# data[].attributes.body
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the biological clock hours that control our sleep and wakefulness throughout the day. People with narcolepsy experience chronic daytime sleepiness and intermittent which they cannot control the episodes of falling asleep during the daytime.

TYPE
1. Type 1 - Narcolepsy that occurs with cataplexy  which can be triggered by strong emotion.
2. Type 2 - Narcolepsy that occurs without cataplexy.

CAUSE
- Due to a deficiency in the production of hypocretin by the brain that involved in regulating REM sleep.

SYMPTOM
1) Feel very sleepy during the day.
2) Involuntary fall asleep during normal activities.
3) Experience hallucinations and paralysis.
4) Disrupted nighttime sleep.

HOW TO DIAGNOSED
1) Physical exam.
2) Taking medical history.
3) Conduct sleep studies - Polysomnogram (PSG) and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MLST).

TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
1) Medications
- Stimulants.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).
- Tricyclic antidepressants.
- Sodium oxybate (Xyrem).

2) Clinical trials
- Testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.

3) Lifestyle and home remedies
Lifestyle modifications are important in managing the symptoms of narcolepsy. You may benefit from these steps:
- Stick to a schedule. Go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day, including weekends.
- Take naps. Schedule short naps at regular intervals during the day. Naps of 20 minutes at strategic times during the day may be refreshing and reduce sleepiness for one to three hours. Some people may need longer naps.
- Avoid nicotine and alcohol. Using these substances, especially at night, can worsen your signs and symptoms.
Get regular exercise. Moderate, regular exercise at least four to five hours before bedtime may help you feel more awake during the day and sleep better at night.
Coping and support
- Dealing with narcolepsy can be challenging. Making adjustments in your daily schedule may help. Consider these tips:
- Talk about it. Tell your employer or teachers about your condition and work with them to find ways to accommodate your needs. This may include taking naps during the day, breaking up monotonous tasks, recording meetings or classes, standing during meetings or lectures, and taking brisk walks at various times throughout the day.
- Be safe. If you must drive a long distance, work with your doctor to establish a medication schedule that ensures the greatest likelihood of wakefulness during your drive. Stop for naps and exercise breaks whenever you feel drowsy. Don't drive if you feel too sleepy.
- Support groups and counseling can help you and your loved ones cope with narcolepsy. Ask your doctor to help you locate a group or qualified counselor in your area.

Link on narcoleptic topic:

https://youtu.be/J6fG_slG7xQ

# data[].attributes.body
by HAIDA & ALMA

An episode of screaming, intense fear and flailing while still asleep. It is considered as parasomnia – undesired occurrence during sleep. It occurs during the slow-wave nonrapid eye movement sleep stage during the transition from stage 3 to stage 4.

Night Terror is most common in children at the age of 3-7 years old and rarely occur in adult where they usually cannot remember the episode. In children, it would rarely happen during the naps.

An episode would last 1-2 minutes, but may take up to 30 minutes before the child relaxes and returns to normal sleep.

CAUSES

·        Sleep deprivation

·        Extreme tiredness

·        Stress

·        Sleep disruptions

·        Fever

·        Sleep- disordered breathing

·        Restless leg syndrome

·        Depression and anxiety

·        Excessive alcohol and caffeine

SYMTOMPS

·        Frightening

·        Shout out scream in distress

·        Sweating

·        Tachypnea (rapid and fast breathing) and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)

·        Mydriasis (dilation of pupils)

·        Act upset and scared

·        Hard to awaken

TREATMENT

It is recommended to meet doctor when:

·        Become more frequent

·        Routinely disrupt sleep

·        Lead to safety concern or injury

·        Excessive daytime sleepless

Treatment can be done in several ways:
1. Reducing stress

2. Create bedtime routine (simple and relaxing)

3. Get enough sleep

4. Prevent being overtired

5. Avoid staying up too late

6. Anticipatory awakening

7.Treat the underlying conditions (medical or mental health, other sleep disorder)

# data[].attributes.body
HYPERSOMNIA by Mokhz
HYPERSOMNIA by Mokhzani and Hafiz.

Definition.
Hypersomnia is a condition in which a person has trouble to stay awake during day. They can fall asleep at any time.

