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According to the legend, the famous tree was one of the 12 Olive Trees of the Akademia that derived from the Sacred Olive Tree, that Athena gave as a gift to the Athenians and king Cecrops, during her contest for their city with the god of sea, Poseidon. Under its shade, Plato is said to have been teaching his students his known “Theory of Ideas”. The roots of the tree survived through the ages following the history of the capital of modern Greece and became one of the city’s main attractions, at the beginning of the previous century. 

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According to the legend, the famous tree was one of the 12 Olive Trees of the Akademia that derived from the Sacred Olive Tree, that Athena gave as a gift to the Athenians and king Cecrops, during her contest for their city with the god of sea, Poseidon. Under its shade, Plato is said to have been teaching his students his known “Theory of Ideas”. The roots of the tree survived through the ages following the history of the capital of modern Greece and became one of the city’s main attractions, at the beginning of the previous century. 

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The Olive tree is one of the most beloved, sacred trees and its place is firmly rooted in Ancient Greek tradition and mythology. Traditionally, the Olive tree is a symbol of peace and friendship, this association began in ancient Greece, as early as the fifth century. Legend has it that Zeus proposed a contest between Athena and Poseidon for the control of Athens. Poseidon smashed his three-pronged trident upon the hard rock of the Acropolis, which unleashed a spring. Whilst Athena, produced an Olive tree, with its silvery-green leaves and abundance of rich fruits.The Athenians chose Athena’s gift and, in turn, the Olive tree has remained a much-loved part of Greek life ever since!It became clear that the Olive tree held special importance over all other trees when the great King Xerxes’ Persian armies swept through Greece. In 480BC, the buildings on the Acropolis, which contained Olive trees, were set on fire and destroyed. However, the olive trees ‘sprouted the same day to a height of two cubits’ (1 metre!). As well as this, seeds from the remnants of this sacred tree were replanted across Attica. Doing this, meant that all the olive groves, surrounding Athens, have a touch of Athena’s original tree. 

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The Olive tree is one of the most beloved, sacred trees and its place is firmly rooted in Ancient Greek tradition and mythology. Traditionally, the Olive tree is a symbol of peace and friendship, this association began in ancient Greece, as early as the fifth century. Legend has it that Zeus proposed a contest between Athena and Poseidon for the control of Athens. Poseidon smashed his three-pronged trident upon the hard rock of the Acropolis, which unleashed a spring. Whilst Athena, produced an Olive tree, with its silvery-green leaves and abundance of rich fruits.The Athenians chose Athena’s gift and, in turn, the Olive tree has remained a much-loved part of Greek life ever since!It became clear that the Olive tree held special importance over all other trees when the great King Xerxes’ Persian armies swept through Greece. In 480BC, the buildings on the Acropolis, which contained Olive trees, were set on fire and destroyed. However, the olive trees ‘sprouted the same day to a height of two cubits’ (1 metre!). As well as this, seeds from the remnants of this sacred tree were replanted across Attica. Doing this, meant that all the olive groves, surrounding Athens, have a touch of Athena’s original tree. 

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Maltese coat of arms - attribute of the Maltese state: split shield, right (heraldic) side white, left - red. In the canton - the gray cross of George. Above the shield is a golden brick crown with a small gate in the center and five visible towers representing the Maltese fortifications. The shield is surrounded by two natural-colored branches: the olive branch on the right and the palm leaf on the left, which symbolize peace and are traditionally associated with Malta.https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltos_herbas

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Maltese coat of arms - attribute of the Maltese state: split shield, right (heraldic) side white, left - red. In the canton - the gray cross of George. Above the shield is a golden brick crown with a small gate in the center and five visible towers representing the Maltese fortifications. The shield is surrounded by two natural-colored branches: the olive branch on the right and the palm leaf on the left, which symbolize peace and are traditionally associated with Malta.https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltos_herbas

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The word 'oil', which has different sayings in all Western languages ​​today, is derived from the word "eleia", which means olive tree in ancient Greek. It is accepted that olive cultivation started with the first humans and it is said that "olives are the first of all trees".The importance of olives in human history is included in all holy books, creation and establishment legends. Of course, the medical use of olive trees and olive oil and their effects on human metabolism play an important role in the basis of its sacredness and deep cultural effects. Because medicine has been obtained from him since the Hittites.

