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Many of the original settlers at New Harmony were scholars who migrated from Pennsylvania on the so-called “boatload of knowledge” – the largest intellectual migration in Colonial America (Indiana was far west of any established universities).

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George Ripley: Brook farm community Leader

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George Ripley: Brook farm community Leader

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Nathaniel Hawthorne
Among Brook Farm’s visitors was Nathaniel Hawthorne, who drew on his brief experience there for his novel. Hawthorne left Brook Farm in great disillusionment, and his novel, a thinly disguised satire, recounts with some venom how some commune members were permitted to spend their time reading poetry while others had to tend the cows.

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Oneida:"Free-Love" Everyone was married to each other

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Oneida:"Free-Love" Everyone was married to each other

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John Humphrey Noyes: Oneida Community leader

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John Humphrey Noyes: Oneida Community leader

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In Oneida community Everyone Lived in one mansion

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In Oneida community Everyone Lived in one mansion

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Oneida Community, also called Perfectionists, or Bible Communists, Utopian religious community that developed out of a Society of Inquiry established by John Humphrey Noyes. For  30 years Oneida flourished. The community, which in the early years numbered about 200 persons, earned existence by farming and logging before the arrival of a new member who gave the community a steel trap that he had invented. Manufacture and sale of Oneida traps, which were considered the best in the land, became the basis of a thriving group of industrial enterprises that included silverware, embroidered silks, and canned fruit. The community fell apart in 1871 when Noyes’ son, Theodore, gave up his position as leader of the community to pursue other interests.

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Houses of the Shakers community, they had many houses, that they built all by themselves.

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Houses of the Shakers community, they had many houses, that they built all by themselves.

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A religious group that fled to the American colonies in 1774 to escape persecution in England, and to establish a Utopian society. The group’s leader was Ann Lee. The younger members left the community, converts quit coming, and the older ones died off, and that's how the community failed.