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Correcting Run-On Sentences | K5 Learning

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Run-on sentence worksheets for grade 5. Run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are not joined correctly. In these worksheets, students correct run-on sentences by adding conjunctions and punctuation. Free writing worksheets from K5 Learning; no registration required.

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Paraphrasing - Overview and Practice Questions with Answers..

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Paraphrasing - Overview and Practice Questions with Answers..

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Paraphrasing - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University

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Paraphrasing - First Lesson

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SECOND CONDITIONAL INSTRUCTION AND EXERCISES:

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SECOND CONDITIONAL INSTRUCTION AND EXERCISES:

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English grammar exercise about the second conditional

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THIRD CONDITIONAL EXERCISES (20 questions)

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THIRD CONDITIONAL EXERCISES (20 questions)

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https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/third-conditional-exercise-1.html

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Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced

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Learning when to use gerunds (speaking) and when to use infinitives (to speak) can be one of the most challenging parts of learning English. For this reason, Englishpage.com has created the Internet's most in-depth tutorial including 30 exercises as well as gerunds and infinitives reference lists to help you go from beginner to pro. Just scroll down to begin!

Basic Gerunds and Infinitives

Part 1 of the Gerunds and Infinitives Tutorial explains what gerunds and infinitives are and how to begin using them in everyday English. Complete exercises 1-10 below to practice what you have learned in Part 1 before moving on to Part 2.

Intermediate Gerunds and Infinitives

Part 2 of the Gerunds and Infinitives Tutorial discusses how to control gerunds and infinitives and how to use them more like native English speakers. Complete exercises 11-20 to see if you understand what you've learned in Parts 1 and 2. Then continue to our advanced tips in Part 3.

Advanced Gerunds and Infinitives

Part 3 of the Gerunds and Infinitives Tutorial covers exceptions and advanced gerunds and infinitives usage. This section is for the pros who want to speak English just like a native speaker. Can you pass our gerunds and infinitives final test?

Gerund and Infinitive Reference Lists

Here is a collection of all the reference lists used in this tutorial for quick access.

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Learn English gerunds and infinitives easily with our in-depth tutorial which includes a list of 20 usage tips, every reference list you need, and 30 gerunds and infinitives exercises to practice what you learn.

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Signalling

It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how various parts of the paragraph are connected. These connections can be made explicit by the use of different signalling words.

For example, if you want to tell your reader that your line of argument is going to change, make it clear.

The Bristol 167 was to be Britain's great new advance on American types such as the Lockheed Constellation and Douglas DC-6, which did not have the range to fly the Atlantic non-stop. It was also to be the largest aircraft ever built in Britain. However, even by the end of the war, the design had run into serious difficulties.

If you think that one sentence gives reasons for something in another sentence, make it explicit.

While an earlier generation of writers had noted this feature of the period, it was not until the recent work of Cairncross that the significance of this outflow was realized. Partly this was because the current account deficit appears much smaller in current (1980s) data than it was thought to be by contemporaries.

If you think two ideas are almost the same, say so.

Marx referred throughout his work to other systems than the capitalist system, especially those which he knew from the history of Europe to have preceded capitalism; systems such as feudalism, where the relation of production was characterized by the personal relation of the feudal lord and his serf and a relation of subordination which came from the lord's control of the land. Similarly, Marx was interested in slavery and in the classical Indian and Chinese social systems, or in those systems where the ties of local community are all important.

If you intend your sentence to give extra information, make it clear.

He is born into a family, he marries into a family, and he becomes the husband and father of his own family. In addition, he has a definite place of origin and more relatives than he knows what to do with, and he receives a rudimentary education at the Canadian Mission School.

If you are giving examples, do it explicitly.

This has sometimes led to disputes between religious and secular clergy, between orders and bishops. For example, in the Northern context, the previous bishop of Down and Connor, Dr Philbin, refused for most of his period of leadership in Belfast to have Jesuits visiting or residing in his diocese.

Signalling words

1. Time/order

at first, eventually, finally, first, firstly, in the end, in the first place, in the second place, lastly, later, next, second, secondly, to begin with

2. Comparison/similar ideas

in comparison, in the same way, similarly

3. Contrast/opposite ideas

but, despite, in spite of, even so, however, in contrast, in spite of this, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, whereas, yet

4. Cause and effect

accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, because, because of this, consequently, for this reason, hence, in consequence, in order to, owing to this, since, so, so that, therefore, thus

5. Examples

for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows

6 Generalisation

as a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, normally, on the whole, in most cases, usually

7. Stating the obvious

after all, as one might expect, clearly, it goes without saying, naturally, obviously, of course, surely

8. Attitude

admittedly, certainly, fortunately, luckily, oddly enough, strangely enough, undoubtedly, unfortunately

9. Summary/conclusion

finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short, overall, so, then, to conclude, to sum up

10. Explanation/equivalence

in other words, namely, or rather, that is to say, this means, to be more precise, to put it another way

11. Addition

apart from this, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, nor, not only...but also, too, what is more

12. Condition

in that case, then

13. Support

actually, as a matter of fact, in fact, indeed

14. Contradiction

actually, as a matter of fact, in fact

15. Emphasis

chiefly, especially, in detail, in particular, mainly, notably, particularly

Examples

1. Time/order

2. Comparison

In comparison

The vast majority of social encounters are, in comparison, mild and muted affairs.

