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1. Fashion and Make-Up during the Tudor Period

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1. Fashion and Make-Up during the Tudor Period

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In the early Tudor Period  royal families didn’t wash their bodies because they thought that made them ill. Because of that they only used powder and perfume to smell good for others. Another interesting fact is that in England most people lived in the countryside because they were farmers and they couldn't wash themselves with soap or had perfume. Instead, they used water with ash to wash themselves.

New vocabulary:
farmer =Bauer

perfume =Parfüme

powder =Pulver

royal =königlich
ash= Ashe

Quiz:

Why didn’t the royals wash themselves?

A:They thought it made them ill.

B:They hated it.
C:They didn't have enough water

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Bread and flour were hard to find and government posters encouraged people to eat less bread (see posters).The winter of 1916 saw a major shortage of flour. It was replaced by dried food.

In 1918, Britain began rationing to try and make food more equal. Everyone was provided with a ration book that showed how much food they were allowed to buy, including sugar, meat, flour, butter, margarine and milk. Even King George and Queen Mary had rationbooks! Richer families understood what it was like to be hungry whereas some of the poorest families found that rationing left them better-fed than before the war.

New word: turnip = Rüben

With what was the bread replaced?

1. It was replaced by dried turnips.

2. It wasn´t replaced because they can´t replace it

3. It wasn’t replaced because they had enough bread

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5. Discoveries in the Victorian Era : Swan Light

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5. Discoveries in the Victorian Era : Swan Light

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In 1850 the English physicist Sir Joseph Wilson Swan (born in 1828) began working on a light bulb using carbonised paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb.
By 1860 he was able to demonstrate a working device, but this was still an inefficient bulb with a small, uncontinued lifetime. Later Joseph Swan was determined to devise a practical, long-lasting electric light. He decided to use cotton to produce "parchmentised thread" and obtained British Patent 4933 on 27 November 1880. His home was the first house in the world to be illuminated by electric light. On December 28th 1881, Swan's electric lighting was used to light the stage of the Savoy Theatre.

New vocabulary:
physicist = Physiker
bulb = Birne
filaments = Glühfaden
evacuated = entleert
device = Gerät
cotton = Baumwolle
parchmentised thread = Pergamentfaden
to obtain= erhalten

Quiz
What did Swan use to produce parchmentised thread?
A: carbonised paper
B: cotton
C: flame of fire

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On the 4th August 1914 Britain declared war on Germany. The whole war took 4 years. The war ended on the 11th November 1918. The Great War became later the so-called First World War with many involved countries for example Britain, Austria, Germany, France, United States of America. As in other wars there was spying too during the Great War to get secret information about the enemy on the other side. That was dangerous but also important. Spies used different techniques to hide and transport secrets, for example tins, pigeon message capsules, cigar packages, cryptography or other things. The Great War claimed more than 20 million victims worldwide, soldiers and civilists as well.
Quiz: What do you think is shown on the picture?

A. A package of the oldest preserved cigars in the world

B. A hiding place for secret messages

C. Scruffy hot dogs

New vocabulary
declare – erklären

involved – beteiligt

spying – Spionage

spies – Spione

tin – Dose

pigeon – Brieftaube

capsule – Kapsel

claim – fordern

preserved - erhalten

scruffy - vergammelt

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3. Fashion and Make-Up in the Victorian Era

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3. Fashion and Make-Up in the Victorian Era

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The poor Victorian women wore...
1.     dresses made of wool or cotton

2.     dresses made from expensive materials

3.     dresses that had dark colors

In the Victorian era, every piece of clothing bought had to be specially made for the person, which is why clothes were very expensive. Not every woman could afford a new, colorful, flowery dress, so the poor Victorian bought their clothes from a Second-Hand shop. The clothes in the Second-Hand shops were made of wool or cotton and had dark colors. Many couldn´t afford to buy shoes. Rich men often wore a waist coat and a top hat, but poor men wore flat caps. Rich men used a walking stick and took a pocket watch with them. Children usually wore miniature versions of adult clothing. Boys wore dresses until they were about five years old.

New vocabulary

piece = Stück

afford = sich leisten

flowery = blumig

Second-Hand shops = Läden, die gebrauchte Kleider verkaufen

wool = Wolle:

cotton = Baumwolle

waist coat = Weste

flat = flach

pocket watch = Taschenuhr

miniature = Kleinausgabe

adult = Erwachsene

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After the victory over France, GB was the last country in the west that the Germans had not yet conquered. Before 1940 Hitler promised to not attack GB. But with Operation Sea Lion (Seelöwe), the Germans wanted to prepare the invasion of the British Isles. It started on July 10, 1940 and ended in late October 1940.

