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i think it would be effective somewhat because yes Martin Luther kings voice was heard and a change has come but he did it in a peaceful way and that's the way we need to do it.

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i think if we were to act upon these ideas we would get a lot more done and are voices would be heard, the world would look a lot different.

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according to thoreau in civil disobedience the flaw in majority rule is just that- the government is ruled by the majority and the minority is left out. thoreau states " but government in which the majority rules in all cases can not be based on justice even as even as far as men understand it

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Year after year, as he meticulously swept the dining hall floors at Yale University, Corey Menafee passed beneath the stained glass window depicting African American slaves carrying bales of cotton in a snowy white cotton field.

And year after year, as black students protested the window's presence and the school refused to remove it, Menafee kept his head down and just kept on sweeping. His job as a maintenance worker in the school's Calhoun College, named after former Vice President John C. Calhoun who advocated for slavery, depended on it.

Then one day, Menafee said he just decided he couldn't take it anymore.

He swung the broomstick and shattered the glass.

"I thought, I'm tired of looking at this, I'm about to break this," Menafee said. "It's the 21st century, why do I have to go to work and look at this?"

His solitary act of civil disobedience in breaking that window initially cost him his job and made him a cause célèbre on a campus that, like many places in the country, has found itself in the midst of tense conversations on race.

Yale University has since said it is not pressing charges nor seeking restitution and his working with his union "to resolve this as compassionately as possible".

Earlier this week, the school said it will allow him to return to work on July 24.

The school is no stranger to controversy and has received backlash for Calhoun College's name. In April, the university announced the change of the title of faculty living in residential halls from "master" to "head of college" saying it"no longer felt it appropriate to be addressed in this way," according to the school.

"After the window was broken in June, the Committee recommended that it and some other windows be removed from Calhoun, conserved for future study and a possible contextual exhibition, and replaced temporarily with tinted glass," Yale said in a statement. "An artist specializing in stained glass will be commissioned to design new windows, with input from the Yale community, including students, on what should replace them."

However, the name of Calhoun College, the school has said, will remain to "confront, teach, and learn from slavery."

Related: Yale Worker Destroys Stained-Glass Window Depicting Slaves

Imani Perry, an African American Studies professor at Princeton University, said Menafee's destruction of an image that he sees as glorifying slavery is not only an act of civil disobedience, but an example of how African Americans are speaking out more broadly against institutional racism.

She and her husband attended Yale and, for them, Menafee's act has special significance. Her husband even protested at his graduation to have the stained glass window removed.

"What Corey did is meaningful and as an alum it's moving," she said. "We had to look at the stained glass images and for years students protested but the school wouldn't remove them. The images made you feel like you didn't belong."

There is a direct arc from Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on an Alabama bus to recent incidents of hundreds of people marching in the streets across the country to protest police brutality, African American studies experts say. However those individual protests which were connected to a broader movement.

"In the 1940's and '50's, there were tight organizations in black communities and acts of civil disobedience were connected," Perry said. "We don't have that now and acts are not connected to a larger strategy that everyone agrees on like back in the day. Communities aren't connected now like they were before."

And while the protests in such places at Baton Rouge and Dallas have been large and public and Black Lives Matter has been effective in highlighting police brutality against minorities, Menafee's act was silent, singular and unexpected.

Related: Complaint Filed Against Yale, Dartmouth, and Brown Alleging Discrimination

Growing up in New Haven Connecticut, Menafee dreamed of being a journalist. He pursued his dream by studying mass communications at Virginia Union University and combined his passion for sports and writing by becoming a sports editor for the VUU Informer, a college newspaper. After college, he returned to his hometown and interned for hometown newspaper the West Haven Voice.

Like many college graduates, Menafee was unable to find a job in his chosen field. So to try and make ends meet, he accepted a temporary position as a substitute teacher in the New Haven Public School system.

He made $50 an day as a substitute teacher, but the work was spotty. After nearly four months, Menafee took a general services position at Yale, a janitorial position which paid more.

"I was at a crossroads," said Menafee, a father of two young children. "Yale paid more money and it was more financially secure. Over time it became a career."

Menafee took pride in his work - cleaning dining halls, sweeping, mopping floors, and taking out the trash.

