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Brief summary

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PPTS on election system and political parties

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PPTS on election system and political parties

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1PBX-CIbZnRoPxzmrCSWVroXifPBPsx8QrEw-AAmfQjU/edit?usp=sharing

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Support for up to 2 children

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Important facts

You'll be entitled to an additional amount for any child born before 6 April 2017.

Universal Credit will no longer pay you an additional amount for a third or subsequent child born on or after 6 April 2017, unless special circumstances apply.

For example, if you're already claiming Universal Credit, have responsibility for 2 children and you then give birth to a new child, you won't get an additional amount of Universal Credit for that new child, unless special circumstances apply.

You'll still be entitled to additional support in respect of any disabled children, even if you aren't getting an additional child amount of Universal Credit for the disabled child.

You may still be entitled to help with childcare costs for any of your children, even if you don't get the additional child amount of Universal Credit for all of your children.

When we refer to a 'child' in this guidance we mean a person:

Making a new claim to Universal Credit

Universal Credit will accept new claims from families regardless of how many children you have. If you're making a new claim, Universal Credit will pay an additional amount for all children born before 6 April 2017.

Any special circumstances that applied in a previous award of Universal Credit, Child Tax Credit, Income Support or Jobseeker's Allowance will continue to apply in your new Universal Credit award, unless the conditions for that exception are no longer met.

Special circumstances

We call these special circumstances "exceptions".

If you're responsible for a third or subsequent child and they meet the criteria for the multiple births or non-consensual conception exceptions listed below, you may get the additional child amount of Universal Credit for that child.

You may also be able to get an exception for any children in your household who meet the criteria for the non-parental care or adoption exceptions. This will not affect any amounts you may be able to get for any other children in your household.

Multiple births

You can get extra Universal Credit for your third and subsequent children if they are born as part of a multiple birth, apart from one child in that birth. This means the exception applies to the additional children in that birth.

For example, if you're already getting additional amounts of Universal Credit for 2 existing children, then you have twins, we'll pay an extra additional child amount of Universal Credit for one of those twins (meaning that in total you'll be entitled to an amount for 3 out of your 4 children).

Where the first child of the multiple birth is either the first or second child in the household, we'll pay a child amount for all the children born as part of the multiple birth.

Adopted children

Since 28 November 2018, the policy for when we'll pay for children who are adopted has changed.

If you're responsible for a child or children through adoption then you'll be able to receive an additional amount for these children. This will not affect any amounts you may get for any other children in your household.

The exception will usually apply from the date you become responsible for the adopted child.

This could be the date of formal adoption, or the date of placement, depending on when parental responsibility for the child passes to you. You'll need to provide us with supporting documents for any adopted child or children who live with you.

You can't get an additional amount for an adopted child if they are adopted from abroad, or you or your partner were their parent or step-parent immediately before you adopted them.

Children living with family and friends in non-parental caring arrangements

Since 28 November 2018, the policy for when we'll pay for children in non-parental caring arrangements has changed.

If you're responsible for a child or children as part of non-parental caring arrangement then you'll be able to receive an additional amount for these children. This will not affect any amounts you may get for any other children in your household.

You can get an additional amount for any child or children who are living with you as part of either:

a formal caring arrangement

an informal caring arrangement, where it is likely they would otherwise be looked after by a local authority

DWP will also pay an additional child amount where a child in your household (under 16) has a child of their own, who you're responsible for.

Friend or family carers: formal caring

If you're responsible for a child or children as part of a formal caring arrangement then you may be able to receive an additional amount for these children. This will not affect any amounts you may get for any other children in your household.

You can get an additional amount for any child or children if you care for them under a formal caring arrangement, for example:

a child arrangements order

a guardianship order

a special guardianship order

you're appointed as a guardian (in Scotland)

a kinship care order (in Scotland)

a permanence order (in Scotland)

The exception also applies if one of these formal arrangements was in place but ended on the child's 16th birthday, as long as you have continued to be responsible for them since.

Friend or family carers: informal caring

If you're responsible for a child or children as part of an informal caring arrangement then you may be able to receive an additional amount for these children. This will not affect any amounts you may get for any other children in your household.

The exception will only apply if it's likely that the child would otherwise be looked after by a local authority.

You'll need to provide supporting documents from a local authority social worker using the IC1 support for a child who is informally living with you form.

This exception will not apply if you, or your partner, are a parent or a step-parent of the child.

Friend or family carers: under 16s who have a child

This exception applies where a child under 16 who you're responsible for becomes the parent of a child. You may get additional Universal Credit for the new child if they are also within your household. This will not affect the amount you may get for any other children in your household.

