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FRAME RELAY
PROS: In many scenario's involving long haul, high speed connections, it is cheaper than dedicated lines, there is a cheap solution to incorporate redundancy in the network,  Mixed speeds can be converted and traffic bursts can be buffered and less hardware is needed to for the same amount of connections.
CONS: There may be jams; no guaranteed bandwidth, in a point-to-point scenario it is not economically feasible and In short haul, it is not economically feasible.

ATM
CONS:
• some machines have fake pin pads ( skimming device)
• Misbehaves on an erratic condition, atm user is left without clues. (certain situations)
• Some old machines makes hell of noise. (based on the dispensing technology)
• Certain times rejects bills which is of okay quality
PROS:
• Time saver, no need to visit branch for withdrawing cash.
• One stop service for utility payments.
• Used as a channel to reach out to customers.
• Anytime Cash, Anywhere Cash.

GIGABIT ETHERNET
PROS:
• We do not need much cost. It is relatively inexpensive. It is costless as compare to other systems of connecting computers.
• It does not require any switches or hubs
• Maintenance and administration are simple.
• High speed
CONS:
• Nondeterministic service.
• It does not hold good for real-time applications.
• It is not suitable for a client-server architecture.
• Not suitable for traffic intensive applications.

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PROS OF FRAME RELEY

1.      Savings over private lines

·         Reduces number of dedicated devices which reduces equipment cost

·         Reduces complexity for Network Managers

2.      Greater bandwidth flexibility than private lines

3.      Higher reliability and Resiliency than private lines.

4.      Lower cost of ownership and better bandwidth utilization.

·         Growth of branch of Office Network.

5.    Higher network availability: FR network employs switches that support automatic routing of PVC around circuit failure

CONS OF FRAME RELEY

1.       44.736 Mbps data rate is not enough for protocols with higher data rates

1. Allows variable length frames

2. Create varying delays for different users

3. Not suitable for sending delay sensitive data such as real; time voice or video or teleconferencing.

PROS OF ATM

·         ATM supports voice, video and data allowing multimedia and mixed services over a

Single network.

·         Provides the best multiple service support.

·         Supports delay close to that of dedicated services.

·         Ability to connect LAN to WAN.

·         Scalability.

·         Higher aggregate bandwidth

·         High speed Mbps and possibly Gbps

CONS OF ATM

·         Flexible to efficiency’s expense, at present, for any one application it is usually possible to find a more optimized technology

·         Cost, although it will decrease with time

·         New customer premises hardware and software are required  Competition from other technologies -100 Mbps FDDI, 100 Mbps Ethernet and fast Ethernet

·         Presently the applications that can benefit from ATM such as multimedia are rare
The wait, with all the promise of ATM’s capabilities many details are still in the standards process

PROS OF GIGABIT ETHERNET.

1.      Gigabit Ethernet are faster

2.      Less expensive

3.      LAN oriented

4.      Easier to maintain

5.      Gigabit Ethernet is 100 times faster than the original 10Mbps Ethernet.

6.      Gigabit Ethernet is 10 times faster than 100Mbps Fast Ethernet

7.      Full-duplex capacity of Gigabit, allowing the effective bandwidth to communicate in both ways simultaneously, therefore it increases the transfer rate.

8.       Increasing bandwidth for higher performance and elimination of bottlenecks.

9.      Backwards compatible in shared mode using carrier extension

10.  Extension of a well understood, well characterized network approach.

CONS OF GIGABIT ETHERNET

1.      Products are not yet available

2.      Gateway device necessary to interface to wide area link protocol

3.      Ethernet does not support time-sensitive data

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FRAME RELAY, ATM, AND GIGABIT ETHERNET PROS AND CONS.

PROS AND CONS OF FRAME RELAY

PROS:

Cost Savings: FR offers reduction of physical local loops over private line network as frame uses a virtual circuit for each new connection

Higher circuit utilization: FR makes use of physical circuit by statistically multiplexing multiple PVCs over a single physical circuit

Higher network availability: FR network employs switches that support automatic routing of PVC around circuit failure

Extended Technology Life Duration: FR is backwards compatible with older technologies like X.25 and forward compatible with newer technologies like ATM and MPLs

Protocol Independence: Supports wide variety of application transports and meets the throughput requirements.

Performance: FR services offers higher speed with lower delay as compared to X.25

CONS:

44.736 Mbps data rate is not enough for protocols with higher data rates

Allows variable length frames

Create varying delays for different users

Not suitable for sending delay sensitive data such as real; time voice or video or teleconferencing.

PROS AND CONS OF ATM

PROS:
1.  It is optimized to transport voice, data and video i.e. single network for everything. It is used for mixed traffic, real-time and non real time traffic types.
2. It is easy to integrate with LAN, MAN and WAN network types i.e. seamless integration.
3. It is QoS oriented and high speed oriented.
4.  It enables efficient use of network resources using bandwidth on demand concept.
5. It uses simplified network infrastructure.