Hypersomnia can be categorize into 2 type which are:-
1. Primary hypersomnia - mainly due to the problem itself and doesn't having any health problems.
2. Secondary hypersomnia - hypersomnia that developed because of the health problems such as sleep apnea, asthma or depression.

Causes
- Narcolepsy
- Sleep apnea
- Overweight or obesity
- Drug/alcohol abuse
- Depression

Treatment.

For treatment of hypersomnia, usually will treat the cause. If it is primary hypersomnia, that person need good sleep cycle and sleep hygience.

For secondary type of hyperaomnia, treat depend on the health issue that cause hypersomnia. If it is due to sleep apnea, treatment will need to go for sleep clinic and use PAP if bad. If it is due to depression, need to treat with anti depressant drugs. And if hypersomnia causes by certain drugs or medication, person need to consider to change medication supervised by physiocians.



Sleep Enuresis by Dasa and Wan
Sleep Enuresis by Dasa and Wan 
Sleep enuresis
 Sleep Enuresis occur when a person is unable to control their bladder during sleep. 
 
 - two kinds enuresis primary and secondary
 
 + Primary: Poor urinary control from infancy onwards. This is usually Heridatary
 
 + Secondary: person has a relapse after previously having been able to have urinary control. 
 
 Medical conditions which can cause sleep Enuresis: 
 
 1)Diabetes 
 2) Urinary tract infections
 3) Sleep apnea
 4) Psychiatric disorders. 
 
 Treatments: behavior modification, alarm devices, and medications. 

Hypersomnia by Tan and Fira
Hypersomnia by Tan and Fira
1. Disorder that cause excessive daytime sleepiness in people , often regardless of the presence of other sleeping disorder, or poor sleep hygiene.
2. A condition in which a person has trouble staying  awake during the day.
3. Can fall asleep at anytime. 
4. Neve feel rested, no matter how much sleep they receive. 
5. Often sleep more than 10 hours
Symptoms
1. Sleep is not disrupted at night, yet a need remains to sleep longer than the average requirement.
2. Needing frequent naps
3. Falling asleep at in appropriate times, such as at work, school or social activities
4. Waking feeling disoriented
5. Feeling anxious or irritable
6. Lack of energy
7. Slow speech
8. Decreased appetite
9. Memory loss
10. Hallucinations


Causes:
1. Narcolepsy and sleep apnea
2. Head injury: multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. 
4. Prescription drug
5. Genetic
6. Depression 

Treatment
Since the real cause is not known, there is no real cure. Treatment is largely based on dealing with the symptoms. Most often, physicians prescribe stimulants so that the sufferer can stay awake during the day and recommend taking frequent naps whenever possible. Antidepressants may also be helpful.


symptoms of hypersomnia
symptoms of hypersomnia
by ryan peters
youtube
SLEEP WALKING
SLEEP WALKING
by Sarah & Syaza 

Definition: formally known as somnambulism, a behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep - - > walking/performing other complex behavior while asleep 

Prevalence : Most common-child (3-5 y/o), 1%-15% adult in general population

Risk factors:
Sleep deprivation/ irregular sleep 
Sedative agents - etc alcohol 
Febrile illness - etc fever 
Medication/ stress
Symptoms:
Sleep talking 
Little to no memory of event 
Difficulty arousing the sleepwalker during episodes
Inappropriate behavior - etc urinating, screaming, violence
Treatment: 
No specific treatment but at certain approach,
Identify & eliminate the causes
Talk to doctor/sleep specialist 
Child- try not to wake up, to avoid scaring them, try to adjust the surrounding to avoid any harmful events 
Adult- hypnosis 
For severe & persistent cases - sedative hypnotic or antidepressants 


Sleepwalker Sleepwalking
Sleepwalker Sleepwalking
by Ann
youtube
Sleep Apnea (azyan & nabilah
Sleep Apnea (azyan & nabilah
https://youtu.be/i6lxO6W2-m8It

It is serious sleep disorder that occur when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. 