Teacher Sebahat Kanzık

Feriha Uyar Vocational And Technical Anatolian High School

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Apart from its heavy and laborious growth, the olive tree is a long-lived and durable tree. That is why the ancient Romans called the olive tree “vivax oliva”, which means seven creatures. In mythology and Botany, its name is “immortal tree“. In the Iliad epic, The poet Homer describes the immortality of the Olive as follows: “I belong to everyone and I belong to no one, I was here before you came, and I will be here after you left”

Teacher Sebahat Kanzık

Feriha Uyar Vocational And Technical Anatolian High School

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An olive, to many, is no more than a humble lump at the bottom of a martini. Yet a closer look reveals a portrait in miniature of the richest parts of our world. Olives have oiled the wheels of civilization since Jericho built walls and ancient Greece was the morning news. From the first Egyptians, they have symbolized everything happy and holy in the Mediterranean. But it is simpler than all that. Next time the sun is bright and the tomatoes are ripe, take a hunk of bread, sprinkle it with fresh thyme, and think about where to dunk it. I rest my case.
"The olive tree is surely the richest gift of Heaven." --Thomas Jefferson
Teacher: Sebahat Kanzık
Feriha Uyar Vocational And Technical Anatolian High School

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Teacher:Meryem Hacıman

Zeytin Ağacı Efsanesi

Antik Yunan’da tanrıların başı Zeus, insanlığa en değerli armağanı veren tanrı ya da tanrıçanın yeni kurulan şehrin hükümdarı olacağını vaat eder zamanında. Bu haberi duyan deniz tanrısı Poseidon ve bilgelik tanrıçası Athena ile mücadeleye girerler. Poseidon, insanları keşfedilmemiş, uzak diyarlara götürecek olan görkemli “Atı”; Athena ise insanlığa yüz yıllar boyunca bereket ve yaşam kaynağı olacak olan “Zeytin Ağacı”nı yaratır. Yarışı kazanan Athena olur ve şehre onun ismi verilir. Athena antik mitolojide “gökgözlü” olarak anılır. Zeytin meyvesinin de hasat öncesinde gök (mor) rengini aldığı bilinir.

Antik çağ filozofları okullarını zeytin ağacı bahçelerinde kurarlar, derslerini ve felsefe söyleşilerini de zeytin ağaçları altında yaparlardı. Mesela, Platon tarafından kurulan Akademia, Atina şehrindeki bir zeytin bahçesi içerisindeydi. Bunun nedeni bu okulların Bilgelik Tanrıçası Athena’ya adanmış olmasıydı. Sonuçta zeytin, zaten Athena’nın ağacı idi…

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Sude Naz M. Teacher: Meryem HACIMAN

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The slopes of APESSAS (Phocas) mountain in the area between Ancient Corinth - Isthmos Kanal and Nemea where the olive oil has always been a symbol closely associated with the history, tradition and culture

The olive tree (Olea europaea), also called Real olive tree is medium size, as it grows up it gets a pink color, belongs to the genus of olive (Olea) and belongs to the olive family (Oleaceae). It is being grown since the 4th millennium BC as a useful plant. It thrives in Mediterranean climate with an average annual temperature of 15 - 20°C, rising as rich branched evergreen tree or shrub and reaches (depending on the specis) in height from 10 to 20 meters. The olive tree takes a long time to develop and can survive several hundred years (Plato's Olive tree in Athens).

The trees often grow on rocky cliffs, thrive in hot and dry summer in elevation up to 500 meters above sea level. They require very little water and fertilizer and endure harsh conditions than any other tree crops.

The history of olives dates back to antiquity. The fruit and oil are the most important base of a healthy diet. The olive branch is a symbol of peace, and was an important part of the wealth and was the picture of prosperity and happiness of the citizens. In the economy, religion and art, and many myths reflect the important role of olives and the olive tree. The olive tree is an important element of the Mediterranean vegetation and cultural landscape.

Olive oil is a key element of the Mediterranean diet and cuisine, where it is used everywhere. In Greece, the annual consumption is around 23 liters per person. Due to the high point of its smoke level (190°C-virgin olive oil, refined 220°C), it is particularly suitable for frying. In cooking or salad dressing, olive oil cannot be ignored. Olive oil is not only used in food. It is also used in cosmetics, for the preparation and production of personal care products.

