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Both present perfect and past perfect are talking about actions that happened before specific points of time. However, present perfect and past perfect are different. Present perfect started in the past and continues to the present, while past perfect happened before a specific time in the past.

Present Perfect

·       Definition: An action that started in the past and continues to the present. The reference point is the present.

·       Formula: S + have/has + past participle

·       Example: I have volunteered in several schools since I started junior high school.

Past Perfect

·       Definition: An action that happened before a specific time in the past. The reference point is the past.

·       Formula: S + had + past participle

·       Example: After I’d volunteered in several schools, I worked on my community and service report.

·       “I had” is commonly used as “I’d”

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1. Present Perfect

Used to describe an event/deed that had been done in the past (time indefinite) and still to do with the present time.

Statement

Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

Example : My mother has already ordered the cake for the party.

Negative

Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Object

Example : Our teachers haven't informed the date of the test.

Question

Has/have + Subject + V3 + Object + ?

Example : Have your sisters graduated from High School?

Time Signals

- already
- since
- for

2. Past Perfect

Is used to describe a deed which was done when another event occurred.

Statement

Subject + had + V3 + Object

Example : When I reached the station, the train had left.

Negative

Subject + had + not + V3 + Object

Example : I hadn't spoken English in the seminar.

Question

Had + Subject + V3 + Object + ?

Example : Had he taken a bath in my bathroom?

Time Signals

- when
- as soon as
- until/till

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT & PAST PERFECT

Present/Past Perfect
-In the present perfect, Our reference point is the present
-In the past Perfect, Our reference point is in the past

Present Perfect

An action that started in the past and continues to the present

Example: I have lived in this city for six months.

An action that happened before now (unspecified time)

Example: I have been to japan twice.
Rumus:

(+) I/You/We/They + have + verb 3

(+) He/She/It + has + verb 3

Example: -They have lived in Surabaya for a long time.
-He has seen the new movie yet.

(-) I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3

(-) He/She/It + has + not + verb 3

Example: -They haven't lived in Surabaya for a long time.
-He hasn't seen the new movie yet.

(?) Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3?

(?) Has + He/She/It + verb 3?

Example: -Have they lived in Surabaya for a long time?
-Has he seen the new movie yet?

Past Perfect

An action that happened before a time in the past

Example: When I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before.

Rumus:

(+) Subjek + had + verb 3

Example: She had written.

(-) Subjek + had + not + verb 3

Example: She hadn't written.

(?) Had + subjek + verb 3?

Example: Had she written?
It's common to use the contraction 'd in the past perfect: I'd traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20 years old.

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The different between present perfect and  past perfect

PRESENT PERFECT

It use for something already occurred. present perfect use verb 3 with (have, has, been) present perfect is usually used with time. ex : since last week, for a day and others

◉ example sentence with have :
(+) I have met my old friend
(-) I haven't met my old friend
(?) Have i met my old friend?

◉ example sentence with has :
(+) She has come
(-) She hasn't come
(?) Has she come?

◉ example sentence with been :
(+) She has been here for 1 hour

PAST PERFECT

Past perfect use for usually used to combine 2 events into 1 sentence. it use had with verb 3. it means :what happened and what happened before something happened

◉ example sentence :
(1) Icha prayed maghrib at 6 pm
(2) Icha took a bath at 6.30 pm

=> Icha had prayed maghrib before she took a bath.
or it could be :
=>> Icha took a bath after she had prayed maghrib

◉ example sentence with compoun sentence :
My mom was a MC (it use noun)
My mom was a chef

=> My mom had been a MC before she was a chef

Both Present Perfect and past perfect, talk about something that happened before, a point in time.

# data[].attributes.body
Present perfect and past present talk about something that happened before point in time (reference point).

In the present perfect, our reference point is the present.

In the past present, our reference point is the past.

PRESENT PERFECT

An action that started in the past and continues to the present.

An action that happened before now (unspecified time).

Example for present perfect : She has forgetten her folder.

The form of the present perfect :
(+) S + have/has + past participle
(-) S + have not /has not+ past participle
(?) Have/Has + S + past participle + ?

