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Even though the cellular respiration is a energy releasing process, the cell must invest a small amount of energy to get the reaction going.

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Clycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is oxidized to produced two molecules of pyruvic acid.

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The products of glycolysis is 4 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of NADH, 2 molecules of Hyrubic Acid.

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The respiration takes place in glycolysis, which is anaerobic. It also takes place in the Krebs Cycle, which is Aerobic. Also, the electron transport, which is aerobic.

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Aerobic Respiration requires oxygen. Anaerobic Respiration doesn't need oxygen.

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What role do photosynthesis and cellular respiration play in the recycling of carbon?

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What role do photosynthesis and cellular respiration play in the recycling of carbon?

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Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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How is energy transformed and matter utilized by living things?

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How is energy transformed and matter utilized by living things?

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Energy is transformed from heat. Matter is utilized by living things because anything that has mass that takes spaces.

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 If cells can produce chemical energy in an anaerobic environment, why do we need oxygen?

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 If cells can produce chemical energy in an anaerobic environment, why do we need oxygen?

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Humans aren't anaerobic because we need oxygen. We get our energy from carbohydrates, plants, and animals.

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What role does photosynthesis play in altering Earth's atmosphere?

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What role does photosynthesis play in altering Earth's atmosphere?

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All Matter Cycles

You know about recycling, right? We all probably sort our trash to save things like aluminum cans, plastic bottles and newspaper. We all probably also know why we do it: to conserve resources. What would happen if we didn't conserve resources? Well, the things that are used to make up those products might become more scarce, leading companies to search for more raw, natural resources from the environment, which drives up prices. In some cases, new ways would have to be engineered to make those products if new sources can't be found.

Recycling is just a good idea, and nature is a master recycler. Even when humans don't, nature will get its way and cycle atoms and molecules back again. Carbon and nitrogen are great examples of how nature does this.

Cycling of Carbon

One of the ways that nature recycles matter is through the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is carbon cycling through the global environment. Carbon is a chemical element and a key component of many systems in the biosphere, from acting as part of the earth's thermostat to being one of the key elements in photosynthesis, which is when plants make sugars for energy.

In order for the ecosystem to function properly, all parts need an adequate supply of carbon. This is usually not a problem since nature is efficient at carbon cycling. Since the process is a cycle, we need to pick some place to begin.

One of the biggest reservoirs of carbon is the atmosphere, which is about 0.038% carbon dioxide. There are two ways for carbon to be removed from the atmosphere. The first is through photosynthesis, where plants take in CO2, water and sunlight to create sugars for energy, and oxygen gas emerges as a by-product. Once inside plants, carbon moves through food chains, where organisms become nutrients including herbivores, carnivores and ultimately, decomposers. Through living organisms, carbon is either re-released back into the atmosphere through respiration (where organisms use oxygen to generate energy from nutrients and produce carbon dioxide as waste), released by combustion (the process of burning something) or broken down into the soil as part of the organism's body. Once buried in the soil, carbon can be converted into fossil fuels over long periods of time and then also reenter the atmosphere by combustion.

If carbon from the atmosphere does not enter a terrestrial (or land) plant by photosynthesis, it can dissolve in the ocean. Here it can be taken up by marine plants through photosynthesis - just like in land plants - or it can be incorporated into sediments. Marine organisms can also take up dissolved carbon molecules and use that along with calcium in the seawater to make calcium carbonate, which is a major component of the shells and skeletons of marine organisms.

When these organisms die, their shells and bones settle to the bottom of the ocean, where they can be covered up and remain for long periods of time. Under great pressure from the water and sediment, these shells break down and form limestone rock.

Limestone is the largest storage reservoir of carbon on the earth. Once formed into limestone, carbon usually stays locked in the rock. However, it can also dissolve very slowly to be released as carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, or, if the limestone is exposed to weathering and dissolved by acid rain, be released as carbon dioxide. This completes the cycle, returning all carbon back to the atmosphere where it began. So, following this line of thinking, the carbon molecules that are in our body have been cycling on the earth since it was formed and will continue to do so as we exhale each breath, returning CO2 back to the atmosphere.

Cycling of Nitrogen

Like carbon, nitrogen also has always been present on the earth, and in the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen cycles through the global environment. Nitrogen is also a chemical element, and it is the most abundant element in the atmosphere, making up 78% of the atmosphere. Nitrogen is very unreactive with other elements, and it cannot be used directly as a nutrient by plants and animals the way oxygen or carbon can. However, nitrogen can be converted into forms usable by plants and animals, either by lightning or bacteria. Once converted to usable forms, nitrogen is able to cycle the rest of the way through the ecosystem.

As mentioned, the atmosphere is the largest reservoir of nitrogen. N2 occurs when two atoms of nitrogen are bonded together very strongly. Lightning has enough energy to split these atoms, which then bond with oxygen in the atmosphere to make nitrates that fertilize the soil and are taken into plants as nutrients.

In a process known as nitrogen fixation, special bacteria can convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere directly into ammonia, which is an important nutrient for plants. In this manner, nitrogen enters the ecosystem from the atmosphere. This conversion is performed either by cyanobacteria in the soil or by a bacteria that lives in the roots of certain plants known as legumes, such as soybeans or alfalfa.

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cycles of matter: the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Cycles of Matter: The Nitrogen Cycle and the Carbon Cycle - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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You know about recycling, right? We all probably sort our trash to save things like aluminum cans, plastic bottles and newspaper. We all probably also know why we do it: to conserve resources. What would happen if we didn't conserve resources?

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How are photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration related to one another in the biosphere?

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How are photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration related to one another in the biosphere?