An example of a healthy and balanced diet is the traditional Mediterranean diet. Therefore, the olive oil is also recommended as a precautionary measure. The secret is not in the interaction of the components: The traditional diet in southern Europe is characterized by healthy diversity. Plant foods, bread, pasta, vegetables, salads and fruits are what is served at the table every day. Fish, poultry several times a week and red meat is served rarely. Milk and dairy products like yogurt and cheese are served daily in moderate amounts. This dose also applies to wine. The main source of fat is olive oil.

- Low in calories than other oils
- Ready for consumption immediately after production
- From harvest to production it keeps the fruity ingredients that make its taste and aroma.
- Rich in monounsaturated fat (60-80%)
- Low in saturated fat (~14%)
- Contains 10% linoleic
- One tablespoon of olive oil covers 10% of the daily requirement of vitamin E
- Antioxidant
- Rich in Squalene - stimulates metabolism
- Without proteins, water, gluten, carbohydrates, salts and/or preservatives
- Provides good digestion and prevents even obesity

Effect of olive oil
- Reduces the risk of thrombosis
- Reduces high blood pressure
- Prevention against diabetes and reduced need for insulin to the emergence of adult diabetes
- Promotes bone growth (against rickets) and prevents osteoporosis
- Helps against rheumatism
- Stimulates bile flow, prevents the formation of gallstones
- Protection against cancer, particularly breast cancer with antioxidants such as vitamin E
- For babies who can not tolerate milk, olive oil is almost as good as breast milk, because the composition of fatty acids of olive oil and breast milk are very similar. The oil strengthens bones, prevents failure of metals and is also great for baby massage
- The older children or even adults who feel faint or have to recover from a serious illness, should take 1-4 tablespoons of olive oil a day to boost their immune system

The product is very aromatic, with a distinctive green and dark color according to the variety of olives, suitable for a balanced and healthy Mediterranean diet.

Contains only the varieties "Koroneiki", "Manaki" and "Ladolia" that give vivid green color with unique mild taste and fruity aroma with natural elements to positively affect the health and physical development, especially in children while soothing any pathological diseases and allergies for teenagers, adults and seniors.

All stages of the cultivation, production and process until the sale are curated and controlled by ourselves, since we are talking about a family affair (business) where producers themselves are directly interfacing with consumers.

At this point it is worth noting that we are talking about a product produced in a specific amount each year, with special care and philosophy, normal for the season without the use of pesticides and substances, characteristics which contribute to high quality Extra Virgin Olive Oil.

In maxim of the ancient Greek philosopher Plutarchos mentions maxim , which means that the explanatory Health is valuable but can easily toggle so many times as it can be affected negatively, so we have to guard as a .

This is realted to another Plutarchos quote , where it is assumed that and so it is NECESSARY to combine the two and produce to Health and Humanity.

Cultivated trees of our productive land, which we develop and care for many years, form the basis of efforts of production - marketing (domestic and abroad) and standardization of quality olive oil.

This product is for the most part, lowland and foothill irrigated groves with an ideal climate that makes groves remain unchanged over time, which is one of the smallest in volume production, but on the other end has arguably better quality.

From mother earth in the Peloponnese and in particular from the slopes of Mount APESSAS (Phocas) in the area between Corinth - Canal Isthmus and Nemea where the olive oil has always been a symbol closely associated with the history, tradition and culture.

The soil, due to its location does not allow large volume production, yet retains as much moisture it needs from the winter rains and the amount of oxygen due to the altitude, so the olives produce excellent quality oil.

We would also like to mention that all types of oil produced is of low acidity (from 0.3% to 0.5%), while combining nutrition and unique substances that contribute dramatically to human health and longevity.

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The slopes of APESSAS (Phocas) mountain in the area between Ancient Corinth - Isthmos Kanal and Nemea where the olive oil has always been a symbol closely associated with the history, tradition and culture The olive tree (Olea europaea), also called Real olive tree is medium size, as it grows up it gets a pink color, belongs to the genus of olive (Olea) and belongs to the olive family (Oleaceae).