You'll continue to get the additional amount until the young parent either:

is aged 16 and is able to claim Universal Credit, or

leaves your household, leaving their child in your care, unless another exception applies

Children likely to have been conceived as a result of a non-consensual sexual act (including rape), or at a time when the claimant was subject to ongoing control or coercion by the other biological parent of the child

You can get additional Universal Credit for third or subsequent children in your household who are likely to have been conceived as a result of a sexual act to which you didn't or couldn't consent.

This relates to a child who either:

is likely to have been born as a result of a non-consensual conception (including rape)

was conceived at or around a time when your relationship with the other biological parent of the child was abusive and you were subject to ongoing control or coercion

In order to qualify for this exception (for a third or subsequent child) you must no longer be living with the child's biological parent and you'll be asked to confirm this.

We recognise that the handling of this exception is extremely sensitive. However, it is very important to have this exception in place to support you if you're in this position.

DWP staff will not question you about the incident other than to receive the claim and the supporting information. Any information received will be handled in accordance with the rules that DWP already use for holding and using extremely sensitive information.

You can find further information in the DWP personal information charter.

This exception may apply where there has been a conviction for rape or for controlling or coercive behaviour, or where you have received a Criminal injuries Compensation Payment, but there doesn't need to have been a court case or a conviction. If you have information about either a conviction or payment, we can use this to support your application for this exception.

If you don't already have documents to support this exception you'll be able to fill in a support for a child conceived without your consent form. You can do this with help from organisations or individuals such as:

healthcare professionals, for example, doctors, nurses, midwives or health visitors

registered social workers

specific organisations, such as specialist rape charities - find a list of these organisations

They'll need to provide confirmation that your circumstances are consistent with the exception criteria. You'll not be placed in the position of having to give details about the circumstances of the conception to DWP staff.

Even where you can't get this confirmation, please contact your work coach. They will be able to help you get the third party support you need.

If you've been affected by a crime, domestic abuse or have found this information distressing, there's support available for you.

If you need to talk to someone please contact one of the following organisations:

You may find the Victim's Information Service website useful for locating support in your local area.

Applying for an exception

When you tell us about a new child in your household, you'll be given information about the exceptions. You can tell us about a new child by using your Universal Credit online account or calling the Universal Credit helpline.

If one of the exceptions applies to the new child, this is what you'll need to do:

Multiple birth

Tell DWP if you want to apply for this exception either by phone or using your Universal Credit online account.

If you contact us by phone you may be asked to supply us with the relevant original birth certificates.

If you contact us using your online account, we'll call you and you may be asked to supply us with the relevant birth certificates.

You can either supply the birth certificates to your work coach or send them to the address below. When we've seen the birth certificates we'll return them to you.

Adopted children

Tell DWP if you want to apply for this exception either by phone or using your Universal Credit online account.

If you contact us by phone you may be asked to supply us with the relevant supporting documents, for example, an adoption certificate.

If you're in the process of adopting a child and an adoption certificate is not available, you'll need to provide written supporting documents from a social worker.

This must include the:

date the child was placed with you

name of the child

names of the adoptive parents

If you contact us using your online account, we'll call you and you may be asked to supply us with the relevant supporting documents.

You can either supply the documents to your work coach or send it to the address below. When we've seen the relevant adoption documents, we'll return it to you.

Friend or family carers: formal care

Tell DWP if you want to apply for this exception either by phone or using your Universal Credit online account.

If you contact DWP by phone you may be asked to supply us with the relevant supporting documents, for example, child arrangements order or proof of guardianship.

If you contact DWP via your online account, they'll call you and you may be asked to supply us with the relevant supporting documents, as above.

You can either supply the supporting documents of formal care to your work coach or send it to the address below. When we've seen these, we'll return it to you.

To apply for this exception you'll need to supply us with supporting documents of this arrangement, for example a child arrangements order.

Friend or family carers: informal care

Tell DWP if you want to apply for this exception either by phone or using your Universal Credit online account.

If you contact us by phone or using your online account you'll be asked to download the IC1 support for a child who is informally living with you form.

If you don't have internet access you can collect the form from your work coach, or DWP can post the form to you.

You'll need to complete the form along with a social worker. The social worker will need to confirm that it is likely the child you are informally caring for would otherwise be looked after by a local authority.

You can either give the form to your work coach or send it to the address below.

Friend or family carers: child of a child

To apply for this exception you'll need to supply us with information of this arrangement, for example a birth certificate.