"Being a dishwasher isn't glamorous, but it's like an art," "Menafee said. "You learn techniques. It's more to sweeping a floor; you have to make sure the broom is clean before you start."

Related: Yale Keeps College Named for Slave Owner but Pulls 'Master' as Faculty Title

Though he is sorry he broke a rule and lost his job for a while, Menafee is glad no one else has to see a picture reminding them of one of the horrors of slavery. He encourages others to speak out on things that offend them.

"If you see something, say something," Menafee said. "Speak up for yourself if you feel degraded."

Students at Yale and others around the country have praised Menafee as a champion for civil rights. Menafee doesn't consider himself a hero and didn't do what he did for recognition.

"I'm not an activist," he said. "What I did is not on the level of Rosa Parks and other greats like Martin Luther King. I'm just regular guy who had enough and I broke it."

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Yale Janitor's Act of Civil Disobedience a Stand Against Racism

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Year after year, as he meticulously swept the dining hall floors at Yale University, Corey Menafee passed beneath the stained glass window depicting African American slaves carrying bales of cotton in a snowy white cotton field. And year after year, as black students protested the window's presence and the school refused to remove it, Menafee kept his head down and just kept on sweeping.

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Gandhi's influence on Martin Luther King Jr.

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Gandhi's influence on Martin Luther King Jr.

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as Martin Luther King Jr delved deeper into Gandhi, he said his skepticism concerning the power of love gradually diminished and came to see for the first time that the christian doctrine of love, operating through the Gandhism method of non violence is one of the most potent weapons available to an oppressed people in there struggle of freedom.

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It cannot be doubted that Thoreau's work did give an intellectual framework for Gandhi's program of active-non violence as well as new ideas for specific forms of non-cooperation. In July,1846 ,Thoreau refused to pay a poll tax and spent one night in jail for his crime. Gandhi would go to jail for much longer terms and willingly accept the punishment for breaking the law.

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thoreaus influenced on Martin Luther King Jr.

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thoreaus influenced on Martin Luther King Jr.

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thoreau's ideas have influenced the world in the most famous case of all. martin Luther king Jr reidfied the the ideas in Birmingham Alabama " during my early college days i read thoreaus essay on civil disobedience for the first time king remembered" i became convinced that non cooperation with ever is much a moral obligation as cooperation is good".

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This was a act of civil disobedience because Gandhi was going against the one of the British rules in India. The British did not want the Indians selling or collecting salt but Gandhi did not like the british and he wanted them gone from india with all over their rules. He wanted India to be free. This was to show the British that he did not like what they were doing but he did it in a peace way. Gandhi was arrested but Satyagraha still carried on without him. He wanted to change that rule.

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On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India.

Britain's Salt Acts prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in the Indian diet. Citizens were forced to buy the vital mineral from the British, who, in addition to exercising a monopoly over the manufacture and sale of salt, also exerted a heavy salt tax. Although India's poor suffered most under the tax, Indians required salt. Defying the Salt Acts, Gandhi reasoned, would be an ingeniously simple way for many Indians to break a British law nonviolently. He declared resistance to British salt policies to be the unifying theme for his new campaign of satyagraha, or mass civil disobedience.

On March 12, Gandhi set out from Sabarmati with 78 followers on a 241-mile march to the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea. There, Gandhi and his supporters were to defy British policy by making salt from seawater. All along the way, Gandhi addressed large crowds, and with each passing day an increasing number of people joined the salt satyagraha. By the time they reached Dandi on April 5, Gandhi was at the head of a crowd of tens of thousands. Gandhi spoke and led prayers and early the next morning walked down to the sea to make salt.

He had planned to work the salt flats on the beach, encrusted with crystallized sea salt at every high tide, but the police had forestalled him by crushing the salt deposits into the mud. Nevertheless, Gandhi reached down and picked up a small lump of natural salt out of the mud-and British law had been defied. At Dandi, thousands more followed his lead, and in the coastal cities of Bombay and Karachi, Indian nationalists led crowds of citizens in making salt. Civil disobedience broke out all across India, soon involving millions of Indians, and British authorities arrested more than 60,000 people. Gandhi himself was arrested on May 5, but the satyagraha continued without him.