PAST PERFECT

An action that happened before time in the past.

Example for past perfect : Sara had eaten the cake before we got home.

The form of past perfect :
(+) S + had + past participle

(-) S + had not + past participle
(?) Had + S + past participle

In the past perfect it's common to use the contraction 'd' :
I'd traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20 years old.

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perfect tense definition
Present perfect tense is a form of verb used to express an action or situation that started in the past and still continues until now or has been completed at a certain time in the past but the effect is still ongoing.

Rumus :
Positif (+)
- I/You/We/They + have + verb 3
- He/She/It + has + verb 3
Negatif (-)
- I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3
- He/She/It + has + not + verb 3
Interogatif (?)
- Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3?
- Has + He/She/It + verb 3?

# data[].attributes.body
Present perfect tense is a form of verb used to express an action or situation that started in the past and is still continuing until now or has been completed at a certain point in time in the past but the effect is still ongoing.

The present perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb have or has, and the past participle (verb-3). Have is used for I, you, and plural subjects such as:

Plural pronouns (they, we)
Plural nouns (boys, men)
Compound subject with the conjunction “and” (you and I, Tom and Jack)
While has for singular subject, like:

Third-person singular pronoun (he, she, it)
Singular noun (Tom, man).
The past participle is formed by adding -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne to the base form of a regular verb. In the base form in the form of an irregular verb, the past participle is inconsistent.

The past perfect, also called the pluperfect, is a verb tense used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past.

The past perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb "had", and the past participle (verb-3).

Had is used for both singular and plural subjects.

While the past participle is formed by adding –ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne to the base form in the form of a regular verb.

In the base form in the form of an irregular verb, the past participle is inconsistent.

In the past perfect, the formula is divided into 3 according to the type of sentence, including:

•Positive sentence (S + had + past participle (V-3))
Example:
My brother had slept
They had come

•Negative sentence (S + had + not + past participle (V-3))
Example:
My brother hadn't slept
They hadn't come

•Interrogative sentence / interrogative sentence (Had + S + past participle (V-3))
Example:
Had my brother slept?
Had they come?

# data[].attributes.body
Present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. In the present perfect, our reference point is the present and in the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

PRESENT PERFECT

An action that started in the past and continues to the present.

example: I have lived in this city for six months.

An action that happened before now (unspecified time)

example: I have been to Japan twice.

The form of present perfect:

HAVE / HAS + past participle

PAST PERFECT : An action that happened before a time in the past

The form of past perfect: HAD + past participle

Example:  I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.

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The difference between Present perfect and Past perfect

Both Present Perfect and past perfect, talk about something that happened before, a point in time.

PRESENT PERFECT

We can use the present perfect for an action that started in the past and continues to the present.

Ex. I have lived in the city for six months. That means I started living in this city six months ago and I still live in this city, in the present.

We can also use the present perfect for an action that happened before without specifying the time.

Ex. I have been to Japan twice. ( This happened before now, but I don't say specifically when I traveled there. )

The form of the present perfect has or have plus the past participle.

We can also use the short form of has and have. For example ;

1. I’ve been to Japan three times.

2. My mother's just gone to the store.

PAST PERFECT

past perfect is used for an action that happened before a time in the past.

Ex. when I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before.

( We have had several actions in the past. Arriving at the office happened in the past in the morning, and leaving my computer on, also happened in the past before arriving at the office, so we use the past perfect. )

It's also common to use the short form the contraction ( ‘d ) In the past perfect. For example, I’d traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20 years old.