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Bertan E. Teacher:Meryem Hacıman Cunda vocational technical and anatolian high school

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Bertan E. Teacher:Meryem Hacıman Cunda vocational technical and anatolian high school

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Zeytin ağacının insanlık tarihindeki yerini kavrayabilmek için 40 bin yıl öncesine kadar uzanmak gerekiyor. Zeytin ağacına ilişkin elimizdeki en kayda değer veri, Santorini Adası’nda yapılan arkeolojik çalışmalarda elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda 40 bin yıllık zeytin yaprağı fosillerine ulaşılmıştır. Aynı zamanda Kuzey Afrika’nın Sahra Bölgesi’nde gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik çalışmalarda da MÖ 12 bin yıllarına ait zeytin ağacı bulgularına rastlanmıştır. Fakat bu bulgulara ulaşılmasına rağmen ilk zeytin hasadının ne zaman yapıldığı hâlâ cevapsız bir soru olarak kalmıştır.Bilim, zeytin ağacının tam olarak ne zaman ve nerede oluştuğuna dair bir açıklama getiremese de mitoloji buna kendince şöyle bir açıklık getirmiştir.

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My research

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The olive tree, Olea europaea, is a classic Mediterranean tree that we might associate more with holidays than our own back garden. However, they make good street trees and garden trees in the UK, with attractive pale green, evergreen leaves, slow growing habit and compact size. They can be grown in borders but make good container plants, too. There are now many cultivars to choose from that tolerate cooler temperatures, although a sunny, sheltered location will get the best results. You might even be lucky enough to get your own crop of olives - perhaps not enough for a bottle of olive oil, but certainly enough to cure and serve up as an appetiser.

Learn more about growing olive trees, below.

Where to grow olive trees

Olives are Mediterranean plants so thrive in conditions closest to the hot, dry climate of their native habitat. Choose the sunniest and most sheltered spot available - a south-facing spot with a brick wall behind it will work well.

How to plant olive trees

If you're growing your olive tree in a border, dig a hole and add mycorrhizal fungi to help the tree establish quickly. If you have heavy soil then add plenty of grit to aid drainage. If growing in a container or raised bed, prepare a soil-based mix of compost and grit, with added organic matter and nutrients.

Most olive trees are supplied pot grown, so they can be planted at any time of the year, unless the soil is frozen.

It's possible to grow an olive tree from seed, but this is a long process and when grown, your plant will revert to a wild variety, rather than its parent cultivar. You need heat to get seeds to germinate - sow undercover in a propagator in spring.
How to plant trees
Caring for olive trees

Olive trees may be drought tolerant, but they need to be kept well-watered, as dry spells during early spring can affect flowering and fruiting. They also need feeding regularly with a liquid feed every two weeks during the growing season.

In severe winter weather, protect border-grown trees with horticultural fleece and a winter mulch around the base of the tree. For pot-grown trees, wrap the container with a layer of bubble wrap or horticultural fleece to protect the roots from freezing temperatures.

Olive trees are slow growing and do not need much pruning other than to keep to the desired size and shape. Prune in late spring to mid-summer, to remove dead, diseased or dying branches. Thin branches to allow more light into the centre. Although evergreen, olives do shed leaves, mostly in late spring as older leaves make way for new growth.

Harvesting and storing olives

Your olive tree may never fruit, but if it does it will take at least four years for the tree to be mature enough. Harvest the olives in late autumn.

If you've ever eaten an olive straight from the tree you will understand why they need to be cured. They are extremely bitter to taste. To make them palatable, soak them in a brine solution for up to six weeks (you will need to change the water regularly).

Olives trees: problem solving

Olives can be affected by extremely cold weather, below -10°C. This can cause damage to the foliage and bark. However, plants should recover, although they might suffer in terms of fruit production the following season.

Extreme wet can cause leaves to drop and may weaken the tree. This can allow other diseases, such as verticillium wilt or phytopthora root rot, to take hold. Olive trees can also be affected by honey fungus, so don't plant in areas where this disease has been found.

Olive scab is a fungal disease that causes spots on the leaves, excessive loss of foliage and poor fruit production.

How to propagate olive trees

Olive trees can be propagated by taking semi-ripe cuttings in summer or hardwood cuttings in winter.

Olive tree varieties to try

Olea europaea 'Arbequina' - a Spanish variety from Catalonia, small but vigorous, with good tolerance of frost and poorer soils.

Olea europaea 'Cipressino' - a southern Italian variety, from Puglia, this has a good, upright habit and compact growth and a good choice for smaller gardens or pots. It is hardy and good for coastal gardens.