On May 21, the poet Sarojini Naidu led 2,500 marchers on the Dharasana Salt Works, some 150 miles north of Bombay. Several hundred British-led Indian policemen met them and viciously beat the peaceful demonstrators. The incident, recorded by American journalist Webb Miller, prompted an international outcry against British policy in India.

In January 1931, Gandhi was released from prison. He later met with Lord Irwin, the viceroy of India, and agreed to call off the satyagraha in exchange for an equal negotiating role at a London conference on India's future. In August, Gandhi traveled to the conference as the sole representative of the nationalist Indian National Congress. The meeting was a disappointment, but British leaders had acknowledged him as a force they could not suppress or ignore.

India's independence was finally granted in August 1947. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu extremist less than six months later.

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Mohandas Gandhi begins 241-mile civil disobedience march

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On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India. Britain's Salt Acts prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in the Indian diet.

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Martin Luther King Jr. was fighting for equality for the African American rights and to have the same rights as White Americans.

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In the current squabble over improving drug coverage and child care in this country, it's crucial

Governments exist to protect the rights of minorities. The rich need no protection. - Wendell Phillips.

The happiest countries in the world are not necessarily the richest, but those with truly democratic

In the current squabble over improving drug coverage and child

Governments exist to protect the rights of minorities. The rich

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Dr. Martin Luther King: strategies and tactics of civil disobedience

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In the current squabble over improving drug coverage and child care in this country, it's crucial Governments exist to protect the rights of minorities. The rich need no protection. - Wendell Phillips. The happiest countries in the world are not necessarily the richest, but those with truly democratic In the current squabble over improving drug coverage and child Governments exist to protect the rights of minorities.

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Martin Luther King Jr. took part in civil disobedience by marching peacefully, he marched on Washington with the southern christian conference.

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Facts, information and articles about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights leader prominent figure in Black History

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. summary: Martin Luther King Jr. became the predominant leader in the civil rights movement to end racial segregation and discrimination in America during the 1950s and 1960s, and was a leading spokesperson for nonviolent methods of achieving social change. His eloquence as a speaker and his personal charism-combined with a deeply rooted determination to establish equality among all races despite personal risk-won him a worldwide following. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and was selected by Time magazine as its Man of the Year. His "I Have a Dream" speech, which is now considered to be among the great speeches of American history, is frequently quoted. His success in galvanizing the drive for civil rights, however, made him the target of conservative segregationists who believed firmly in the superiority of the white race and feared social change. He was arrested over 20 times and had his home was bombed. Ultimately, he was assassinated on April 4, 1968, on the balcony of a motel where he was staying in Memphis. A monument to Dr. King was unveiled in the national capital in 2012.

Early Life of Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr., was born Michael Luther King Jr., in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15, 1929. His father, in a 1957 interview, said that both he and his son were supposed to be named for the leader of the Protestant Reformation but misunderstandings led to Michael being the name on birth records. The boy became the third member of his family to serve as pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, following in the footsteps of his grandfather and father. His training and experience as a minister undoubtedly contributed to his renowned oratorical style and cadence.

He also followed the educational path taken by his father and grandfather: he got his education in Georgia's segregated public schools (from which he graduated at age 15). And he received a B.A. degree from Atlanta's Morehouse College, a traditionally black college. He then went on to study theology at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania, an integrated school where he was elected president of his senior class although it was comprised primarily of white students. In 1955, he received an advanced degree from Boston College in Massachusetts; he had completed the residence for his doctorate two years earlier. (In 1991, a Boston University investigatory committee determined he had plagiarized portions of his doctoral dissertation; plagiarism was also discovered in his word at Crozer. However, the committee did not recommend his degree be revoked. Evidence of plagiarism had been discovered by Boston University archivists in the 1980s.)

While in Boston, he met and married Coretta Scott, who would be his lifetime partner in both marriage and his campaign for civil rights. In 1954, the couple moved to Montgomery, Alabama, where King had been hired as the pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church.