In the same way

Every baby's face is different from every other's. In the same way, every baby's pattern of development is different from every other's.

Similarly

You should notify any change of address to the Bonds and Stock Office. Similarly, savings certificates should be re-registered with the Post Office.

3. Contrast

4. Cause/effect

Accordingly

She complained of stiffness in her joints. Accordingly she was admitted to hospital for further tests.

As a consequence

The red cross has not been allowed to inspect the camps, and as a consequence little is known about them.

The Cold War has ended. As a consequence the two major world powers have been able to reduce their arms budgets dramatically.

As a result

Many roads are flooded. As a result there are long delays.

Because

Because these were the only films we'd seen of these people, we got the impression that they did nothing else but dance to classical music.

Because of this

The cost of running the club has increased. Because of this, we must ask our members to contribute more each week.

Consequently

Japan has a massive trade surplus with the rest of the world. Consequently it can afford to give more money to the Third World.

For this reason

The traffic was very heavy. For this reason he was late.

Hence

The computer has become smaller and cheaper and hence more available to a greater number of people.

In consequence

The fastest these animals can run is about 65 kph and in consequence their hunting methods have to be very efficient indeed.

In order that

They are learning English in order that they can study a particular subject.

In order to

He had to hurry in order to reach the next place on this schedule.

Owing to this

The rain was terrible. Owing to this, the match was cancelled.

So

He speaks very little English, so I talked to him through an interpreter.

So that

You take some of the honey and replace it with sugar so that the bees have something to eat.

Therefore

I'm not a member of the Church of England myself. Therefore it would be rather impertinent of me to express an opinion.

Thus

If I am to accept certain limitations on my freedom, I must be assured that others are accepting the same restraints. Thus, an incomes policy has to be controlled if it is to be effective.

5. Example

For example

Many countries are threatened by earthquakes. For example, Mexico and Japan have large ones this century.

For instance

Not all prices have increased so dramatically. Compare, for instance, the price of oil in 1980 and the price now.

Such as

There are many reasons why the invasion failed, such as the lack of proper food and the shortage of ammunition.

Thus

Plants as well as stones can be charms. The Guyana Indians have many plant charms, each one helping to catch a certain kind of animal. The leaves of the plant usually look like the animal it is supposed to help to catch. Thus the charm for catching deer has a leaf which looks like deer horns.

6. Generalisation

7. Stating the obvious

8. Attitude

9. Summary/conclusion

10. Explanation/equivalence

In other words

In other words, although the act of donating blood would increase the chances of the donor dying, this increase was small compared with the increase in the recipient's chances of surviving.

Namely

He could not do any thing more than what he had promised - namely, to look after Charlotte's estate.

... three famous physicists, namely, Simon, Kurte and Mendelsohn.

Or rather

The account here offered is meant as a beginning of an answer to that question. Or rather it contributes by setting the question in a certain way.

That is to say

The Romans left Britain in 410 AD - that is to say England was a Roman dependency for nearly 500 years.

This means

With syphilis and gonorrhoea, the ages are also recorded, and this means that an accurate map of disease prevalence can be drawn and any trends or changes can be recognized very quickly.

To be more precise

These reforms of Justinian in AD 529 proclaim that they are "imposing a single nature" on trusts and legacies or, to be more precise, imposing it on legatees and trust beneficiaries.

To put it another way

He was being held there against his will. To put it another way, he was a prisoner.

11. Addition

12. Condition

In that case

Of course the experiment may fail and in that case we will have to start again.

Then

Sometimes the computer system breaks down. Then you'll have to work on paper.

13. Support

As a matter of fact

The company is doing very well. As a matter of fact, we have doubled our sales budget.

In fact

The winter of 1940 was extremely bad. In fact most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.

Indeed

This act has failed to bring women's earnings up to the same level. Indeed the gulf is widening.

They continue to work throughout their short life. Indeed it is overwork which eventually kills them.

14. Contradiction

Actually

There are many stories which describe wolves as dangerous, blood thirsty animals, but actually they prefer to avoid human beings.

In fact

I thought he could speak the language fluently. In fact, that wasn't the case at all.

15. Emphasis

Chiefly

How quickly you recover from an operation chiefly depends on your general state of health.

