stressed the positives they saw in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks.

"It's hard to believe 16 years have passed since that fateful day," Tricia Dieringer of Elgin American Legion Post 57 said outside City Hall on Monday. "It's important to remember what happened and the resiliency our people, our nation has always shown."

The hurricane-related efforts underway in Texas and Florida provide further example that in times of trouble Americans reach out to help each other, Dieringer said.

Mayor Dave Kaptain said that we cannot deny that Sept. 11, 2001 was a dark day, but the bright side was the way people came together to lend a hand.

On Sept. 11, 2001 terrorists linked to radical extremist Muslim terror group al Qaeda launched coordinated attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. with another, thwarted attempt resulting in a plane crashing in a field in Pennsylvania. As a result, about 3,000 people died, nearly 6,000 were injured and the United States wound up engaged in long-running wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

People are inundated with news about the dark side, Kaptain said, and there should be more talk of the good, from what happened after 9/11 to the relief efforts happening now in Houston.

"After what happened on Sept. 11, I saw people change. People were willing to help each other. In my own neighborhood this summer, after a big storm, people were out helping each other clean up. That's what this country should be like."

Fire Chief Dave Schmidt told those gathered that when firefighters die, tradition is for members of other departments or fire houses to attend the funeral services. After Sept. 11, 2001, in New York City there was smaller firefighter attendance at memorials in part because there were 343 NYC fire department funerals and many first responders were busy at the World Trade Center site, sifting through debris looking for bodies.

Schmidt and eight other Elgin firefighters headed to New York for three days, where they visited fire stations in five boroughs, attended seven funeral services and saw the ruins of the World Trade Center.

The experience showed that people were determined to be defined by their resiliency, not their fear, Schmidt said, and he urged people to get involved and do things in their communities.

Police Chief Jeff Swoboda recalled the days and months after 9/11 showed how the country responds when people are in need.

"We all need to commit to identifying evil, intolerance and hate and to never sitting by quietly when people act to harm each other," Swoboda said.

During her remarks, guest speaker Lt. Governor Evelyn Sanguinetti also recalled how people came together to help each other.

Two stories from Sept. 11 that moved her were those of New York City Fire Department Chaplain Father Mychal Judge and Wheaton resident Todd Beamer.

Judge became one of the first officially recorded victims of the two planes colliding into the World Trade Center. He died at the World Trade Center while saying prayers for those involved in the rescue efforts and the injured. He was also giving last rites to those who already had perished. His actions showed the goodness of the American people, Sanguinetti said.

Beamer was one of the passengers onboard United Airlines Flight 93, which had been hijacked by terrorists. He and a group of other passengers prevented the plane from heading to Washington, D.C. by fighting with the terrorists. The flight crashed in a field near Shanksville, Penn.

Sanguinetti said the actions of Beamer and the others showed the importance of doing something beyond ourselves and of facing malice and hatred with courage. She told the audience to think about the goodness that makes us Americans.

Dieringer concluded the commemoration by suggesting those there hug their loved ones, say hello to strangers and help those in need.

Sandy Wyruchowski and Deb Engel of Elgin attended the ceremony out of respect for those who died that day, Wyruchowski said.

Of all the talk of helping each other, Engel said, "I think we need to hear more of that. Sometimes out of horrible things, some good can come."

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Elgin speakers focus on positive response that followed 9/11 attacks

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Speakers at Elgin's remembrance of the events of 9/11 stressed the positives they saw in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. "It's hard to believe 16 years have passed since that fateful day," Tricia Dieringer of Elgin American Legion Post 57 said outside City Hall on Monday.

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The terror attacks on September 11, 2001, were the deadliest attacks on US soil since the Pearl Harbor bombing that launched the US into World War II. The plane hijackings that struck the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a Pennsylvania field killed 2,977 people.

The attacks started at 8:46 a.m., with American Flight 11 hitting the World Trade Center's North Tower.

The attacks dramatically changed the US, and started the "War on Terror," which targeted the Al-Qaeda extremist group and its leader, Osama bin Laden.