He was already active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, America's leading African-American organization. At the time of his move to Montgomery, he was a member of its executive committee, and in December 1955, he led a 382-day boycott of Montgomery's segregated public bus system. Negroes, the term then used for those of African descent, were relegated to the back of the bus and forced to give up their seats if a white person wanted to sit. Since many blacks lived in poverty or near-poverty, few could afford automobiles, and public busses were essential to them for traveling to and from work and elsewhere. During the boycott, King became a target for segregationists. Personal abuse, arrest, and the bombing of his home made clear the risks he would be taking if he continued to work with the movement for civil rights.

In 1957, that movement spawned a new organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, to focus on achieving civil rights. King was elected president. By dropping reference to Negroes or colored people in its title and instead using the term "Christian Leadership" the organization was declaring its goals were not just those of one race but should be those of all Christian people. King strongly influenced the ideals of the organization.

During the next 11 years, he would speak over 2,500 times at public events, traveling over six million miles. He also wrote articles and five books to spread the message farther. In 1963, he was a leader in the massive civil rights protests at Birmingham, Alabama, that drew the attention of all America-indeed, of the entire world-to the discrimination African Americans faced and their demands for change. Arrested during the protests, he penned " Letter from a Birmingham Jail," which became a manifesto for the civil rights revolution and placed King among America's renowned essayists such as Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Influence of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

His tactics for achieving social change were drawn from those of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (known as Mahatma, "great soul"), who had used nonviolent civil disobedience to bring about change in his native India (as he had done with some success previously to win concessions for Indian immigrants living in South Africa's apartheid system). Gandhi's methods included boycotts of British goods and institutions. (Like Martin Luther King, Jr., Gandhi was repeatedly arrested and ultimately was assassinated by a fanatic.)

Although King stressed nonviolence, even when confronted by violence, those who opposed change did not observe such niceties. Protestors were beaten, sprayed with high-pressure water hoses, tear-gassed, and attacked by police dogs; bombings at black churches, homes, and other locations took a number of lives; some-both black and white-who agitated for civil rights such as the right to vote were murdered, but the movement pressed on.

King was the most prominent leader in the drive to register black voters in Atlanta and the march on Washington, D.C., that drew a quarter-million participants. His message had moved beyond African Americans and was drawing supporters from all segments of society, many of them appalled by the violence they saw being conducted against peaceful protestors night after night on television news.

Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream' Speech

During the rally in the nation's capital on August 28, 1963, Dr. King delivered his most famous speech, known as the "I Have a Dream" speech, from the steps of the Abraham Lincoln Memorial. Portions of that speech are often quoted, including, "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal' ... I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."

The speech called not only for Negro rights, but for the rights of all people and, moreover, for friendship and unity among all Americans, with phrases such as, "I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers."

Beyond the repeated phrase, "I have a dream," perhaps the best-known and most-often quoted portion of the speech comes from its concluding paragraph, which states:

"And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"

It has been alleged that King plagiarized his famous speech from one given by Archibald Carey, a black pastor, in a 1952 speech to the Republican National Convention, just as it was found he had plagiarized others' works in his collegiate papers. While there are similarities in the endings of the two speeches, those similarities are insufficient to be considered outright plagiarism and are based largely on the fact that both men quoted the opening verse of "America the Beautiful" as a lead-in to their closing remarks.

To read a transcript of the entire "I Have A Dream" speech, click here.

Martin Luther King's Nobel Peace Prize

His oratory and impassioned drive, not just for equality under the law, but for true understanding and acceptance of all races and creeds by all races and creeds, led Time magazine to select Martin Luther King, Jr., as its Man of the Year for 1963. The following year, the Nobel Prize Committee in Stockholm, Sweden, awarded him the Nobel Peace Prize . Then 35, he is the youngest man ever to have received it. The prize included an award of over $54,000, which he promised donate to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.

As the Vietnam War escalated, King spoke out against America's involvement in the conflict. His antiwar position was an outgrowth of his belief in nonviolence, but to those who opposed King it intensified their belief he was pro-Communist and anti-American.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassinated

In the spring of 1968, King traveled to Memphis, Tennessee, where the majority of the city's black sanitation workers had been striking since February 12 for increased job safety measures, better wages and benefits, and union recognition. The mayor, Henry Loeb, staunchly opposed all these measures. King was solicited to come to Memphis to lead a planned march and work stoppage on March 28.

