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Hippocrates references mania or “furor” referring to a state of excitement and euphoria. This was believed to be caused by the effect of yellow bile on the brain. (Mitchell, 2017)

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“Clinician of Mania” Aretueaus of Cappadocia refers to transitions between melancholy and mania. (Mitchell, 2017)

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Many prominent Physicians and Psychiatrists in France, Germany, the U.K., and the U.S.A. describe similar observations of melancholy with fits of mania. (Mitchell, 2017)

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Falret and Baillarger introduce perspective of this condition as a separate disease entity from the broad category of madness.  (Mitchell, 2017)

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Falret

Falret refers to this condition as «La Folie Circulaire» meaning “The Circular Madness” in French. This name references the cycles of depression and mania. (Mitchell, 2017)

Falret acknowledge the genetic nature of the disorder (Mitchell, 2017)

«La Folie Circulaire» has 3 periods: depression, mania, and the “free interval” (Mitchell, 2017)

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Baillarger

Baillarger referred to the disorder as «La Folie à Double Forme» meaning “Double Insanity” in French. (Mitchell, 2017)

«La Folie à Double Forme» had 2 periods: depression and mania. (Mitchell, 2017)

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German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin introduced the tern “Manic-Depressive Insanity”. (Mitchell, 2017)

He made a distinction between “Manic-Depressive Insanity” and “Dementia Praecox” (Schizophrenia), due to the cycling pattern of MDI. (Mitchell, 2017)

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DSM I classified Manic-Depression as a psychotic disorder with 3 types: manic, depressive, and other (Mason et al., 2016)

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Leonhard introduced the modern term for this condition as “Bipolar Disorder” (Mitchell, 2017)

He understood Bipolar Disorder as an umbrella term for many illnesses. (Mitchell, 2017)

Introduced the division of unipolar (manic and depressive) and bipolar (manic-depressive) (Mitchell, 2017)

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Inclusion of Manic-Depressive Psychosis in the 8th edition of the International Classification of Diseases by the WHO (Mitchell, 2017)

This classification included 3 forms of Manic-Depressive Psychosis: manic, depressive, and circular. (Mitchell, 2017)

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DSM II Manic Depression classified as “Manic-Depressive Illness” under affective disorders (Mason et al., 2016)

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Dunner & Colleagues categorized Bipolar Disorder into BD I and BD II (Mitchell, 2017)

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DSM III Manic Episode and Bipolar are classified under mood disorders (Mason et al., 2016)

Both bipolar and unipolar depression are included (Mason et al., 2016)

The Term “hypomania” becomes introduced (Mason et al., 2016)

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Development of “Soft-Bipolar Spectrum Disorder” (Mitchell, 2017)

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DSM IV Bipolar Disorder is classified as a Mood Disorder (Mason et al., 2016)

DSM IV Introduces Bipolar I and II as separate diagnoses (Mason et al., 2016)

DSM IV distinction between diagnosis of Mixed Episode and Manic Episode (Mason et al., 2016)

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DSM-5 Bipolar Disorder is classified under “Bipolar and Related Disorders” (Mason et al., 2016)

DSM-5 “Mixed Episode” changed to a specifier of Bipolar Disorder “with mixed features”. (Mason et al., 2016)