The experiment was not a success, chiefly because the machine tools were of poor quality.

Especially

They don't trust anyone, especially people in our position.

I'm not attracted to Sociology, especially the way it's taught here.

In detail

The implications of this theory are examined in detail in chapter 12.

In particular

In particular, he was criticised for pursuing a policy of conciliation and reform.

Mainly

The political group will have more power, mainly because of their large numbers.

Notably

Some people, notably his business associates, had learned to ignore his moods.

The organisation had many enemies, most notably among feminists.

Particularly

Many animal sources of protein are also good sources of iron. Particularly useful are liver, kidney, heart, beef, sardines, pilchards (red fish generally), and shellfish, including mussels and cockles.

Exercise 10, Exercise 11 & Exercise 12

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It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how various parts of the paragraph are connected. These connections can be made explicit by the use of different signalling words. For example, if you want to tell your reader that your line of argument is going to change, make it clear.

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Sentences, Word order, Punctuation - English Grammar Explanations

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Sentences, Word order, Punctuation, English Grammar - Materials for Teaching and Learning English

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The Cause and effect essay is another common essay type, either as an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger essay which includes one or more paragraphs examining causes and effects. This page gives information on what a cause and effect essay is, how to structure this type of essay, and how to use cause and effect structure words (transition signals) for this type of essay. There is also an example cause and effect essay on the topic of women at work, as well as some exercises to help you practice this area.

What are cause & effect essays?

A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though sometimes this may be only part of the whole essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the causes or the effects, not both, are discussed. See the examples below.

Discuss the causes and effects of global warming ['cause and effect' essay]

Explain the high death rate in Chernobyl ['causes' only essay]

Discuss the WTO and its effects on the Chinese economy ['effects' only essay]

Structure

There are two main ways to structure a cause and effect essay. These are similar to the ways to structure problem-solution essays, namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the causes are listed first, and all of the effects are listed afterwards. For the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by the effect. Usually that effect will then be the cause of the next effect, which is why this structure is called 'chain'. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any effects you present relate directly to the causes you have given.

The two types of structure, block and chain, are shown in the diagram below.

Cause and Effect Structure Words

Cause and effect structure words are transition signals which show the cause and effect relationships. It is important to be clear which is the cause (or reason) and which is the effect (or result), and to use the correct transition word or phrase. Remember that a cause happens first, and the effect happens later.

Below are some common cause and effect structure words. X is used to indicate a cause, while Y is used to indicate the effect.

Cause

The first cause of (Y) is (X)

The next reason is (X)

Because of (X), (Y)

As a result of (X), (Y)

As a consequence of (X), (Y)

because/since/as (X)

to result from (X)

(X) results in (Y)

to be the result of (X)

(Y) is due to (X)

Owing to (X), (Y)

(Y) is because of (X)

(Y) is the effect of (X)

(Y) is the consequence of (X)

Examples

Worsening pollution levels in cities are due to the increased use of cars.

Because of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.

As a result of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.

The effect of the increased use of cars is a worsening of pollution levels in cities.

Effect

The first effect of (X) is (Y)

Another result of (X) is (Y)

As a result, (Y)

As a consequence, (Y)

Consequently (Y)

Therefore, (Y)

Thus (Y)

Hence (Y)

(X) results in (Y)

(X) causes (Y)

(X) has an effect on (Y)

(X) affects (Y)

(X) is one of the causes of (Y)

(X) is the reason for (Y)

Examples

Cars are used increasingly for urban transport. As a consequence, pollution levels in cities are worsening.

Increased use of cars for urban transport adversely affects pollution levels in cities.

Increased use of cars for urban transport is one of the causes of worsening pollution levels in cities.

Example essay

Below is a cause and effect essay. This essay uses the block structure. Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. Causes, Effects, and structure words. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also the thesis statement and summary, as these repeat the causes and effects contained in the main body.

Title: More and more women are now going out to work and some women are now the major salary earner in the family. What are the causes of this, and what effect is this having on families and society?
In the past, most women stayed at home to take care of domestic chores such as cooking or cleaning. Women's liberation and feminism have meant that this situation has been transformed and in contemporary society women are playing an almost equal role to men in terms of work. This has had significant consequences, both in terms of the family , for example by improving quality of life and increasing children's sense of independence , and also for society itself with greater gender equality .

The main reasons behind the increase of women in the workplace are women's liberation and feminism. The women's liberation movement originated in the 1960s and was popularised by authors such as Simone de Beauvoir. As a consequence of this, new legislation emerged, granting women equal rights to men in many fields, in particular employment. Because of feminist ideas, men have taken up roles which were previously seen as being for women only, most importantly those related to child rearing. As a result of this, women have more time to pursue their own careers and interests.