That protest march turned violent when sign-carrying students at the end of the parade began breaking windows of businesses, which led to looting. One looter was killed and about 60 people were injured. The city of Memphis lodged a formal complaint in the U.S. District Court against King and several other leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He and those leaders negotiated with the factions among the workers and their supporters who had initiated the march.

Assured that they would observe the creed of nonviolent civil disobedience, King agreed to return to Memphis for the rescheduled march on April 5. The district court had issued a restraining order, however, representatives of the SCLC met with the judge on April 4 and worked out a broad agreement that would permit the protest march to be held on April 8. Details were to be worked out on April 5.

On the evening of April 4, one of the SCLC representatives, Andrew Young (who would later serve as President Jimmy Carter's ambassador to the United Nations and would be elected mayor of Atlanta), came to King's room at the Lorraine Motel and informed him of what had been worked out with the judge. They prepared to go out to dinner, along with their colleagues. When King stepped onto the balcony in front of his room, he was shot and killed. He was just 39 years old.

In direct contrast to the nonviolence he had preached, riots broke out following Martin Luther King, Jr.'s death. In Chicago alone, nearly a dozen people died, 350 were arrested for looting, and 162 buildings were destroyed by arson.

James Earl Ray

The FBI quickly identified James Earl Ray as their primary suspect in the killing; his fingerprints had been found on the rifle and scope believed to have been used in the assassination, as well as on a pair of binoculars. The fatal shot had been fired from the bathroom window of a nearby rooming house.

Ray, a high-school dropout who had escaped from a Missouri prison in 1967, was arrested at Heathrow Airport in London, England, on June 8. In March 1969, he pled guilty and received a 99-year prison sentence. He escaped in 1977 but was recaptured after three days.

Almost immediately after his conviction, Ray tried to recant his confession, saying he had rented the room at the boardinghouse and bought the gun, but he had turned the weapon over to a man he called "Raoul." In 1992, Ray published a book, Who killed Martin Luther King, Jr? The True Story by the Alleged Assassin, giving his version of events, which suggested there had been a conspiracy and a government coverup. The case was not reopened, although a special congressional committee reported in 1978 that there was a "likelihood" Ray had not acted alone.

In March 1997, he met with one of King's sons, Dexter, and told him, "I had nothing to do with shooting your father." King's widow and heirs began expressing their belief that Ray was innocent and the assassination was part of a conspiracy.

Ray never provided sufficient details to support his contention of a conspiracy and cover-up, but many besides the Kings doubt he acted alone. Among the conspiracy theories is one that claims FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, who intensely disliked and distrusted King and had kept him under surveillance since 1962, was involved in the assassination-but like other theories about who killed Martin Luther King, Jr., this is mere conjecture.

Ray was never released from prison. He died of liver failure on April 22, 1998, in Nashville, Tennessee.

Martin Luther King Jr's Legacy

By the time of Martin Luther King Jr.'s death, the civil rights movement was evolving; in some ways, it seemed to be leaving him behind. New black power activists did not accept his philosophy of nonviolence as a way to achieve their goals. The FBI was breaking the power of the Ku Klux Klan, which had stood squarely in the way of racial equality. After successfully campaigning for Carl Stokes, the first black mayor of Cleveland, King was not invited to the victory celebration. The next civil rights challenges, such as fighting poverty, were more abstract compared with the clarity of issues like discrimination in hiring and the use of public amenities. These new concerns would likely have proven more difficult for him to achieve the same levels of success as he had in his previous campaigns for equality and justice. On the last Saturday of his life, he mused about quitting his full-time role in the movement, though he seemed to talk himself out of that, according to one of his fellow activists, Jesse Jackson.

Yet, the lasting legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. as a vibrant catalyst for social change cannot be denied. Among the prominent legacies of his ability to organize and energize the movement for equality are the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. His birthday has become a national holiday, when government offices and many private businesses close to honor his memory. A portion of the Lorraine Motel, including two persevered rooms and the balcony on which he was assassinated, are part of the National Civil Rights Museum. King's birthplace is now part of the National Park System.

His eloquent words live on, inspiring others who see injustices and seek to change them. He had a dream, and though it is still a long way from being fully realized, the America of his racially segregated youth and that of today's integrated society-in which a black man was elected president of the United States having served two full terms from 2008-2016-are as far apart and different from each other as the planet Mars is from Neptune. It is impossible to imagine such sweeping change would occur as quickly as it did without a leader like Martin Luther King Jr. driving it forward.