Visit Business Insider's home page for more stories.

It's the 19th anniversary of September 11, 2001, the date of the deadliest attacks on US soil since the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in World War II.

Nearly 3,000 people died in the 9/11 attacks, which The New York Times called the " worst and most audacious terror attack in American history."

The nation is still working to move past the tragedy, and to effectively combat the techniques and ideology of terrorism that seeks to kill and maim as many people as possible.

These photos tell the story of what happened that morning, much of which was captured on live television to a shocked nation.

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The terror attacks on September 11, 2001, were the deadliest attacks on US soil since the Pearl Harbor bombing that launched the US into World War II. The plane hijackings that struck the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a Pennsylvania field killed 2,977 people.

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World Trade Center

On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City.

The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors.

As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767-United Airlines Flight 175-appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and sliced into the south tower near the 60th floor.

The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and onto the streets below. It immediately became clear that America was under attack.

Osama bin Laden

The hijackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by the al Qaeda terrorist organization of Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East.

Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the country in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation.

Where Did the 9/11 Planes Take Off From?

The 19 terrorists smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports-Logan International Airport in Boston, Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C. and Newark International Airport in New Jersey-and boarded four early-morning flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming ordinary passenger jets into guided missiles.

Pentagon Attack

As millions watched the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington, D.C., before crashing into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m.

Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to the structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building, which is the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense.

All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon, along with all 64 people aboard the airliner.

Twin Towers Collapse

Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke.

The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 miles per hour and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel.

At 10:30 a.m., the north building of the twin towers collapsed. Only 18 people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of the collapse survived. Most were with a group of FDNY firefighters in the North Tower's Stairwell B, which remained intact. One woman survived after the stairs she was rushing down disintegrated around her. Almost 10,000 others were treated for injuries, many severe.

Flight 93

Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane- United Flight 93-was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground.

Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection.

One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett, Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger-Todd Beamer-was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line.

Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye."

The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field near Shanksville in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m.

All 44 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard.

How Many People Died in the 9/11 Attacks?

A total of 2,996 people were killed in the 9/11 attacks, including the 19 terrorist hijackers aboard the four airplanes. Citizens of 78 countries died in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania.

At the World Trade Center, 2,763 died after the two planes slammed into the twin towers. That figure includes 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors.

At the Pentagon, 189 people were killed, including 64 on American Airlines Flight 77, the airliner that struck the building. On Flight 93, 44 people died when the plane crash-landed in Pennsylvania.

America Responds to the Attacks

At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who was in Florida at the time of the attacks and had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House.

At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring, "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve."

In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared, "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them."

Operation Enduring Freedom, the American-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7. Within two months, U.S. forces had effectively removed the Taliban from operational power, but the war continued, as U.S. and coalition forces attempted to defeat a Taliban insurgency campaign based in neighboring Pakistan.

Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the September 11th attacks, remained at large until May 2, 2011, when he was finally tracked down and killed by U.S. forces at a hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In June 2011, then-President Barack Obama announced the beginning of large-scale troop withdrawals from Afghanistan; it took until August 2021 for all U.S. forces to withdraw.

Department of Homeland Security Is Created

In the wake of security fears raised by 9/11 and the mailing of letters containing anthrax that killed two and infected 17, The Homeland Security Act of 2002 created the Department of Homeland Security. It was signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 25, 2002. Today, the Department of Homeland Security is a cabinet responsible for preventing terror attacks, border security, immigrations and customs and disaster relief and prevention.

The act was followed two days later by the formation of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. The bipartisan " 9/11 Commission," as it came to be known, was charged with investigating the events that lead up to September 11th. The 9/11 Commission Report was released on July 22, 2004. It named Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the accused mastermind behind 9/11, "the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks."

