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Canis simensis (Ethiopian Wolf)

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The Ethiopian Wolf is a member of the canid family, they are lean and slender with a reddish brown coat. They have white underbellies, jaws, and throats. They also have a black stripe down their bushy tails, with black hairs at the tip. They have pointed ears like foxes. Female wolves are smaller and have paler fur. They grow up to 3 feet

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The graph shows the negative trend of the Ethiopian Wolf population, in 1994, it was listed as critically endangered, then moved down to endangered in 2004, but since then the population has continued to decreased.

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“Monitoring & Research | Ethiopian Wolf.” Ethiopianwolf.org, 2020, www.ethiopianwolf.org/monitoring. Accessed 8 Dec. 2020.

Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio, and Jorgelina Marino. “IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Canis Simensis.” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Name, 2020, www.iucnredlist.org/species/3748/10051312#assessment-information. Accessed 8 Dec. 2020.

“Canis Simensis (Ethiopian Wolf).” Animal Diversity Web, 2020, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Canis_simensis/#physical_description. Accessed 8 Dec. 2020.

Feeding Habits - The Ethiopian Wolf. “Feeding Habits - The Ethiopian Wolf.” Google.com, 2015, sites.google.com/site/theethiopianwolfsg2015/tasks. Accessed 8 Dec. 2020.

“Africa’s Most Endangered Carnivore.” African Wildlife Foundation, 2020, www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/ethiopian-wolf. Accessed 8 Dec. 2020.

Graphs - Ethiopian Wolf. “Graphs - Ethiopian Wolf.” Google.com, 2020, sites.google.com/a/bluedemons.org/ethiopianwolf/graphs. Accessed 8 Dec. 2020.

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The Ethiopian Wolf is a highly restricted species, only occurring in terrestrial systems, mainly in grasslands and mountainous areas. The wolves are only found in the Afroalpine zone of Ethiopia. The wolves prefer open shrublands where there are many rodents for prey, but are restricted to higher altitudes from subsistence farming.

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Endangered; B1ab(iii,v); C1 + 2A(i); D

B1ab(iii,v)- means there are less than 5000 in extent of occurrence, the population is severely fragmented, and is continuing in the decline in both area/quality of habitat and the number of mature adults in the species.

C1 + 2A(i)- means there is a projected decline of 20% in 5 years or in 2 generations. It is projected that there will be less than 250 mature adults in each subpopulation.

D- means there are less that 250 mature adults in their species.

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Currently the population count of Ethiopian wolves is monitored. There are many protected places for the species, including: Bale Mountains National Park; Simien Mountains National Park; Borena Saiynt Regional Park (South Wollo); Guassa Community Conservation Area (North Shoa); Arsi Mountains Regional Park. If someone kills an Ethiopian wolf, they could be sentenced up to two years.  In Bale National Park, researchers and park rangers have taken initiative to protect the wolves in many ways: vaccinations, sterilizing hybrid wolves, strengthening the protection of the park, surveying, monitoring, and a workshop held to strategize wolf conservation. The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme was also established in 1995, where researchers patrol, monitor, and study the wolves.

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Some threats contributing to the endangered status of the Ethiopian wolves are agriculture, diseases, and roads/railroads. In Ethiopia, there are expanding populations which calls for increased agriculture, this contributes to habitat loss for the wolves. A large percentage of wolves are also being killed from rabies and canine distemper viruses because of the close nature of the packs and easy spreading of diseases. Roads and railroads being built cause the splitting of populations and also contribute to deaths of wolves, from being hit by vehicles.

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Ethiopian wolves are top predators in their environment; they are on the third or fourth trophic level, as a secondary or tertiary consumer. Ethiopian wolves eat giant mole-rats, grass-rats, and goslings, along with other small rodents found in grasslands.