These have led to some significant effects, both to family life and to society as a whole.

Although the earning capacity of a woman in her lifetime is generally much less than that of a man, she can nevertheless make a significant contribution to the family income. The most important consequence of this is an improved quality of life. By helping to maintain a steady income for the family, the pressure on the husband is considerably reduced, hence improving both the husband's and the wife's emotional wellbeing. Additionally, the purchasing power of the family will also be raised. This means that the family can afford more luxuries such as foreign travel and a family car.

A further effect on the family is the promotion of independence in the children. Some might argue that having both parents working might be damaging to the children because of a lack of parental attention. However, such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often rely on them to help with the housework. This therefore teaches them important life skills.

As regards society, the most significant impact of women going to work is greater gender equality. There are an increasing number of women who are becoming politicians, lawyers, and even CEOs and company managers. This in turn has led to greater equality for women in all areas of life, not just employment. For example, women today have much stronger legal rights to protect themselves against domestic violence and sexual discrimination in the workplace.

In conclusion, the increasing number of women at work has brought about some important changes to family life, including improved quality of life and increased independence for children, as well as affecting society itself. It is clear that the sexes are still a long way from being equal in all areas of life, however, and perhaps the challenge for the present century is to ensure that this takes place.

Checklist

Below is a checklist for cause and effect essays. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

You need to login to view the exercises. If you do not already have an account, you can register for free.

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Find out how to write a cause and effect essay and understand the difference between block and chain structure.

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In the following exercise, you will be presented with a series of sentences. Put a tick by the run-on sentences.

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"Choices made, whether bad or good, follow you forever and affect everyone in their path one way or another."

― J.E.B. Spredemann, An Unforgivable Secret

Everything in life has a cause and an effect. You study for a test you get a good grade. You forget your umbrella when it rains, you get wet. You break a rule you have a consequence.

Kids cause, deal with, and are involved in cause and effect situations every day, all day long; however, they may not know that they are dealing with cause and effect.

It is important for students to know and understand what cause and effect situations are. They should be able to identify an event that is responsible for the cause that resulted in an effect.Identifying these three things can help create analytical thinkers and minds that can work through complex problems. It will also help students socially; they will understand and be more willing to accept the consequences for their actions -whether good or bad.

People that are good at identifying cause and effect scenarios and enjoy finding those connections make great investigators (police, insurance, mechanics) and researchers (doctors, scientists, historians).

Teachers can foster this strategy by giving students ample opportunity to talk and write about WHY? Children are naturally curious and always ask WHY - Why did you do that? Why do fish swim? Why is the sky blue? Why do birds fly?

As teachers, we are the ones that now need to ask WHY?. I think it is quite funny that my favorite questions to ask are WHY questions and my students' least favorite questions to answer are WHY questions, even though they LOVE to ask their own WHY questions.

Students don't like why questions because they have to write more than a one word answer, they have to think about the cause and effect and they need to explain how and why they are connected.

Given the opportunity and continued practice students will gradually see the connections and uncover the events, causes and effects that happen all around them.To ensure that students recognize cause and effect and know how to properly answer the cause and effect questions they need to know key words and phrases to help focus their thinking.

Key words to help find cause and effect statements:
so, because, therefore, since, if, then, so that, without, cause, effect, how, explain.

These words are key because they will help students to identify cause and effect questions and statements as well as be able to write sentences that show the cause and effect relationship.

To immerse your students in cause and effect, teachers should ask questions using question stems so that students get used to the language. For lower students you can give questions that require them to answer with a yes or no answer or they can point to pictures to show the answer. Regardless of the question, each answer must contain text evidence. They must show something from the text that proves their thinking and shows the relationship between the event, the cause and the effect.

Linguistic pattern and response frames:

There can be many causes and effects that are the result of one event, for example:

When it comes to the cause and effect from a story it is important to show students all the possibilities. Some cause and effect examples may be better than others but they are all connected.

For example, take David Goes to School by David Shannon. Here are some example questions that use the question stems above.

Using a multi-flow map you can quickly and easily show the event, cause and effect connections. For this story, the event is that David goes to school; the events that connect to this are all the things that happen because David is at school.

So now that you are armed and ready, you and your students should have lots of fun finding those cause and effect connections. Don't forget to look at and recognize those connections...everywhere!

You can pick up the poster set from my TpT store.

Happy teaching!

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"Choices made, whether bad or good, follow you forever and affect everyone in their path one way or another." ― J.E.B. Spredemann, An Unforgivable Secret Everything in life has a cause and an effect. You study for a test you get a good grade. You forget your umbrella when it rains, you get wet.

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Articles

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Article - the, a - Grammar Exercises - Learning English

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English Prepositions - Grammar Exercises

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Exercises on English Prepositions (at, in, on) and their position in sentences and idioms