Olea europaea 'Frantoio' - a classic Tuscan olive tree, self-fertile and the source of many bottles of olive oil. Easy to grow in the UK and a good choice if you want a reliable fruiting tree

Olea europaea 'Hojiblanca' - a cold-tolerant Spanish variety from Andalucia, with an arching habit and leaves with pale undersides.

Olea europaea 'Leccino' - a reliable Italian variety that does very well in the UK climate.

Olea europaea 'Pendolino' - this compact, Tuscan olive tree, has a weeping form and is good for smaller spaces. It needs to be planted with other pollinating olives to produce fruit.

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The olive tree, Olea europaea, is a classic Mediterranean tree that we might associate more with holidays than our own back garden. However, they make good street trees and garden trees in the UK, with attractive pale green, evergreen leaves, slow growing habit and compact size.

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Plato’s Academy mosaic — from the Villa of T. Siminius Stephanus in Pompeii.

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Plato’s Academy mosaic — from the Villa of T. Siminius Stephanus in Pompeii.

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Betül Can Anatolian high school

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teacher:Simru Pamuk

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Every single "academy" in the world is named after the original Akademia of Athens. Founded by Plato after the execution of his teacher, Socrates, at the start of the 4th century BC, Plato's Academy was the first major school of philosophy, the first academic institution. It's one of the very foundation stones of Western civilization. For centuries, it was considered a centre of learning, and a beacon of light, throughout the Western world.

"What happened to it?", people ask, "Where was it located?" and "Does Plato's Academy still exist?"

I'm an author, writing about philosophy, who happens to live in Athens. So this topic comes up a lot for me in conversation. " What happened to it?", people ask, " Where was it located?" and "Does Plato's Academy still exist?" In a nutshell, it was destroyed by the Roman dictator Sulla in the 1st century BC. He gutted its buildings and tore down the surrounding trees to build his siege engines. The area in which it was once located is a public park today, containing some ruins, and so no, unfortunately, it's no longer standing. However, maybe it's not gone forever...

I was born in Scotland, emigrated to Canada, but currently have permanent resident status in Greece, and live in a suburb of Athens called Kypseli. It's just over half an hour's walk from Akadimia Platonos Park, the original location of Plato's Academy. I often go there. It's very popular with local Athenians walking dogs, practicing martial arts, jogging, and letting their kids play. However, it's perhaps not as well-known to tourists yet as it should be.

The grounds are now referred to as the "Academy Park", although originally it was known simply as the Academy. Plato's philosophical school based there came to adopt the same name. One theory is that " Akadimia" originally meant "far away deme" or suburb, as it was located outside the ancient city walls of Athens. Later another story evolved that it was named in tribute to a legendary Greek hero called Academus.

There's a nice statue (herm) of Plato close to the park. A few years ago a small "digital museum" was created nearby, which I also like to visit. There's a short film showing several local people who talk about how economically deprived the area is and that the site of the Academy was neglected for years because most people didn't even realize its significance. One older man said something like:

"There used to be factories here and now we have thirty hairdressers and thirty pharmacies - and that's about all!"

The first time I visited the grounds of the Academy Park, where the ruins are located, children were playing, two guys lurking beside the ruined palaestra (wrestling school) were drinking beer and smoking, and a middle-aged woman on a bench nearby, who looked very dishevelled, was talking to herself. There's a bit of litter and graffiti but it's not too bad. It could easily be cleaned up. The philosopher Simon Critchley recently wrote a very sniffy article about it in The New York Times. He called it "a public park in a not particularly nice part of town". I guess he didn't see its potential. I feel very connected with the past there. I also think it's a beautiful park and I go there often to walk and reflect on my writing.

Plato's school was founded about twelve years after the death, in 399 BC, of Socrates. We don't know what it looked like. It was possibly just a house where he held symposia, at which philosophical discussions took place. Similar discussions were often also held while walking around outdoors in the park. We do know his school of philosophy was located in what the ancients called a gymnasium. There were three main gymnasia in classical Athens: the Academy, Lyceum and Cynosarges. Plato founded his school at the Academy, Aristotle set up at the Lyceum, and Antisthenes taught at the poorer Cynosarges, possibly the home of the Cynic school of philosophy.

