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Detritus is the term for loose fragments, such as sand or gravel, that have fallen off of a solid object, or speaking in ecological terms, matter produced by the decay of an organic substance.

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Egested waste is the process of "discharging" unused/undigested matter from your body. AKA pooping.

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Biomass is the total mass of organisms in a given area. Example, there is more human biomass in New York City than in Lisle.

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The Nutrients Cycle is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter.

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Energy flow happens when energy is transferred from one body or place to another. For example, when a human eats a steak, some of the energy and biomass is transferred to the human and the human burns some off as heat/calories, uses some and the rest is turned into egested waste

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Cell Respiration is the chemical process that generates and supplies most of the energy in a cell.

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Photosynthesis is the process where an organism (typically a green plant) uses sunlight to synthesize their foods from carbon dioxide and water.

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Energy efficiency is a term that means to use less energy to complete the same task. An energy efficiency model is used to show this and how it can be done.

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Primary Productivity is the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances.

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A decomposer is an organism that feeds of off the unused energy in another dead organism. Fungi is a good example as they grow near or on dead organic material.

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A consumer is an organism, typically an animal, that feeds on plants and/or animals. Consumers are above producers on the ecological pyramid.

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Producers are either bacteria or green plants and are the first level of the food chain. Producers produce the most energy in an ecological pyramid.

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The largest source of energy for an ecosystem is the sun. Energy that is not used in an ecosystem is eventually lost as heat. Energy and nutrients are passed around through the food chain, when one organism eats another organism. Any energy remaining in a dead organism is consumed by decomposers. Energy is lost as heat and all energy comes from the sun and is passed down through the food chain.

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Ecological Pyramids show the amount of biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. At each trophic level, the amount of energy received is reduced to 10% of what it was at the level underneath it. An example is when a producer gets eaten by a herbivore. The herbivore gets 10% of the energy that the producer has, producers have 100% energy so the herbivore would only get 10% energy while the other 90% is not lost, but converted to a form of energy that cannot be used.

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Food webs are similar to a visual representation of a food chain except food webs show all of the possible paths energy can take while moving through an ecosystem.

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Organisms can be either producers or consumers in terms of energy flow through an ecosystem. Producers convert energy from the environment into carbon bonds, such as those found in the sugar glucose. Plants are the best examples of producers. Plants take energy from sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide into glucose or other sugars. When energy moves through and ecosystem, only 10% of the energy that the organism had is used, 90% is converted into another form of useless energy.

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Ecological Pyramid (Ignore the fact that this pyramid is based off the sea as it is still an example of an ecological pyramid).

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Basic food web

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Energy flow through an ecosystem