The Germans had three air fleets available for the attack. However, the English were well prepared for defense through air warn systems.

In the first phase of the air battle, the Germans attacked ships in the English Channel (Ärmelkanal)during the day and targets inland at night. The first major attack with 200 bombers took place on August 12. They fired at radar stations in Portland and Dover. On August 15 - The Greatest Day - the German Wehrmacht suffered a major defeat in the attack on the north of England. On September 7, 1940, the German aviator’s bombed London without the desired result. Hitler then decided to end Operation Sea Lion. Nevertheless, the German Air Force bombed the city of Coventry and London on December 29, 1940, which cost many lives.

New vocabulary
victory=Sieg    Conquered= Erobert    promised=versprochen     air fleets=luft flotten    available=verfügbar     major=Haupt

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medieval = Mittelalterlich

portraiture – Porträtmalerei

papestries = Wandteppich

semi-bearded = Halbträger

accentuated = akzenturieren

court = Gericht

Quiz

Name one famous artist from the time

What types of art was the most popular at the time?
What was improved from the previous Tudor architecture compared to the new one?

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2. Shakespeare – A playwright in the times of the Tudors

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2. Shakespeare – A playwright in the times of the Tudors

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William Shakespeare is one of the most famous playwright. He was born 26.04.1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon.  He married at the age of 18 years Anne Hathaway. She was 8 years older than him. They had 3 children.  He worked as an author, actor and as a theater operator in the famous Globe theater. This was at the time of the reign of Elizabeth I of England. She was the last queen of the Tudor house. One of Shakespeare´s most famous historically dramas is about her father “Henry VIII”.  He wrote more than 35 Plays, like “Romeo and Juliet” and many Comedies. William Shakespeare died 23. April 1616 in Stratford-upon-Avon.

New vocabulary:

Playwright - Dramatiker/ Theaterautor

theater operator – Theaterbetreiber

historically dramas – historische Dramen

Plays – Theaterstücke

Comedies - Komödien

QUIZ

Who was Elizabeth I?

1. the first queen of England

2. the last queen of the Tudor house

3. the queen of England today

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4. Food and Nutrition in the Victorian Era (1837)

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4. Food and Nutrition in the Victorian Era (1837)

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At the beginning of the time there was a famine called the „potato blight“. As a result, millions of Irish die das Irland was particulary hard hit. The agricultural workers of the „working class“ only ate potatos,bread and porridge; after the 19th century, working families could eat meat once a week if they had at least one male earner in the houshold. Families of factury workers in Lancashire ate for example bacon,syrup and bread.

earner = Verdiener
Did everyone eat meat at that time after the 19th century?
a) … no, just nobles

b) … no, only factory workers

c) …yes, but the working class only had meat once week.

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During the first world war begins the Senat of the United Kingdom still debate if they should intervent or not. The Gouverment give Germany an ultimatum which the Germans ignore. After the Germans invaded Belgium, the British Empire attacked Germany.

Orginally the Britain wanted to attack Russia, but they thought it will be better if they fought with them and not against them .

The British got many new inventions like the tank, the poison Gas and the MG. But the science of mediciene wasn´t good as today so if anyone got after the battle a trauma the doctor called him weak.

After the War the british empire got 1 million death soldiers and millions of wounded people.

When did the British attack Germany?

a) After the Germans Invaded Belgium

b) After the Russians fought America

c) After the Germans invaded Russia

Difficult words: woundet, debate, Gouvermen

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How many children were sent abroad by their parents?

a) 10000

b) 9354

c) 524

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Which city the German bombed on December 29.?

A       London

B       Dover

C       Portland

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9354 Jewish children were sent between 1938 and 1939 by their parents as a last resort to countries such as Britain, Sweden, Holland and Belgium to escape Nazi persecution. The children came from Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, Vienna and Prague. They lived with foster families, in hostels, in boarding schools, on farms, in convents or with their extended families. The children were aged from infants to teenagers. They travelled by train or by boat and a very small number travelled by plane.

Difficult words:

Jewish: Jüdisch

resort: Ausweg

persecution: Verfolgung

boarding Schools: Internat

convents: Kloster

extended: erweitert

infants: Kleinkind