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difference between present perfect and past perfect

both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time ( reference point )
- in the present perfect our reference point is the present
- in the past perfect our reference point is in the past

A. present perfect
• for an action that started in the past and continues to the present , example :  I have lived in this city for six months ( that means I started living in this city six months ago and I still live in this city in the present )
• an action that happened before now , example : I have been to Japan twice
- the form of the present perfect is have or has + past participle here examples :
- my mother has just gone to the store
- janet has lived abroad for five years
- I haven't seen the new movie yet
- have you finished your homework
-  I've been to Japan three times
- my mother's just gone to the store
- Janet's lived abroad for five years

B. past perfect
for an action that happened before a time in the past example : when I arrived at the office this morning I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before
the form of the past perfect is had + the past participle
Examples
1. I went to Japan in 1988 and 1991
2. I turned 10 years old in 1994
I could say I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.
Another examples :
1. my husband ate breakfast at 6 a.m. and later
2. I woke up at 7 a.m.
I could say when I woke up this morning my husband had already eaten breakfast

*it's common to use the short form the contraction apostrophe D in the past perfect for example I'd traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20 years old

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Present/Past Perfect
Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

~ Present Perfect
• An action that started in the past and continues to the present.
• An action that happened before now (unspecified time).
~ Present/Past Perfect
• In the present perfect, our reference point is the present.
• In the past perfect, our reference point in the past.
~ Present Perfect
Have/Has + past participle
~ Past Perfect
Had + past participle

# data[].attributes.body
Present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. In the present perfect, our reference point is the present and in the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

Present perfect: can used to an action that started in the past and continues to the present or an action that happened before now

Example • i have been to japan twice

Present Perfect :

·         Our reference point in the present.

·         An action that started in the past and continues to the present

·         Have/Has + past participle

The present perfect tense formula is: have/has + past participle.

The formula for the past perfect tense is had + [past participle].

The present perfect is often used for an action that started at some time in the past and is still continuing now.

The past perfect shows the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action.

# data[].attributes.body
The present perfect is used to show an event or activity that has occurred at an unspecified time while the past perfect is used to express an activity or event that took place before another activity took place in the past.

The present perfect tense formula is: have/has + past participle.

The formula for the past perfect tense is had + [past participle].

The present perfect is often used for an action that started at some time in the past and is still continuing now.

The past perfect shows the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action.

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Present perfect and pas perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

> Present Perfect

Positive Sentence
I/You/We/They + have + verb 3
(I have a piece of paper to you)
He/She/It + has + verb 3
(She has learned France for 6 month)

Negative Sentence
I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3
(I have not a piece of paper to you)

He/She/It + has + not + verb 3
(She has not learned France for 6 month)

Introgative Sentence
Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3?
(Have you need a piece of paper?)
Has + He/She/It + verb 3?
(Has she learned France for 6 month?)

> Past Perfect
Positive Sentence
Subject + had + verb 3
(The film had already begun)
Negative Sentence
Subject + had + not + verb 3
(The film had not already begun)
Introgative Sentence

Had + Subject + verb 3?

(Had the film already begun?)

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Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point). But the difference is, in present perfect, our reference point is the present. And in the past perfect our reference point is the past.

Present Perfect
• We can use it for an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
I have run for an hour.
or
• An action that happened before now (unspecified time)
I have been to Italy twice.

The form of present perfect:
S + Have/Has + Past participle

Past Perfect:
• We can use it for an action that happened before time in the past.

The form of past perfect:
S + Had + past participle

EX:
• I had sent you an email.
• My husband had already arrived in the morning.

It's also common to use the contraction 'd in the past perfect:
They'd all arrived by 9 o'clock.

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present perfect and past perfect

Present perfect tense is used to show events or activities that have occurred at an unspecified time while the past perfect is used to express activities or events that occurred before other activities took place in the past (past).

The present perfect:
Have/Has + Past Participle

The past perfect:
Had + Past Participle

These examples will make this point clearer:

I have never played the piano before an audience in my life.

(This means that up until now, this has been my experience.)

When I auditioned for the music scholarship, I had never played the piano before an audience.

(Meaning: the first time I played before an audience was in my audition.)

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Present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. In the present perfect, our reference point is the present and in the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

Present Perfect: can used to an action that started in the past and continues to the present or an action that happened before now.
Example: - I have been to Japan twice

Pas Perfect: can used to an action that happened before a time in the past.
Example: - I went to Japan in 1988 and 1991

# data[].attributes.body
present perfect and past perfect are both about something that happened before a point in time, what makes it different is that the present perfect have the reference point in the present meanwhile past perfect obviously in the past.

you can use present perfect for an action that started in the past and continues to the present or an action that happened before now ( unspecified time).

you can use past perfect for an action that happened before a time in the past.

the form of the present tense is: HAVE / HAS + past participle
for example, i haven't seen the movie yet.

the form of past perfect is: HAD + past participle
for example, i had been to japan twice by the time i wa 10 years old.