Where to send exception documents

Children likely to have been conceived as a result of a non-consensual sexual act (including rape), or at a time when you were subject to ongoing control or coercion by the other parent of the child

Tell DWP if you want to apply for this exception either by phone or using your Universal Credit online account.

If you contact us by phone or using your online account, and you don't already have any supporting documents, you'll be asked to download the support for a child conceived without your consent form. If you don't have internet access you can collect the form from your work coach.

You'll need to complete the form along with your chosen third party professional.

In order to apply for this exception you must no longer be living with the other biological parent of the child.

You'll need to give the form to your work coach, don't post the form to DWP.

DWP staff won't question you about the incident other than to take the claim and receive the supporting documents.

Where you can't get all the supporting documents you should contact your work coach for help.

More information

Free school meals and other passported benefits for children won't be affected.

You should continue to report the birth of a child and any changes in your circumstances involving children or young people, so you don't miss out on benefits.

Since 28 November 2018, the policy for when we'll pay for children in non-parental caring arrangements and children who are adopted has changed.

If either or both of the first or second children in your household are in one of these circumstances, and you have a third or subsequent child who you weren't receiving a child amount for, you should contact DWP to let them know that you've been affected by the change.

The Universal Credit first child premium will only be payable for a household responsible for a child born before 6 April 2017.

Further and more detailed information on the support for a maximum of 2 children.

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Universal Credit: support for a maximum of 2 children: information for claimants

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You'll be entitled to an additional amount for any child born before 6 April 2017. Universal Credit will no longer pay you an additional amount for a third or subsequent child born on or after 6 April 2017, unless special circumstances apply.

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Why are so many children living in poverty in the UK? - BBC Newsnight

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social welfare can merely support these families which no parents work, but it's better than to go to work, especially when there are younger kids needing intensive care

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Why Work? Welfare addiction in handout hungry UK

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Why are England's schools at breaking point?

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NHS. Who fund it? which organizations run it? How has it changed over the years? How will it change in the future?

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NHS. Who fund it? which organizations run it? How has it changed over the years? How will it change in the future?

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An overly detailed but pretty short and informative video at the end of the page. Watch if interested

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-NHS (National Health Service)--key part of social welfare systems of the UK. Great civic pride in the NUS. debate point between the two major parties, conservative and labour

-Public housing--increased urbanization has created more of a demand for public housing assistance

-Education and Childcare in general--more emphasis on publicly funded schools in changing economy

-Programs for elderly--politicians that threaten to reduce these plans could face major loss of votes because of the large elderly and soon to be elderly population

Austerity in the UK

-from 2010-2019, the Conservative governments of Cameron, May and Johnson

have adopted austerity measures. It was utilized in response to the rising
budget deficit caused by the global economic meltdown

-slash social welfare programs and raise taxes

-limited cuts on National Health Device, but significant cuts to public housing,

welfare payments, social serous and QUANGOS

-turned people against Conservatives, led increase in poverty, homelessness and

unemployment

-despite austerity, the Conservatives have won the last 3 parliamentary elections

in 2015, 2017, and 2019

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notes by KK

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https://www.parliament.uk/

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Q: How do they get to the office?
What are their terms?
How many chambers are in the UK Parliament?

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Explained: Why does Britain still have a Royal family?

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Brexit explained: Boris Johnson's new trade deal with the EU

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vAIndbBDjJVyaMtDfoBsOv_PEFf7sfXP/view?usp=sharing

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great video about devolution in the UK and the role of Brexit in calls for independence

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Scottish independence: could Britain break up?

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Qs about local government:
How autonomous are state and local governments?

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https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-150821144047-lva1-app6891/95/sources-of-the-uk-constitution-3-638.jpg?cb=1440168106

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Judiciary in UK

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Does Britain need a written constitution after Brexit?

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Qs about the judicial branch:
What's the status of the rule of law?
How independent and how active is it?

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Basic Qs regarding the institutional structure:

The Executive branch

Who is the HoS? HoG? Who is the dominant executive?
How do they get to the office?  (Who can run? How do they get elected or selected?)
Are there term limits?
What are their powers?
Are there checks on their power? Which ones?
Can they be removed? How?

The Legislative branch

How do they get to the office? (Who can run? How do they get elected or selected?)
What are their terms?
What are their powers? (on paper and in reality)
Are there checks on their power? Which ones?
Can they be removed? How?

The Judicial branch

How independent and how active is it?
What's the status of the rule of law?

The military
What's the role of the military? independent?

State and local govs
How autonomous are state and local govs?