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Rachel Carson, DDT and the Fight Against Malaria

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Rachel Carson, DDT and the Fight Against Malaria

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https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/22/us/rachel-carson-ddt-malaria-retro-report.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront
Biologist Rachel Carson believes that the excessive spraying of pesticides being used to control crop pests is posing a major threat to the environment. The chemicals and poisons in the pesticides are being washed into our water supplies and could ruin a plethora of ecosystems. DDT, a specific type of pesticide, once poisoned eagles resulting in broken, thin egg shells. Although DDT has had many negative side effects, it's been used to help prevent and eradicate malaria across the US. After malaria was defeated in the US, DDT was mostly banned (except for rare cases). But, in countries like Africa, DDT is still fully legal. Mosquitoes have evolved over time to even recognize when a human enters or leaves a door to plan its attack. In turn, some insects have resisted DDT, causing its decline in usage. Scientists now know that new methods are needed to keep diseases like Zika and malaria under wraps. Certain fungi have proven to help kill infected mosquitoes but this is not ready to be used yet. As for now, pesticide covered tents/nets and the cleaning up of infected mosquito blood will have to do.

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Vaping Linked to Host of New Health Risks

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Vaping Linked to Host of New Health Risks

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https://www.sciencenews.org/article/vaping-linked-host-new-health-risks?mode=topic&context=60
Many young teens and even some adults have turned to electronic cigarettes to potentially avoid the effects of real ones. Researchers at UNC believe that e-cigarettes are not being helpful in weening people off tobacco and instead are causing new medical issues. They even have unpublished data to back this up. Through one test, it was discovered that both smokers and vapors were susceptible to nasal and lung infections. Also, vaping has been proven to suppress the ability of immune cells to do their job. In a study done on mice, scientists were shocked to learn that the non-nicotine group had more genes affected by the vapor. These mice were tested multiple times and it was found that the rodents exhibited a lot of strange behavior in both the nicotine and non-nicotine groups. This research is still in its very early ages but scientists taking these precautions believe it is necessary.

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Donors and Drug Makers Offer $500 Million to Control Global Epidemics

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Donors and Drug Makers Offer $500 Million to Control Global Epidemics

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https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/health/partnership-epidemic-preparedness.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront
All across Africa, Ebola is striking and killing a plethora of people. Due to the lack of vaccines, this epidemic doesn't show any signs of slowing down soon. However, hope has surfaced in the form of a $500 million donation by a group of donors to help stop Ebola from spreading. This partnership called the Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, will aim to stockpile vaccinations to fight multiple threats and do so in mass quantities. By taking different precautionary measures, hopefully people in Africa can be given shots before they are actually infected. Among the donors is Bill Gates, who predicted the worsening conditions which lead to the current pandemic. Although Gates' (as well as the others') donation was huge, still more funds need to be raised in order to attack this issue head-on. Dr. Anthony Fauci has been pushing for a global health emergency fund for many years. Vaccines for Ebola have been tested on monkeys and proven successful but have yet to be tried on humans. In order to keep developing cures, the $500 million donation is being used to grow vaccines and improve DNA vaccine technology. Though the industry is facing tuff scrutiny because of some of its methods, the United Nations supports stands behind their main goal.

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Tasmanian Tigers' Brains Yield Clues Long After Extinction

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Tasmanian Tigers' Brains Yield Clues Long After Extinction

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https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/science/tasmanian-tigers-brains.html?action=click&contentCollection=science&module=NextInCollection&region=Footer&pgtype=article&version=column&rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Ftrilobites
In the 1800s, Tasmania tigers were seen as sheep killers. Therefore, they were then killed and eventually went extinct. These creatures were never given the chance to be examined and studied properly. So, scientists never really fully understood them or knew what they actually ate as prey. Recently, scientists have conducted scans on an extinct Tasmanian tiger's brain. One scientist by the name of Dr. Berns believes that these creatures could be related to dog or even wolves. However convergent proved this to be wrong. Berns spent a lot of time and effort into finding two Tasmanian tigers' brains to examine. After succeeding in getting what he needed, Dr. Berns realized he had to compare the tiger to the closely related Tasmanian devil. His results seemed to infer that the tigers' brains were larger than the devils' and the tigers were much smarter as well as strategic. Though just getting this information was a stretch, Berns' work proved that Tasmanian tigers had more to offer than what people 100 years ago thought.

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In the Wild, Goldfish Turn From Pet to Pest

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In the Wild, Goldfish Turn From Pet to Pest

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https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/science/discarded-goldfish-invasive-species.html?action=click&contentCollection=Science&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article
The Vasse River in Australia has been affected by a feral goldfish invasion. It is believed by researchers at Murdoch University that some unwanted goldfish were dropped into this river, thrived and took over. Ever since 2003, these researchers have conducted multiple experiments involving the tracking, capturing and killing (freezing them to death) of goldfish along the river. Despite their efforts to reduce the number of goldfish and revive the Vasse River, still some fish grow to weigh 4 pounds. Goldfish are an invasive species, posing a threat to many different locations across the globe. If the Murdoch University staff can figure out how to regulate the population, it could help save environments everywhere. Due to old traditions, goldfish have unfairly been seen as inconsequential, worthless house-pets. However, if tossed into warm nutrient-rich waters, goldfish will behave in unexpected ways. They can uproot vegetation, mess up sediment and even transmit exotic diseases. So, it's time to figure out how to stop these long distance swimmers and avoid flushing our pets down the toilet.

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Fish Seek Cooler Waters, Leaving Some Fishermen's Nets Empty 

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Fish Seek Cooler Waters, Leaving Some Fishermen's Nets Empty 

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https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/30/science/fish-climate-change-northeast.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fearth&action=click&contentCollection=earth&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0
In Rhode Island, it has always been typical for fishermen to see an abundance of whiting (fish) in their waters. However, recently these fish have migrated north in hopes of finding cooler water and temperatures. Now, fishermen further up the Northeastern coast are catching all the fish. Studies have shown that 2/3 of the marine species in the Northeast have shifted or changed their location due to global warming. Laws and regulations on fishing have not been able to keep up with the changing industry. North Carolina still has the largest share on the number of catches across the United States even though there is very little here to catch. In turn, fishermen in North Carolina have had to travel up to 10 hours in order to capture their desired prey. Tensions among local fishermen continue to grow and different plans for action are being taken into consideration. After collaborating with some fishermen, Dr. Manderson figured out a way to include movement and temperature patterns into surveys used to create data and set regulations. Although this will be vital in helping the fishing industry adapt to changes, it would seem as of now that even science is too slow to keep up with global warming's effects.