The English word "gymnasium" refers to a room or building used for exercise. However, in ancient Greece a gymnasion was more like what we'd call a "sports complex" or perhaps a "recreation ground" - a large park with walks, running tracks, wrestling schools, baths, and other buildings. Athletes competing in games such as the Olympics would train there. The grounds contained palaestrae, buildings for training in boxing, wrestling, pankration, and ball games. (A palaestra is a bit closer in meaning to our modern notion of a building called a "gymnasium".) The word gymnasion is also related to the Greek for "naked" as the youths who exercised there did so in the nude.

Gymnasia, such as the Academy, also incorporated shrines, as they were dedicated to the gods. Even more surprisingly, to our modern minds, they were places of learning and conversation, where older men, in particular, would socialize and talk about philosophy and the arts. The Greek Sophists gave speeches in the gymnasia and Socrates could often be found discussing philosophy there with his friends. There were public libraries. Later, philosophical schools such as Plato's famous Academy appeared. Women were not allowed into the grounds of ancient Greek gymnasia but there's a story that two women disguised themselves as men in order to attend Plato's lectures there.

Plato's most famous student at the Academy was Aristotle but after Plato's death it was his cousin, Speusippus, who became the next head of the school, known as a "scholarch". He was succeeded by Xenocrates of Chalcedon. We're told that Xenocrates more would retire into himself, in private contemplation, several times each day, and that he assigned whole hour each day to silence.

He was succeeded, in turn, by a student named Polemo, who experienced a sort of conversion after hearing Xenocrates speak.

As a youth he [Polemo] was so unbridled and promiscuous that he carried money about with him to procure the immediate gratification of his desires. He even kept sums hidden in narrow lanes. And even in the Academy a three-obol piece was found next to a pillar, where he had buried it for the same purpose. One day, by agreement with his young friends, he burst into Xenocrates' school in a drunken state, wearing a garland on his head.

The teacher was completely unfazed:

Unperturbed, Xenocrates proceeded with his discourse as before, its subject being temperance. The boy, as he listened, was gradually captivated, and thereafter became so diligent that he surpassed all the others and eventually became head of the school ... - Diogenes Laertius

Although Polemo got into some trouble as a young man, through philosophy he later acquired a reputation for having such an unshakeably calm demeanour that he sounds like a precursor of the Stoics.

...from the time he began to study philosophy he developed such strength of character that his demeanor remained the same on all occasions. Even his voice never varied... At any rate, when a mad dog bit him in the back of the thigh, he did not even turn pale, and remained unmoved by the uproar that arose in the city at the news of what had happened.

We can see here that some students of philosophy actually took up residence in the grounds of the Academy park.

We're told that he withdrew from society and confined himself to the Garden of the Academy (the surrounding park) where his students built themselves little huts so they could live near the Shrine of the Muses and the lecture hall of the Academy, where they went to hear Polemo speak. - Diogenes Laertius

Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism, was originally (and perhaps mainly) a Cynic philosopher, although he also studied at other schools of Athenian philosophy, including spending ten years attending Plato's Academy, under Xenocrates and later Polemo.

"The unexamined life," Socrates said, "is not worth living."

I've been talking for a while about "creating something new" near the original location of Plato's school, in the Academy Park. Recently, our plans have started to come together. I'm working with an amazing team of people on ways of holding events there, and contributing to the overall improvement of the area, in ways that will hopefully benefit everyone, including the local residents. I doubt it's realistic to literally "rebuild" the original Platonic Academy but there are other ways of bringing it back to the area.

Greece brought philosophy to the world. Now wealthy countries can give something back by helping to protect her cultural heritage, and learning to appreciate her potential. We could all be walking in the footsteps of Socrates and Plato, talking about wisdom and virtue, and learning to question ourselves more deeply. "The unexamined life," Socrates said, "is not worth living." You can do that anywhere, of course, but wouldn't it be inspiring to do it at the original location of Plato's Academy?

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Every single "academy" in the world is named after the original Akademia of Athens. Founded by Plato after the execution of his teacher, Socrates, at the start of the 4th century BC, Plato's Academy was the first major school of philosophy, the first academic institution. It's one of the very foundation stones of Western civilization.

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Betül Can Anatolian High school  teacher: Simru Pamuk

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Betül Can Anatolian High school  teacher: Simru Pamuk

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Ruins in Akadimia Platonos Park. Photo by author. Public domain.