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-Present Perfect and
Past Perfect-

Talk about something
that happened before
a point in time.

Present Perfect =

our reference point

in the present.

An action that

started in the past and
continues to the
present

An action that

happened before now
(unspecified time)

Have/Has + past

participle

Past Perfect =

our reference point

in the past

An action that

happened before a
time in the past

Had + past participle

It's common to use

the contraction 'd in
the past perfect

# data[].attributes.body
Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

In the present perfect, our reference point is the present.

In the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

Present Perfect

An action that started in the past and continues to the present.
I have lived in this city for six months.

An action that happened before now (unspecified time)
I have been to Japan twice.

HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT:

HAVE / HAS + past participle

EXAMPLES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT:

My mother has just gone to the store.

Janet has lived abroad for five years.

I haven’t seen the new movie yet.

Have you finished your homework?

It’s very common to use the contractions ‘ve and ‘s in the present perfect:

I’ve been to Japan three times.

My mother’s just gone to the store.

Janet’s lived abroad for five years.

Past Perfect

An action that happened before a time in the past
When I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before.

HOW TO FORM THE PAST PERFECT:

HAD + past participle

SITUATIONS WHERE YOU WOULD USE THE PAST PERFECT:

Situation:

1. I went to Japan in 1988 and 1991.

2. I turned 10 years old in 1994.

Past perfect sentence:

I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.

Situation:

1. My husband ate breakfast at 6:00 AM

2. I woke up at 7:00 AM

Past perfect sentence:

When I woke up this morning, my husband had already eaten breakfast.

It’s common to use the contraction ‘d in the past perfect:

I’d traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20 years old.

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Difference between present perfect and past perfect:
In the present perfect, our reference point is the perfect. In the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

Present perfect: an action that started in the past and continues to the present and an action that happened before now (unspecified time). Past perfect: an action that happened before a time in the past.

Present perfect form = S + have/has + past pasticiple + O. EXAMPLE: - my mother has just gone to the store. - i haven't seen the new movie yet.

Past perfect form = S + had + past pasrticiple + O. EXAMPLE: - I'd traveled to five different countries by the time i was 20 years old. - When i woke up this morning, my husband had already eaten breakfast.

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Past perfect and present perfect both are talk about something that happened before a point in time
In the present perfect, reference is from the present
in the past perfect, reference is from the past

we can use present perfect
-An action that started in the past and continues to the present
-An action that happened before now (unspecified time)

Have/Has + past participle
Ex: my mother has just goneto the store

Past perfect
use to be an action that happened before a time in the past
Had + past participle
ex:
-i went to japan in 1988 and 1991
-i turned 10 years old in 1994
i had been to japan twice by the time i was 10 years old

it's common to use the contraction 'd in the past perfect
ex: i'd traveled to five different countries by the time i was 20 years old

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Present Perfect and Past Perfect :
Talk about something that happened before a point in time.

Present Perfect :
- our reference point in the present.
- An action that started in the past and continues to the present
- An action that happened before now (unspecified time)
- Have/Has + past participle

Past Perfect :
- our reference point in the past
- An action that happened before a time in the past
- Had + past participle
- It's common to use the contraction 'd in the past perfect

# data[].attributes.body
Past and Present Perfect are both tenses that we use to describe or inform things that happened at a specific time. Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point). In the present perfect, the reference point is the present and in the past perfect, the reference point is in the past.

Present perfect :

— An action that started in the past and continues to the present.

— An action that happened before now.

Formula:

(+) S + have/ has + past participle + ...

(-) S + have/ has not + past participle + ...

(?) Have/ Has + S + past participle + ... ?

Ex:

I have lived in this country for 16 years.

Past perfect:

— An action that happened before a time in the past.

Formula:

(+) S + had + past participle + ...

(-) S + had not + past participle + ...