Articles Featuring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. From HistoryNet Magazines

Featured Article

I started out reading the speech, and I read it down to a point, and just all of a sudden, I decided-the audience response was wonderful that day, you know-and all of a sudden this thing came to me that I have used-I'd used it many times before, that thing about "I have a dream"-and I just felt that I wanted to use it here. I don't know why, I hadn't thought about it before the speech.

Featured Article 2

Well-almost everyone.

Personally, I believe in the light of King's powerful demagogic speech yesterday he stands head and shoulders over all other Negro leaders put together when it comes to influencing great masses of Negroes. We must mark him now, if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security....[I]t may be unrealistic to limit ourselves as we have been doing to legalistic proofs or definitely conclusive evidence that would stand up in testimony in court or before Congressional Committees that the Communist party, USA, does wield substantial influence over Negroes which one day could become decisive.

National Archives

Martin Luther King Jr. arrives at FBI headquarters to meet with Director J. Edgar Hoover on December 1, 1964. About two weeks earlier, Hoover had publicly labeled King a "notorious liar" and the civil rights leader responded by implying that the director was senile.

The history of the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA) is replete with its attempts to exploit, influence and recruit the Negro. The March on Washington, August 28, 1963, was a striking example as party leaders early put into motion efforts to accrue gains for the CPUSA from the March. The presence at the March of around 200 Party members, ranging from several national functionaries headed by CPUSA General Secretary Gus Hall to many rank-and-file members, is clear indication of the party's favorite target (the Negro) today. All indications are that the March was not the "end of the line:" and that the party will step up its efforts to exploit racial unrest and in every possible way claim credit for itself relating to any "gains" achieved by the Negro.

It should be clear to all of us that Martin Luther King must, at some propitious point in the future, be revealed to the people of this country and to his Negro followers as being what he actually is-a fraud, demagogue and scoundrel. When the true facts concerning his activities are presented, such should be enough, if handled properly, to take him off his pedestal and to reduce him completely in influence. When this is done, and it can be and will be done, obviously much confusion will reign, particularly among the Negro people....The Negroes will be left without a national leader of sufficiently compelling personality to steer them in the proper direction. This is what could happen, but need not happen if the right kind of national Negro leader could at this time be gradually developed so as to overshadow Dr. King and be in the position to assume the role of the leadership of the Negro people when King has been completely discredited.

King, look into your heart. You know, you are a complete fraud and a greater liability to all of us Negroes. White people in this country have enough frauds of their own but I am sure they don't have one at this time that is anywhere near your equal. You are no clergyman and you know it. I repeat that you are a colossal fraud and an evil, vicious one at that....King, like all frauds your end is approaching. You could have been our greatest leader....But you are done. Your honorary degrees, your Nobel Prize (what a grim farce) and other awards will not save you. King, I repeat you are done....The American public, the church organizations that have been helping-Protestants, Catholics and Jews will know you for what you are-an evil beast. So will others who have backed you. You are done.

King, there is only one thing left for you to do. You know what it is. You have just 34 days in which to do (this exact number has been selected for a specific reason, it has definite practical significance). You are done. There is but one way out for you. You better take it before your filthy fraudulent self is bared to the nation.

Featured Article 3

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. summary: Martin Luther King Jr. became the predominant leader in the civil rights movement to end racial segregation and discrimination in America during the 1950s and 1960s, and was a leading spokesperson for nonviolent methods of achieving social change.

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Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15th 1929 he was an american baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the civil rights movement.

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Mohandas Karamchand  Gandhi was born October 2nd,1869 and died January 30th,1948. He was a civil rights leader. He got the nickname Mahatma which means ¨"great soul¨ because the indian poet called him that. Gandhi moved to south Africa and struggled there against racial and religious discrimination. He was particularly bothered by the institutional racism that seemed to accompany British control over their territories. During this time Gandhi began to call for nonviolent revolutions that challenged authority. Gandhi spent most of his life in other places but when he came back to India at this time still a British territory he began working in politics. His primary goal was a fully independent India,no British or any other foreign governments.