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research prepared by Hülya B.   Betül Can Anatoliah High School

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research prepared by Hülya B.   Betül Can Anatoliah High School

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A cademy, Greek Academeia, Latin Academia, in ancient Greece, the academy, or college, of philosophy in the northwestern outskirts of Athens where Plato acquired property about 387 BCE and used to teach. At the site there had been an olive grove, a park, and a gymnasium sacred to the legendary Attic hero Academus (or Hecademus). source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Academy-ancient-academy-Athens-Greece
Cited:Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Academy". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Dec. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Academy-ancient-academy-Athens-Greece. Accessed 3 May 2021.

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by Sahra G.  research                         Betül Can Anatolian High School       

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by Sahra G.  research                         Betül Can Anatolian High School       

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The Athenian philosopher Plato (c.428-347 B.C.) is one of the most important figures of the Ancient Greek world and the entire history of Western thought. In his written dialogues he conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates. The Academy he founded was by some accounts the world’s first university and in it he trained his greatest student, the equally influential philosopher Aristotle. Plato’s recurring fascination was the distinction between ideal forms and everyday experience, and how it played out both for individuals and for societies. In the “Republic,” his most famous work, he envisioned a civilization governed not by lowly appetites but by the pure wisdom of a philosopher-king.

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Plato: Early Life and Education

Plato was born around 428 B.C., during the final years of the Golden Age of Pericles' Athens. He was of noble Athenian lineage on both sides. His father Ariston died when Plato was a child. His mother Perictione remarried the politician Pyrilampes. Plato grew up during the Peloponnesian War (431-404) and came of age around the time of Athens' final defeat by Sparta and the political chaos that followed. He was educated in philosophy, poetry and gymnastics by distinguished Athenian teachers including the philosopher Cratylus.

Plato's Influences

The young Plato became a devoted follower of Socrates-indeed, he was one of the youths Socrates was condemned for allegedly corrupting. Plato's recollections of Socrates' lived-out philosophy and style of relentless questioning, the Socratic method, became the basis for his early dialogues. Plato's dialogues, along with "Apologia," his written account of the trial of Socrates, are viewed by historians as the most accurate available picture of the elder philosopher, who left no written works of his own.

Following Socrates' forced suicide, Plato spent 12 years traveling in southern Italy, Sicily and Egypt, studying with other philosophers including followers of the mystic mathematician Pythagoras including Theodorus of Cyrene (creator of the spiral of Theodorus or Pythagorean spiral), Archytas of Tarentum and Echecrates of Phlius. Plato's time among the Pythagoreans piqued his interest in mathematics.

Plato's Theory of Forms, stating that the physical world we know is but a shadow of the real one, was strongly influenced by Parmenides and Zeno of Elea. The two appear as characters in Plato's dialogue "The Parmenides."

Plato had a lifelong relationship with the ruling family of Syracuse, who would later seek his advice on reforming their city's politics.

Platonic Academy

Around 387, the 40-year-old Plato returned to Athens and founded his philosophical school in the grove of the Greek hero Academus, just outside the city walls. In his open-air Academy he delivered lectures to students gathered from throughout the Greek world (nine-tenths of them from outside Athens).

Did you know? The section on music in Plato's "Republic" suggests that in an ideal society flutes would be banned in favor of the more dignified lyre, but on his deathbed Plato reportedly summoned a young girl to play her flute for him, tapping out the rhythm with his finger while he breathed his last.

Many of Plato's writings, especially the so-called later dialogues, seem to have originated in his teaching there. In establishing the Academy Plato moved beyond the precepts of Socrates, who never founded a school and questioned the very idea of a teacher's ability to impart knowledge.

Aristotle arrived from northern Greece to join the Academy at age 17, studying and teaching there for the last 20 years of Plato's life. Plato died in Athens, and was probably buried on the Academy grounds.

Plato's Dialogues

With the exception of a set of letters of dubious provenance, all of Plato's surviving writings are in dialogue form, with the character of Socrates appearing in all but one of them. His 36 dialogues are generally ordered into early, middle and late, though their chronology is determined by style and content rather than specific dates.

The earliest of Plato's dialogues offer a deep exploration of Socrates' dialectic method of breaking down and analyzing ideas and presumptions. In the "Euthpyro," Socrates' endless questioning pushes a religious expert to realize that he has no understanding of what "piety" means. Such analyses pushed his students towards grappling with so-called Platonic forms-the ineffable perfect models (truth, beauty, what a chair should look like) by which people judge objects and experiences.