(?) Had + S + past participle + ... ?

Ex:

When I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before.

# data[].attributes.body
Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point). In present perfect, our reference point is the present while in the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

1. Present perfect can used to an action that started in the past and continues to the present or an action that happened before now (unspecified time).
ex. : - I have lived in this city for six months
- I have been to Japan twice

form :  HAVE/HAS + past participle

2. Past perfect can used to an action that happened before a time in the past
ex. : - When I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before.

form : HAD + past participle

# data[].attributes.body
Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

Present perfect

An action that started in the past and continues to the present.

s + has/have + pas participle

example : I've been to Japan three times

Past perfect

An action that happened before a time in the past.

s + had + pas participle

example : when I woke up this morning my husband had already eaten breakfast

# data[].attributes.body
Difference between present perfect and past perfect

Both talk about something that that happened before a point time.

1. In the present perfect, our reference point is the present

Formula : (+) s + have/has + verb 3 + compliment
(-) s + have/has + not + verb 3 + compliment
(?) have/has + s + verb 3 + compliment

There are two type of present perfect :

An action that started in the past and continues to the present.

example : i have lived in this mansion for 4 years.

An action that happened before now ( unspecified time)

example : I have been to Cirebon three times.

2. In the past perfect, our reference point is in the past

Formula : (+) s + had + verb 3 + compliment
(-) s + had + not + verb 3 + compliment
(?) had + s + verb 3 + compliment

An action that happened before a time in the past

example : When I arrived at home this night, I discovered that I had forgotten to bring my driving license

# data[].attributes.body
Present Perfect
--> in the present perfect, our reference point is the present
--> An action that started in the past and continued to the present
Ex : I have lives in this city for six months
--> An action that happened before now
(unspecified time)
Ex : I have been to Japan twice

The form of the present perfect :
HAVE/HAS + past participle

Past Perfect :
--> our reference point is in the past
--> An action that happened before a time in the past
Ex : When i arrived at the office this morning, i discovered that i had left my computer on the night before.

The form of the past perfect :
HAD + past participle

It's common to use the contraction 'd in the past perfect
--> Ex : I'd traveled to five different countries by the time i was 20 years old

# data[].attributes.body
The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour).

This tense is formed by
s + have/has + the past participle (+)
Ex. :
- We have bought all the ingredients to make cupcakes
- He has learned math so hard

s + have/has + not + the past participle (-)
Ex. :
- He hasn't ridden a horse for 5 years
- I have never been to London

have/has + s + the past participle + ? (?)
Ex. :
- Have they woken up from their sleep?

- Has she been to Malaysia?

# data[].attributes.body
Present perfect tense and past perfect tense are types of sentences, whose actions occur before a certain point in time.

Following that, the structure of present perfect tense is Subject+has (he she it)/have (they we I you)+Verb 3. After that, the structure of past perfect tense is Subject+had (he she it they we I you)+Verb 3.

The example of present perfect are:
- My mothe has just gone to the store.
- I have been to Japan three times.
- I haven't seen the new movie yet.
-Have you finished your homework?

The example of past perfect are:
- I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.
- When I woke up this morning, my husband had already eaten breakfast.

# data[].attributes.body
Present Perfect and Past Perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

Present Perfect - present is the reference point
- Use to state an action that started in the past and continues to the present
Ex:
I have lived in this house for 3 years.
I've known him for 5 months.
- Use to state an action that happened before now (unspecified time)
Ex:
I have been to Bali twice.
Sara has missed the bus, so she'll be late.
(+) S + have/ has + past participle + ...
(-) S + have/ has not + past participle + ...
(?) Have/ Has + S + past participle + ... ?

Past Perfect - past is the reference point
- Use to state an action that happened before a time in the past
Ex: John had gone out when his friend arrived in the office.
- Use to describe an action that happened before a specific time in the past
Ex: Elaine had never been to an opera before last night.
- Use to describe cause and effect (combine with past simple)
Ex: I got stuck in the traffic because there had been an accident.
(+) S + had + past participle + ...
(-) S + had not + past participle + ...
(?) Had + S + past participle + ... ?