There are two types of sleep apnea: 
1) Obstructive SA : caused by a blockage of the airway
2) Central SA : the airway is not blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscle to breath due to instability in the respiratory control center

Symptoms :
- loud snoring
- morning headache 
- restless sleep
- insomnia

People who are at risk:
- overweight person
- family history of sleep apnea
- being over age 40
- having large tonsils, large tongue

Suggestion of treatment at home:
- losing weight
- avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills
- stop smoking ( increase swelling in the upper airway) 
- change sleeping position
i6lxO6W2-m8
i6lxO6W2-m8
youtu.be
Narcolepsy by Mun Chin & Sam
Narcolepsy by Mun Chin & Sam
Facts of Narcolepsy 
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness. 
People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. 

Causes of Narcolepsy
Some experts think narcolepsy may be due to a deficiency in the production of a chemical called hypocretin by the brain.

Symptoms of Narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): People with EDS often have mental cloudiness, a lack of energy, a lack of concentration and/or a depressed mood.
Cataplexy: This symptom consists of a sudden loss of muscle tone that leads to feelings of weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control.
Hallucinations: Usually, these delusional experiences are vivid and frequently frightening.

Treatment of Narcolepsy
Sleepiness is treated with amphetamine - like stimulants, while the symptoms of abnormal REM sleep are treated with antidepressant drugs.
Lifestyle adjustments such as avoiding caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy meals, regulating sleep schedules, scheduling daytime naps (10-15 minutes in length), and establishing a normal exercise and meal schedule may also help to reduce symptoms.

Insomnia
Insomnia
Ken, poh lean , yaso
Definition:
Habitual sleeplessness, inability to sleep
Symptom: 
1)difficulth falling a sleep
2)waking up during nightor too early, 
3)day time tiredness or sleepiness.
Categories:
1)Acute -brief and often happens due to life circumstances
2)Chronic - < 3 times a week and at least 3 months.

Causes: 
Stress, medical conditions,anxiety,depression,travel or work load,
Poor sleep habit- poor eat habit and eating too much during evening.

Epidemiology:
Increase in women and older adults
Treatment:
1)Cognitive behavioral therapy
2)Stimulus control therapy
3)Relaxation techniques
4)Sleep restriction

Diagnosis:
1)Physical exam

# data[].attributes.body
HYPERSOMNIA by Mokhzani and Hafiz.

Definition.
Hypersomnia is a condition in which a person has trouble to stay awake during day. They can fall asleep at any time.

Hypersomnia can be categorize into 2 type which are:-
1. Primary hypersomnia - mainly due to the problem itself and doesn't having any health problems.
2. Secondary hypersomnia - hypersomnia that developed because of the health problems such as sleep apnea, asthma or depression.

Causes
- Narcolepsy
- Sleep apnea
- Overweight or obesity
- Drug/alcohol abuse
- Depression

Treatment.

For treatment of hypersomnia, usually will treat the cause. If it is primary hypersomnia, that person need good sleep cycle and sleep hygience.

For secondary type of hyperaomnia, treat depend on the health issue that cause hypersomnia. If it is due to sleep apnea, treatment will need to go for sleep clinic and use PAP if bad. If it is due to depression, need to treat with anti depressant drugs. And if hypersomnia causes by certain drugs or medication, person need to consider to change medication supervised by physiocians.

# data[].attributes.body
Sleep enuresis
Sleep Enuresis occur when a person is unable to control their bladder during sleep.

- two kinds enuresis primary and secondary

+ Primary: Poor urinary control from infancy onwards. This is usually Heridatary

+ Secondary: person has a relapse after previously having been able to have urinary control.

Medical conditions which can cause sleep Enuresis:

1)Diabetes
2) Urinary tract infections
3) Sleep apnea
4) Psychiatric disorders.

Treatments: behavior modification, alarm devices, and medications.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Disorder that cause excessive daytime sleepiness in people , often regardless of the presence of other sleeping disorder, or poor sleep hygiene.