Mohammed led propaganda operations for al Qaeda from 1999-2001. He was captured on March 1, 2003 by the Central Intelligence Agency and Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and interrogated before being imprisoned in Guantanamo Bay detention camp with four other accused terrorists charged with 9/11-related war crimes. The use of torture, including waterboarding, during Khalid Sheikh Mohammed's interrogation has received international attention. In August 2019, a U.S. military court judge in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba set a trial date for Mohammed and the other four men charged with plotting the 9/11 terrorist attacks to begin in 2021; it was later postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Economic Impact of 9/11

The 9/11 attacks had an immediate negative effect on the U.S. economy. Many Wall Street institutions, including the New York Stock Exchange, were evacuated during the attacks. On the first day of trading after the attacks, the market fell 7.1 percent, or 684 points. New York City's economy alone lost 143,000 jobs a month and $2.8 billion wages in the first three months. The heaviest losses were in finance and air transportation, which accounted for 60 percent of lost jobs. The estimated cost of the World Trade Center damage is $60 billion. The cost to clean the debris at Ground Zero was $750 million.

Victim Compensation Fund

Thousands of first responders and people working and living in lower Manhattan near Ground Zero were exposed to toxic fumes and particles emanating from the towers as they burned and fell. By 2018, 10,000 people were diagnosed with 9/11-related cancer.

From 2001 to 2004, over $7 billion dollars in compensation was given to families of the 9/11 victims and the 2,680 people injured in the attacks. Funding was renewed on January 2, 2011, when President Barack Obama signed The James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act into law. Named for James Zadroga, a New York City Police officer who died of respiratory disease he contracted after rescuing people from the rubble at Ground Zero, the law continued health monitoring and compensation for 9/11 first responders and survivors.

In 2015, funding for the treatment of 9/11-related illness was renewed for five more years at a total of $7.4 billion. The Victim Compensation Fund was set to stop accepting claims in December 2020.

On July 29, 2019, then-President Trump signed a law authorizing support for the September 11 Victim Compensation Fund through 2092. Previously, administrators had cut benefits by up to 70 percent as the $7.4 billion fund depleted. Vocal lobbyists for the fund included Jon Stewart, 9/11 first responder John Feal and retired New York Police Department detective and 9/11 responder Luis Alvarez, who died of cancer 18 days after testifying before Congress.

Anniversary and Memorial

On December 18, 2001, Congress approved naming September 11 "Patriot Day" to commemorate the anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. In 2009, Congress named September 11 a National Day of Service and Remembrance.

The first memorials to September 11 came in the immediate wake of the attacks, with candlelight vigils and flower tributes at U.S. embassies around the world. In Great Britain, Queen Elizabeth sang the American national anthem during the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace. Rio de Janeiro put up billboards showing the city's Christ the Redeemer statue embracing the New York City skyline.

For the first anniversary of the attacks in New York City in 2002, two bright columns of light were shot up into the sky from where the Twin Towers once stood. The "Tribute in Light" then became an annual installation run by the Municipal Art Society of New York. On clear nights, the beams are visible from over 60 miles away.

A World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was held to select an appropriate permanent memorial to the victims of 9/11. The winning design by Michael Arad, "Reflecting Absence," now sits outside the museum in an eight-acre park. It consists of two reflecting pools with waterfalls rushing down where the Twin Towers once rose into the sky.

The names of all 2,983 victims are engraved on the 152 bronze panels surrounding the pools, arranged by where individuals were on the day of the attacks, so coworkers and people on the same flight are memorialized together. The site was opened to the public on September 11, 2011, to commemorate the 10-year anniversary of 9/11. The National September 11 Memorial & Museum followed, opening on the original World Trade Center site in May 2014. The Freedom Tower, also on the original World Trade Center site, opened in November 2014.

Sources

"Study Confirms 9/11 Impact on New York City Economy." The New York Times
"September 11: nearly 10,000 people affected by 'cesspool of cancer.'" The Guardian.
"Congress passes 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund extension championed by Jon Stewart." CNN.com
The Encyclopedia of 9/11. New York Magazine.
FAQ About 9/11. 9/11 Memorial.
September 11th Terror Attacks Fast Facts. CNN.
9/11 Death Statistics. StatisticBrain.com.

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September 11 Attacks: Facts, Background & Impact

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On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.