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Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration ( Venn Diagram) | Creately

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A Venn Diagram showing Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration. You can edit this Venn Diagram using Creately diagramming tool and include in your report/presentation/website.

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How do the products of photosynthesis become amino acids?

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How do the products of photosynthesis become amino acids?

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The products of photosynthesis become amino acids by glucose, oxygen and ATP.

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The structure of the 4 major biomolecules 

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The structure of the 4 major biomolecules 

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Biomolecules are compounds that center around the element, carbon. Carbon, because of its valence structure, is actually quite versatile and probably responsible for the great variation of life on this planet. In today's post we are going to look at the four major classes of biomolecules. For each class, pay special attention to the structure and function of these biomolecules.

Proteins make up the majority of biomolecules present in a cell. These molecules have enormous variation. Proteins are responsible for many enzymatic functions in the cell and play an important structural role . Proteins are composed of subunits called amino acids. There are 21 different types of amino acids (including the less known selenocysteine). It would be very important for the student to know the different functional groups that make up a single amino acid. Amino acids are composed of a carboxyl group and an amino group bound to a central carbon atom. A hydrogen atom occupies the third bonding site on the carbon and a variable "R" group occupies the fourth. This R group gives the amino acid special properties that are responsible for making proteins functional. Long chains of amino acids, formed by peptide bonds between each amino acid, form a polypeptide. More on protein structure can be found at this blog post.

Nucleic acids are the second type of biomolecules that we will discuss. These molecules are responsible for all of our genetic information. You are probably very familiar with Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are formed from subunits called nucleotides. There are 5 different types of nucleotides in the cell; Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. The bonds that form between nucleotides are called phosphodiester bonds. Nucleotides are responsible for more than just composing DNA and RNA, as ATP is a nucleotide and is also the energy currency of the cell! Click here for in-depth post dedicated to the structure of DNA.

Carbohydrates provide an energy source for the cell and also may play a structural role. The simplest subunit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. The structure of the glucose molecule is a good representation of carbohydrate subunits, also called a monomer.

The final class of biomolecules are lipids. Lipids are composed of long hydrocarbon chains (-CH2-). These molecules hold an incredible amount of energy and are therefore energy storage molecules. Because of some pretty neat biochemical properties (hydrocarbons are hydrophobic), lipids are the major component of cell membranes. Cholesterol and other sterols are also types of lipids and are necessary components of cell membranes.

If your teacher drew these four molecules on an exam, would you be able to identify which is which?

Interested in science curriculum for your students (classroom and homeschool)? Head over to my curriculum store.

This entry was posted in Biochemistry, Biology, Molecular Biology. Bookmark the permalink.

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Biomolecules are compounds that center around the element, carbon. Carbon, because of its valence structure, is actually quite versatile and probably responsible for the great variation of life on this planet. In today's post we are going to look at the four major classes of biomolecules.

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Review of biochemistry - ppt video online download

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Carbon Compounds All organic molecules contain the element carbon. All living things are composed of water, and organic molecules. Organic compounds contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other elements The structure of a biomolecule will help determine its properties and functions Carbon is a special element, because it has four electrons in its valence level to share.

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Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids , Lipids, Protein . 

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Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids , Lipids, Protein . 

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Carbohydrates is one of the four biomolecules, and it provides energy.Nucleic Acids are present in living cells, in DNA or RNA that have nucleotides. Lipids are fatty acids that are soluble in water, some examples are waxes, oils, and steroids. Proteins are  molecules that have of one or more long chains of amino acids and are needed for all all living organisms.

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How much energy is transferred at each level?

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How much energy is transferred at each level?

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Decomposers are bacteria and fungi that break down matter in the dead animals or plants.

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Herbivore eat plants in order to digest the carbohydrates photo-synthetically produced by a plant. Carnivores consume herbivores for the same reason, while omnivores can obtain their nutrients from plants or animals.

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A Heterotroph is a living thing that eats other living things to survive, it cant make its own food.

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An autotroph is am organism that makes its own food from light energy using photosynthesis or chemical energy.

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What is the transfer of Energy in the ecosystem?

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What is the transfer of Energy in the ecosystem?

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What is the transfer of Energy in the ecosystem? 

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What is the transfer of Energy in the ecosystem? 

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The low rate of energy transfer makes decomposers more important than producers in energy.

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What are the CO2 emissions in the Carbon Cycle? 

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What are the CO2 emissions in the Carbon Cycle? 

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The CO2 emissions in the carbon cycle is oxygen and glucose.

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What are the Products of Photosynthesis, and the reactions of Cellular Respiration? 

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What are the Products of Photosynthesis, and the reactions of Cellular Respiration? 

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The products of photosynthesis is glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

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What does Cellular Respiration do in the Carbon Cycle?

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What does Cellular Respiration do in the Carbon Cycle?

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Cellular Respiration is used to make glucose  with oxygen.

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Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared is Einstein's famous equation E=MC². That equation is linked to energy and matter.

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The Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy shows that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be change from one form to another.

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The Law of Conservation of Energy is states that the total of energy remains constant, and can change from one form to another.

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The mass is constant of its original form. The principle that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.

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How is light energy transformed into chemical energy.

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The Cycle refers to the light independent reactions in photosynthesis that takes place in three key steps.

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The light dependent cycle converts solar energy into chemical energy, in the form of NADPH and ATP.

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Chloroplast work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugar that can be used by cells.

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The reactants in photosynthesis is H20, CO2, and sunlight. The products of photosynthesis is glucose, oxygen, and sugars.

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6C2 +C6 H12 O6 6CO2+6H20+ATP