2. A condition in which a person has trouble staying  awake during the day.

3. Can fall asleep at anytime.

4. Neve feel rested, no matter how much sleep they receive.

5. Often sleep more than 10 hours

Symptoms

1. Sleep is not disrupted at night, yet a need remains to sleep longer than the average requirement.

2. Needing frequent naps

3. Falling asleep at in appropriate times, such as at work, school or social activities

4. Waking feeling disoriented

5. Feeling anxious or irritable

6. Lack of energy

7. Slow speech

8. Decreased appetite

9. Memory loss

10. Hallucinations

Causes:

1. Narcolepsy and sleep apnea
2. Head injury: multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease.

4. Prescription drug

5. Genetic

6. Depression

Treatment

Since the real cause is not known, there is no real cure. Treatment is largely based on dealing with the symptoms. Most often, physicians prescribe stimulants so that the sufferer can stay awake during the day and recommend taking frequent naps whenever possible. Antidepressants may also be helpful.

# data[].attributes.body
by Sarah & Syaza

Definition: formally known as somnambulism, a behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep - - > walking/performing other complex behavior while asleep

Prevalence : Most common-child (3-5 y/o), 1%-15% adult in general population

Risk factors:

1. Sleep deprivation/ irregular sleep

2. Sedative agents - etc alcohol

3. Febrile illness - etc fever

4. Medication/ stress

Symptoms:

1. Sleep talking

2. Little to no memory of event

3. Difficulty arousing the sleepwalker during episodes

4. Inappropriate behavior - etc urinating, screaming, violence

Treatment:

No specific treatment but at certain approach,

1. Identify & eliminate the causes

2. Talk to doctor/sleep specialist

3. Child- try not to wake up, to avoid scaring them, try to adjust the surrounding to avoid any harmful events

4. Adult- hypnosis

5. For severe & persistent cases - sedative hypnotic or antidepressants

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/i6lxO6W2-m8It

It is serious sleep disorder that occur when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep.

There are two types of sleep apnea:
1) Obstructive SA : caused by a blockage of the airway
2) Central SA : the airway is not blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscle to breath due to instability in the respiratory control center

Symptoms :
- loud snoring
- morning headache
- restless sleep
- insomnia

People who are at risk:
- overweight person
- family history of sleep apnea
- being over age 40
- having large tonsils, large tongue

Suggestion of treatment at home:
- losing weight
- avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills
- stop smoking ( increase swelling in the upper airway)
- change sleeping position

# data[].attributes.body
Facts of Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness.

People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime.

Causes of Narcolepsy
Some experts think narcolepsy may be due to a deficiency in the production of a chemical called hypocretin by the brain.

Symptoms of Narcolepsy

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): People with EDS often have mental cloudiness, a lack of energy, a lack of concentration and/or a depressed mood.

Cataplexy: This symptom consists of a sudden loss of muscle tone that leads to feelings of weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control.

Hallucinations: Usually, these delusional experiences are vivid and frequently frightening.

Treatment of Narcolepsy

Sleepiness is treated with amphetamine - like stimulants, while the symptoms of abnormal REM sleep are treated with antidepressant drugs.

Lifestyle adjustments such as avoiding caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy meals, regulating sleep schedules, scheduling daytime naps (10-15 minutes in length), and establishing a normal exercise and meal schedule may also help to reduce symptoms.

# data[].attributes.body
Ken, poh lean , yaso
Definition:
Habitual sleeplessness, inability to sleep
Symptom:
1)difficulth falling a sleep
2)waking up during nightor too early,
3)day time tiredness or sleepiness.
Categories:
1)Acute -brief and often happens due to life circumstances
2)Chronic - < 3 times a week and at least 3 months.

Causes:
Stress, medical conditions,anxiety,depression,travel or work load,
Poor sleep habit- poor eat habit and eating too much during evening.

Epidemiology:
Increase in women and older adults
Treatment:
1)Cognitive behavioral therapy
2)Stimulus control therapy
3)Relaxation techniques
4)Sleep restriction

Diagnosis:
1)Physical exam
2)Sleep habits review
3)Sleep study

https://youtu.be/j5Sl8LyI7k8

# data[].attributes.body
Example video: https://youtu.be/LabM9v_PnGg

# data[].attributes.body
4 person in a group

Explain about the sleep problem:
-Insomnia
-Sleep apnea
-Narcolepsy
-Sleepwalking
-Hypersomnia
-Nightterrors