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They were the most lethal terrorist attacks in history, taking the lives of nearly 3,000 Americans and international citizens and ultimately leading to far-reaching changes in anti-terror approaches and operations in the U.S. and around the globe.

Our investigation of the attacks of 9/11-code-named "PENTTBOM," short for Pennsylvania, Pentagon, and Twin Towers Bombing-was our largest case ever. At its peak, more than half our agents worked to identify the hijackers and their sponsors and, with other agencies, to head off any possible future attacks. We followed more than half-a-million investigative leads, including several hundred thousand tips from the public. The attack and crash sites also represented the largest crime scenes in FBI history.

The events of 9/11 are forever etched in the minds of anyone old enough to remember the day. Those who were on the East Coast recall that it was a brilliant, clear morning. Then, at 8:46 a.m., American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City.

In a meticulously planned attack, terrorists hijacked four airliners. They flew three of the planes into buildings: the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. They crashed the fourth plane in rural Pennsylvania. The attacks killed 2,976 people and injured thousands more. Today, many first responders are still dealing with adverse health effects from working in toxic conditions.

Immediately after the attacks, the FBI's top job was to identify the attackers and prevent another incident. Experts in terrorism, evidence collection, and other specialties worked feverishly to determine what had happened and who was responsible.

The FBI also coordinated with its partners in law enforcement and the intelligence community domestically and abroad as it launched its most ambitious investigation ever.

Within minutes, officials at FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., activated the Strategic Information and Operations Center. By the end of the day, the FBI had established command posts for each of the three crash sites.

Thousands of agents interviewed witnesses and sources. They tracked down clues and tips worldwide to determine what had happened, who did it, and how future acts could be prevented. The FBI started identifying the 19 terrorists within hours.

Then-FBI Director Robert S. Mueller, III broke with routine and based the massive investigation out of FBI Headquarters instead of a field office. The PENTTBOM Team coordinated the investigation out of a basement office, where dozens of agents would build a case against those responsible.

The case, which remains open, revealed extraordinary acts of courage and selflessness among the spectrum of responders. And it forever changed the way the FBI works with law enforcement and intelligence community partners to keep Americans safe in the U.S. and abroad.

Two FBI agents at the World Trade Center in New York on September 16, 2001. Reuters photo.

Washington Field Office Evidence Response Team members at the Pentagon shortly after the attack.

Recovery efforts at site of Flight 93 crash in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

By the Numbers

More than 4,000 special agents and 3,000 professional employees helped in the recovery and subsequent investigation of the 9/11 attacks, which challenged the FBI to deploy its assets efficiently and in innovative ways. All FBI Headquarters divisions, field offices, and nearly every unit at the FBI Laboratory contributed. Among the efforts:

In New York, more than 1,000 FBI employees from 55 of the 56 field offices worked to recover victims, evidence, and personal belongings.

At the Pentagon, 155 FBI employees from eight field offices recovered evidence.

In Pennsylvania, 152 FBI employees from eight field offices recovered evidence.

Special agents and personnel in at least 30 of the FBI's foreign offices tracked down leads and worked with international partners.

The FBI responded to more than 500,000 investigative leads.

Special agents conducted more than 167,000 interviews.

The FBI collected and processed more than 150,000 pieces of evidence.

Photographers took more than 170,000 pictures.

Computer experts examined more than 35 terabytes of data in the first 30 days of the investigation alone.

More than 70 agents and professional staff worked on the core investigative team.

Scores of FBI Laboratory personnel helped identify victims and hijackers through DNA.

Dozens of document experts reviewed more than 1,600 small or damaged pieces of paper.

Dozens of fingerprint examiners received more than 3,800 pieces of evidence and conducted more than 126,600 comparisons.

Five FBI cadaver dogs worked at the Pentagon.

Highly skilled FBI artists developed models of the sites and produced dozens of graphics.

Hazardous materials specialists from numerous field offices worked the three sites.

Explosives experts examined plane wreckage and building debris for evidence of bombs.

FBI pilots transported teams, equipment, and specialists to different locations.