CONS:

1. Overhead of cell header (5 bytes per cell)

2.Complex mechanisms are used to achieve QoS.
3.Congestion may cause cell losses
4.ATM switch is very expensive compare to LAN hardware. Moreover ATM NIC is more expensive compare to ethernet NIC.
5.As ATM is connection oriented technology, the time required for connection setup and tear down is larger compare to time required to use it.

PROS AND CONS OF GIGABIT ETHERNET

PROS:

1.      Gigabit Ethernet are faster

2.      Frame rate of 1,000,000,000 bits per second

3.      Less expensive

4.      LAN oriented

5.      Easier to maintain

6.      There is a wide variety of hardware and software

7.      Uninfluenced by radio interference.

8.      Different Varieties

CONS:

1.  Products are not yet available

2.  Gateway device necessary to interface to wide area link protocol

3.  Ethernet does not support time-sensitive data

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Frame Relay,
PROS: Mixed speeds can be converted or traffic bursts can be buffered.

CONS: Jam occur; no guaranteed bandwidth

ATM,
PROS : Higher transmission speed
CONS : Complexity

Gigabit Ethernet,
PROS : High speed, small cost
CONS : Not suitable for traffic intensive applications.

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Frame relay and ATM are protocols that were designed for WAN links, where as Ethernet (now evolved to Gigabit Ethernet) was designed for LAN networks.

The selection between frame relay and ATM as a WAN protocol depends on your company's needs, budget and of course -- your provider's ability to provide you with such links. ATM provides robustness, high speeds and flexibility that frame relay can't match. However, for small speeds links, some companies prefer frame relay because it turns out cheaper and suites them better.

It really comes down to what you need and how much you want to spend.

In closing, Ethernet comes in three different flavors: Ethernet (10Mbits), Fast Ethernet (100 Mbits) and Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps). These three are the most common speeds, but you can also get 10 Gpbs using the latest high-end switches available on the market.

So, as you can see, for LAN environments, we have a number of Ethernet speeds available and generally LAN speeds are always much greater than WAN link speeds and the cost is much smaller.

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Frame relay is a telecommunication service designed for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks (LANs) and between end-points in a wide area network (WAN). Frame relay puts data in a variable-size unit called a frame and leaves any necessary error correction (retransmission of data) up to the end-points, which speeds up overall data transmission.... Frame relay complements and provides a mid-range service between ISDN, which offers bandwidth at 128 Kbps, and … ATM, which operates in somewhat similar fashion to frame relay but at speeds from 155.520 Mbps or 622.080 Mbps

ATM ... is a dedicated-connection switching technology that organizes digital data into 53-byte cell units and transmits them over a physical medium using digital signal technology. Individually, a cell is processed asynchronously relative to other related cells and is queued before being multiplexed over the transmission path. Because ATM is designed to be easily implemented by hardware (rather than software), faster processing and switch speeds are possible. The prespecified bit rates are either 155.520 Mbps or 622.080 Mbps. Speeds on ATM networks can reach 10 Gbps

The selection between frame relay and ATM as a WAN protocol depends on your company's needs, budget and of course -- your provider's ability to provide you with such links. ATM provides robustness, high speeds and flexibility that frame relay can't match. However, for small speeds links, some companies prefer frame relay because it turns out cheaper and suites them better.

It really comes down to what you need and how much you want to spend.

In closing, Ethernet comes in three different flavors: Ethernet (10Mbits), Fast Ethernet (100 Mbits) and Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps). These three are the most common speeds, but you can also get 10 Gpbs using the latest high-end switches available on the market.

So, as you can see, for LAN environments, we have a number of Ethernet speeds available and generally LAN speeds are always much greater than WAN link speeds and the cost is much smaller

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GS51665

The selection between frame relay and ATM as a WAN protocol depends on your company's needs, budget and of course -- your provider's ability to provide you with such links. ATM provides robustness, high speeds and flexibility that frame relay can't match. However, for small speeds links, some companies prefer frame relay because it turns out cheaper and suites them better.

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Frame Relays:-

Adventages.

1.      It is cheap.

2.      It have high circuits utilizations.

3.      High network availability.

4.      It supports vide veriety of application transports and meet the throughput requirements.

5.      It offers high speed and lower delay as compared to X.25.

Disadvantages

1.      It have a minimum data rate of Mbps.

2.      It allows variable length flows.

3.      It creates varying delays for different users

Gigabits Ethernet:-

Advantages

1.      It is faster

2.      It is less expensive

3.      It is easier to maintain.

4.      It is unaffected by radio interferences.

Disadvantages

1.      the poor support for voice and video traffic

2.     the tethering of portable, wireless devices

3.     the installation of the network.

ATM

Advantages

1.     It supports voice and vedio services on a network.

2.     It provides the multiple service support.

3.     It supports delay close to that of dedicated services

4.     It deals with the broad range of delay tolerance and loss performance through the implementation of multiple classes

5.     It have capability to support both connection-oriented and connectionless traffic

6.     Its Cables are based on twisted pair, coaxial or fiber-optic

7.     It have ability to connect LAN to WAN

8.     High speed Mbps and possibly Gbps

Disadvantages

1.     Flexible to efficiency’s expense, at present,

2.     It uses 100 Mbps

3.     Presently the applications that can benefit from ATM such as multimedia are rare.