# data[].attributes.body
Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

present perfect
our reference point in the present perfect is the present.
present perfect used for an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
present perfect also used for an action that happened before now.
form of present perfect :
have/has + past participle
example :
Janet has lived abroad for five years
example of using the short form of have and has in present perfect :
Janet's lived abroad for five years

past perfect
our reference point in the past perfect is in the past .
past perfect used for an action that happened before a time in the past.
form of past perfect :
had + past participle
example :
i had been to Japan twice by the time i was 10 years old
exampe of using contraction 'd in past perfect :
i'd traveled to five different countries by the time i was 20 years old

# data[].attributes.body
Past and Present Perfect are both tenses that we use to describe or inform things that happened at a specific time. They both have a different reference point, Present Perfect being in the Present and Past Perfect being in the Past.

Present perfect can talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present (e.g. “I have lived in this city for 6 months.”) and can also be used to talk about an action that happened in the past in an unspecified time (e.g. “I have been to Japan Twice.”).

We can use the formula of “Have/Has + Past Participle + O (V3) for the Present Perfect Tense.

Past Perfect can talk about an action that happened before a time in the past. (e.g. “I have left my computer at home.”). Past Perfect has the formula of “Had + Past Participle”.

It is common to use some form of contraction on each time, as the shortened form of a/have in present perfection (e.g. “I’ve been to Japan three times.”), and the shortened form of had in the past perfect tense (e.g. “I’d traveled to five different countries by the time I was twenty years old.”).

# data[].attributes.body
Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. Present perfect e.g. I have lived in this city for six month, the structure is have/has + past particple. Past perfect e.g when i arrived at the office this morning, i discovered that i had left my computer on the night before, the structure of past perfect is had + past participle

Its common to use the contraction 'd in the past perfect e.g. :
I'd travelled to five different countries by the time i was 20 years old

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Present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. In the present perfect the point in time is the present.

We can use present perfect in :

-An action that started in the past and continues to the present

-An action that happened before now in unspecified time

The form is : Have/Has + past participle

Example : I’ve been to New York three times.

In the past perfect  the  point in time is  the past.

We can use past perfect in :

-An action that happened before a time in the past

The form is : Had + past participle

Example : I turned 14 years old in 2016

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Present perfect is an action that started in the past and continues to the present and an action that happened before now (unspecific time). The form of the present perfect is Have / HAS + past participle. Example: My mother has just gone to the store. Meanwhile past perfect is an action that happened before a time in the past with a specific time. The form of the past perfect is HAD + past participle. Example: I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.

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Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. in the present perfect our reference point is the present, and in the past perfect our reference is in the past

we can use the present perfect for an action that started in the past and continues to the present, for example i have lived in this city for six month

we can also use the present perfect for an action that happened before now when we don't specify the time, for example i have been to japan twice

the  form of the present perfect is have or has + the past participle. examples my mother has just gone to the store, Janet has lived abroad for five years

use the past perfect for an action that happened before a time in the past. For example when i arrived at the office this morning, i discovered that i had left my computer on the night before

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Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened berfore a point in time (reference point).
in the present perfect, the reference point is the present and in the past perfect, the reference point is in the past.
Present perfect = Have/Has + past participle
1. An action that started in the past and continues to the present
example: I have lived in this city for six months
2. An action that happened before now (unsepcified time)
example: I have been to Japan twice

Past perfect= Had + past participle
1. An Action that happened before a time in the past
example: When I arrived at the office this morning, i discovered that i had left my computer on the night before

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both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point).

- In the present perfect, our reference point is the present. In the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

- Present perfect: an action that started in the past and continues to the present and an action that happened before now (unspecified time). Past perfect: an action that happened before a time in the past.

- Present perfect form = S + have/has + past participle + O. Past perfect form = S + had + past participle + O. Both form use V3.

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Present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

Present perfect
> An action that started in the past and continues to the present
> An action that happened before now
S + Have/has + past participle
ex : I have lived in Tangerang for 15 years now.

Past perfect
>An action that happened before a time in the past
S + Had + past participle
ex : I had lived in Tangerang for 15 years before moving to Bandung.