Technical specialists restored the New York Field Office's computer and phone systems and provided emergency communication systems in Virginia and Pennsylvania.

FBI SWAT teams provided security at all three sites, and Hostage Rescue Teams evaluated security at several locations.

Specialists helped recover audio and data from cockpit voice and flight data recorders and analyzed other audio and video recordings.

The FBI's Office for Victim Assistance (now the Victim Services Division﻿) was created to serve thousands of victims and their families.

The Terrorists

The 19 men who hijacked and crashed the four planes were all trained by al Qaeda. Three of the suspected pilots-Mohamed Atta, Marwan Al-Shehhi, and Ziad Jarrah-were part of an al Qaeda cell based in Hamburg, Germany. All four pilots took flying lessons in the United States.

Fifteen of the hijackers came from Saudi Arabia, two from the United Arab Emirates, one from Egypt, and one from Lebanon. The oldest was 33; the rest were between 20 and 29. The group also included two sets of brothers: Wail and Waleed Al-Shehri on American Flight 11, and Nawaf and Salem Al-Hazmi on American Flight 77.

The hijackers began entering the United States in January 2000 to advance the plot. All 19 were in the country by early July 2001.

The Victims

Nearly 3,000 people died on 9/11. A 2-year-old girl on Flight 175 died with her parents on their way to Disneyland. An 85-year-old man on Flight 11 died alongside his wife on their way to her son's wedding. Eight children died, including three 11-year-olds on Flight 77 taking a school trip. Three college students died on Flight 93.

The victims lived in New York, Washington, D.C., and 27 states. One financial services firm lost 658 employees. The U.S. Army lost 75 men and women. More than 400 first responders, including 60 law enforcement officers, were killed. Nearly 3,000 children lost a parent. The FBI family lost two members that day: Special Agent Lenny Hatton was assisting firefighters was inside the World Trade Center when the buildings collapsed. Former Special Agent John O'Neill was also killed in the collapse.

Today, FBI Director Wray requires new special agents and intelligence analysts to visit the National September 11 Memorial & Museum to remind them of their role to protect the American people and to remember the sacrifices of their brothers and sisters who rose to the occasion and responded on 9/11.

"When you have tough days-and I guarantee you, you will have tough days-remember this day and let it bring you back to the core of your job," Wray tells new agents and analysts. "The stakes of the work we do. The people we do the work with. The people we do the work for. If you always keep those things front and center you'll have an incredibly rewarding career at the Bureau and you'll leave the organization even better than when you found it. And our country will be better for it, too."

Remembering 9/11: In Their Own Words
Special agents who worked on investigations and recovery efforts in New York City, at the Pentagon, and in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, recalled their experiences in interviews conducted in the decade after the 9/11 attacks.

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9/11 Investigation | Federal Bureau of Investigation

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They were the most lethal terrorist attacks in history, taking the lives of nearly 3,000 Americans and international citizens and ultimately leading to far-reaching changes in anti-terror approaches and operations in the U.S. and around the globe. Our investigation of the attacks of 9/11-code-named "PENTTBOM," short for Pennsylvania, Pentagon, and Twin Towers Bombing-was our largest case ever.

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11 Facts About 9/11. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2021, from https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-911

9/11 Investigation. (2016, May 17). Retrieved January 28, 2021, from https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/911-investigation

Danahey, M. (2019, May 10). Elgin speakers focus on positive response that followed 9/11 attacks. Retrieved January 27, 2021, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/elgin-courier-news/ct-ecn-elgin-september11-st-0912-20170911-story.html

Engel, P. (2020, September 10). What happened on 9/11, 19 years ago. Retrieved January 28, 2021, from https://www.businessinsider.com/what-happened-on-911-why-2016-9

History.com Editors. (2010, February 17). September 11 Attacks. Retrieved January 28, 2021, from https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks

Santhanam, L., & Epatko, L. (2018, September 11). 9/11 to today: Ways we have changed. Retrieved January 27, 2021, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/9-11-to-today-ways-we-have-changed