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In early 1960, four African American young adults began a peaceful protest in Greensboro, North Carolina. They were refused service but sat there waiting to be served. After this, many sit-in's occurred throughout the South. The people believed that if the White people were the one's causing violence, more people would support the cause.

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Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil were the four college students who began this nonviolent protest on February 1st, 1960.

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Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil

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Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil

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These four college students attended North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College. They were influenced by Ghandi and the Freedom Rides to do this peaceful protest.

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February 1st, 1960 - The first sit-in in Greensboro, North Carolina.

April 1960 - A leadership conference was held which led to the creation of the SNCC.

July 1960 - The Woolworth in Greensboro was desegregated.

1960-1961 - Many diners and restaurants started to desegregate due to the protests.

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Peterson v. City of Greenville:
This court case held 10 African American men guilty of going to a "closed" lunch counter. The men were arrested for violating state trespass statue. The man who sent for police actually just did not want to serve them because it would have been against "local customs." The case, which happened 3 years after the first sit-in, was like a step backwards. People were still not allowed to eat places because of race.

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How It Effected Groups Involved in the Civil Rights Movement

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How It Effected Groups Involved in the Civil Rights Movement

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The start of sit-ins influenced and encouraged a lot of people. Many groups used this tactic throughout the United States. This tactic also inspired other people to support the Civil Rights Movement. The peaceful protest showed people that African Americans were not at fault. The white people were the ones who started the fights normally.

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This Political Cartoon takes place in Woolworth. On the African American man's side, his paper states that he is a peaceful man with no harmful intentions. He has neat hand writing and spelling. He is also smiling at the white man. The white man's paper is full of sloppy hand writing and misspelled words. He is frowning at the black man. The black man gives no reason for this dirty look he is receiving, but the white man comes still refuses to accept him.

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The key strategy used in this movement was nonviolence. These sit-ins were peaceful and required great perseverance.

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SNCC - The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was formed by African American students from the North and the South. This group organized many marches, freedom rides, and sit ins. It became a very important part of the Civil Rights Movement.

CORE - The Congress On Racial Equality was a group of students mainly from the North. This group also help organize sit-ins and many other acts for rights.

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The first and 14th amendment were violated. The peaceful protesting many times led to arrests and the protesters being beaten or harmed. The 14th amendment said that any person, regardless of race, should never be denied basic rights.

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https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/sit-ins

https://www.ushistory.org/us/54d.asp

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/the-greensboro-sit-in