In the middle dialogues, Plato's individual ideas and beliefs, though never advocated outright, emerge from the Socratic form. The "Symposium" is a series of drinking-party speeches on the nature of love, in which Socrates says the best thing to do with romantic desire is to convert it into amicable truth-seeking (an idea termed "Platonic love" by later writers). In the "Meno," Socrates demonstrates that wisdom is less a matter of learning things than "recollecting" what the soul already knows, in the way that an untaught boy can be led to discover for himself a geometric proof.

The monumental "Republic" is a parallel exploration of the soul of a nation and of an individual. In both, Plato finds a three-part hierarchy between rulers, auxiliaries and citizens and between reason, emotion and desire. Just as reason should reign supreme in the individual, so should a wise ruler control a society.

Only those with wisdom (ideally a sort of "philosopher-king") are able to discern the true nature of things. The experiences of the lower tiers of the state and of the soul are-as Plato's famous analogy has it-related to true knowledge the way the shadows on the wall of a cave are related to, yet wholly different from, the forms that cast them.

Plato's late dialogues are barely dialogues at all but rather explorations of specific topics. The "Timeaus" explains a cosmology intertwined with geometry, in which perfected three-dimensional shapes-cubes, pyramids, icosahedrons-are the "Platonic solids" out of which the whole universe is made. In the "Laws," his final dialogue, Plato retreats from the pure theory of the "Republic," suggesting that experience and history as well as wisdom can inform the running of an ideal state.

Plato Quotes

Plato is credited with coining several phrases that are still popular today. Here are some of Plato's most famous quotes:

· "Love is a serious mental disease."

· "When the mind is thinking it is talking to itself."

· "Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion and knowledge."

· "Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something."

· "Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything."

· "One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors."

· "Man-a being in search of meaning."

· "Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. Those who wish to sing always find a song. At the touch of lover, everyone becomes a poet."

· "There are two things a person should never be angry at: What they can help, and what they cannot."

· "People are like dirt. They can either nourish you and help you grow as a person or they can stunt your growth and make you wilt and die."

Plato: Legacy and Influence

The Academy flourished for nearly three centuries following Plato's death, but was destroyed in the sacking of Athens by the Roman general Sulla in 86 B.C. Though continually read in the Byzantine Empire and in the Islamic world, Plato was overshadowed by Aristotle in the Christian west.

It was only in the Renaissance that scholars like Petrarch led a revival of Plato's thought, in particular his explorations of logic and geometry. William Wordsworth, Percy Shelly and others in the 19th-century Romantic movement found philosophical solace in Plato's dialogues.

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The Athenian philosopher Plato (c.428-347 B.C.) is one of the most important figures of the Ancient Greek world and the entire history of Western thought. In his written dialogues he conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates.

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BETÜL CAN ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH by Meral b.

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BETÜL CAN ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH by Meral b.

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By Meral B. preparation of research.
My teacher: Simru Pamuk

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What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?

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The Academy, founded by the philosopher Plato in the early 4th century BCE, was perhaps one of the earliest higher learning institutions. While it was not like a university where people would enroll and obtain advanced degrees, it functioned as one of the first places for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questions, at least in Europe, took place by gathered scholars.

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Plato research from Leyla İ. school: Betül Can Anatolian High School TEACHER=Simru Pamuk 

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Plato research from Leyla İ. school: Betül Can Anatolian High School TEACHER=Simru Pamuk 

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Plato is famous philosopher. Plato quotations.

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1598 quotes from Plato: 'Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.', 'Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. Those who wish to sing always find a song.

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Plato, one of the most important Greek philosophers, thought of olive oil as “Pain Relief”.

In his “Constitution of the Athenians”, Aristotle described the abundance of olive trees in Athens.

Pliny, an author and physician, mentioned the first olive mill in his work and recommended placing aromatic herbs in olive oil.

The olive tree was cultivated in many areas of Greece such as Milos, Samos, Euboea, as well as various other regions.

Its cultivation was widespread during the 5th century, also known as the Golden Age of Pericles, when, according to Herodotus, Athens was a major center of olive cultivation.
http://www.ellindorcompany.com/en/the-olive-tree-and-olive-oil-in-ancient-greece/