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Present perfect

(+) S + HAVE/HAS + VERB 3

(-) S + HAVE NOT/HAS NOT + VERB 3

(?) HAVE/HAS + S + VERB 3 ?

An action that started in the past and continues to the present

Example:

(+) i have bought a new bag

(-) i haven’t bought a new bag

(?) have you bought a new bag?

An action that happened before now

Example: i have been to Japan twice

Past perfect

(+) S + HAD + V3

(-) S + HAD + NOT + V3

(?) HAD + S + V3

An action that happened before a time in the past

Example:

(+) they had slept

(-) they hadn’t slept

(?) had they slept?

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT & PAST PERFECT:

The difference is reference point in the present perfect is the present, while reference point in the past perfect is in the past. Present perfect can be used for an action that started in the past and continues to the present, also can be used for an action that happened before now (unspecified time). The present perfect tense formula is " S + HAVE/HAS + VERB 3". Past perfect can be used for an action that happened before a time in the past. The pas perfect tense formula is " S + HAD + V3".

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Both present perfect and past perfect talking about actions that happened before specific points of time. in present perfect, the reference used is the present. In past perfect, the reference point is in the past.

Example for present perfect, Kaeya has lived abroad for five years. The form of present perfect is HAVE / HAS + past participle.
And for past perfect, I went to Malaysia in 2016 and 2018. The form of past perfect is HAD + past participle.

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past perfect and present perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time. But the difference is in the present perfect is an action that started in the past and continues to the present. And past perfect is an action that happened before a time in the past. the present perfect formula is S + have/has + past principle, and the past perfect formula is S + had + past participle

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Present and past perfect both are talking about something that happens before the point in time, but the difference are at the present perfect its point in the present (continuous to the present), and the past perfect its point in the past (happened before).

Present Perfect Structure:
Subject + Have/Has + Participle
Example: Janet has lived abroad for five years

Past Perfect Structure:
Subject + Had + Past Participle
Example: I went to Japan in 1988 and 1991

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Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point). The difference is reference point in the present perfect is the present, while reference point in the past perfect is in the past.

Present perfect can be used for an action that started in the past and continues to the present, also can be used for an action that happened before now (unspecified time). The present perfect tense formula is "have / has + past participle".

Past perfect can be used for an action that happened before a time in the past. The past perfect tense formula is "had + past participle".

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Difference between present perfect and past perfect

Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time.

Present perfect

An action that started in the past and continues to the present.

s + has/have + pas participle

e.x : I’ve been to Japan three times

Past perfect

An action that happened before a time in the past.

s + had + pas participle

e.x :

I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.

I’d traveled to four different countries by the time I was 10 years old (it’s common to use the contraction ‘d).

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Past perfect and present perfect both used to tell or talk about something that happened before a point of time.

If past perfect is used to tell about the past, the present perfect is used to tell about the present.

The present perfect tell about an action that start in the past but still continues to the present. It's happened before now but with unspecific times. Present perfect using have/has.

The past perfect tell about an action that happened before a time in the past with a specific times. Past perfect using had.

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Past perfect and present perfect is used to tell things that happened before a specific time.

Past perfect tells things that happened before a specific time in the past. While present perfect tell things that started in the past and continues until now, and also tells things that happened before present.

Past present uses the formula S + Had + past participle + O.
Example: I had been to 4 other countries by the time I was 10. The words 'I had' can be simplified to I'd.

Present perfect uses the formula S + Have/has + past participle + O.
Example: I have worked very hard to get here.

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Perfect tense (present and past): talk about someting that happened before a point in time (reference point)

Present perfect (Have/Has + V3):

an action that started in the past and continues to the present.

Past perfect (Had + V3):

an action that happened before a time in the past.

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The present perfect tense says that an action was completed at a time before the present, and the results or consequences of the action are relevant now. The present perfect is formed using the present tense of the verb "to have" and the past participle of the main verb. For example : My mother has just gone to the store.

The past perfect tense says that an action was completed at a time before another action happened in the past. The past perfect is formed using the past tense of the verb "to have" and the past participle of the main verb. For example : I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.